E aʻo kākou e pili ana i ko kākou "aʻalolo optic" nāna e kōkua iā kākou e ʻike i ke ao nei ma o ko kākou mau maka.

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea mākou e ʻike ai i nā mea nani o kēia ao? Ua like ko mākou mau maka me ʻelua mau kāmela kupaianaha. Akā, ʻaʻohe mea nāna e lawe i ke kiʻi i lawe ʻia e kēlā kāmela a haʻi aku i ka lolo, "ʻO kēia kāu i ʻike ai." Hana ʻia kēlā hana koʻikoʻi e ko mākou aʻalolo optic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka `(Optic Nerve)`. No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia aʻalolo optic kupaianaha.

He aha ke aʻalolo optic? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi...

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he kāmela kiʻekiʻe kou maka. ʻO ka ʻāpana ma hope o kēia kāmela, i kapa ʻia ʻo retina, ʻike i ka mālamalama a hoʻololi iā ia i mau hōʻailona uila. I kēia manawa, pono e hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona uila i ka "kamepiula" i loko o ka lolo. ʻO ke kaula kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke aʻalolo optic .

Ua hana ʻia kēia aʻalolo maka me nā miliona o nā olonā aʻalolo lahilahi loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia mau olonā aʻalolo ka mea e lawe i nā leka i ka lolo e pili ana i nā mea āpau āu e ʻike ai, e like me nā kiʻi, nā kala, a me nā ʻano. ʻOiai he ʻelua mau maka ko kākou, he ʻelua nō hoʻi ko kākou mau aʻalolo maka, hoʻokahi no ka maka ʻākau a hoʻokahi no ka maka hema. Ua like kēia me nā ala "hoʻokahi ala" e lawe ana i nā leka ma kahi ala hoʻokahi wale nō. ʻO ia hoʻi, hele wale nā ​​hōʻailona mai ka maka a i ka lolo. Ma waho aʻe o ka lawe ʻana i kēia ʻike maka, kōkua pū kēia mau aʻalolo i kekahi mau hana liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe he 12 mau aʻalolo i loko o ko kākou poʻo e pili pono ana i ka lolo? Kāhea mākou i kēia mau aʻalolo cranial `(Cranial nerves)`. ʻO kēia mau mea, ʻo ke aʻalolo optic ka lua o ke aʻalolo cranial . Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo `(Cranial Nerve II)` a i ʻole `(CN II)`. He mea kūikawā kēia i waena o nā aʻalolo cranial ʻē aʻe. He aha kāu e ʻike ai? ʻO ke aʻalolo optic wale nō ka ʻāpana o kā mākou `(Central Nervous System - CNS)`. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena e komo pū ana me ka lolo, ke kaula spinal, a me kēia aʻalolo optic. ʻO nā aʻalolo cranial 11 ʻē aʻe no ka `(Peripheral Nervous System - PNS)`.

Aia ma hea ke aʻalolo optic? Pehea e hele ai i ka lolo?

Ua ʻōlelo mākou e holo ana ke aʻalolo optic mai ke kua o kēlā me kēia maka a i ka lolo. He mea paʻakikī iki kēia huakaʻi. E nānā kākou pehea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kēlā ala:

1. ʻAuwai maka: ʻO kēia ka puka iwi a ke aʻalolo maka e hoʻohana ai e komo i loko o ke poʻo a pili i ka lolo. Ua like ia me kahi tunnel liʻiliʻi.

2. Optic chiasm: He hui koʻikoʻi loa kēia ma ke ʻano o ka leka "Y". Maanei kahi e hui pū ai nā olonā nerve e puka mai ana mai nā maka ʻelua. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, maanei kekahi o nā olonā nerve e puka mai ana mai nā maka ʻelua e hoʻololi. ʻO ia hoʻi, kekahi mau olonā e puka mai ana mai ka maka ʻākau e hele i ka hema, a kekahi mau olonā e puka mai ana mai ka maka hema e hele i ka ʻākau. E noʻonoʻo i ʻelua mau alanui e hui pū ana, a hele pololei kekahi mau kaʻa, a huli kekahi i kekahi ʻaoʻao. He mea nui loa kēia hoʻololi. No ka mea, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai i ka lolo ke hoʻohui i nā kiʻi e puka mai ana mai nā maka ʻelua a hōʻike mai iā mākou i hoʻokahi kiʻi maopopo. Inā ʻaʻole, e ʻike mākou i nā mea āpau i ʻelua!

3. Lolo:Ma hope o ka hui ʻana ma ka optic chiasm, komo kēia mau olonā aʻalolo i ka lolo. Hele pololei lākou i ka visual cortex ma ka occipital lobe ma ke kua o ka lolo. Maanei mākou e "hana" ai i ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻomaopopo iā ia.

Ma kēia ʻano, ma ke ala i ka cortex ʻike maka, he helu liʻiliʻi loa o nā olonā nerve e lālā pū ana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hele kēia mau mea i ka cortex ʻike maka. Akā, kōkua lākou i kekahi mau hana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe i loko o ko mākou kino.

He aha nā hana ʻē aʻe o ke aʻalolo optic?

Ma waho aʻe o ke kōkua nui ʻana iā mākou e ʻike, ʻo kēlā mau olonā liʻiliʻi e lālā ana mai ke aʻalolo optic e ʻae iā mākou e hana i nā mea ʻē aʻe.

• Nā pane ʻana o ka haumāna: Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i ka wā e hōʻike koke ʻia ai ʻoe i ka mālamalama ʻālohilohi, e emi ana ka haumāna (ka pōʻai liʻiliʻi ma waenakonu o ke apo ʻeleʻele o ka maka). Ke hoʻi ʻoe i ka pouli, e hoʻonui ʻia. ʻO kēia ke kāohi i ka nui o ka mālamalama e komo ana i ka maka. No ka mea, pono e hana koke ʻia kēia, ua māhele ʻia nā olonā i komo i kēia kaʻina hana ma mua o ko lākou hiki ʻana i ka cortex ʻike maka.
• ʻO ke ʻano o ka lens accommodation: Hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka lens i loko o ka maka ke nānā ʻoe i kahi mea kokoke iā ʻoe a i kahi mea mamao paha. Kōkua nā ʻiʻo i loko o ke kino ciliary i kēia. Hoʻāla ʻia kēia mau ʻiʻo e nā hōʻailona mai ke aʻalolo optic. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i ka maka ke kālele i kekahi mamao.
• ʻO ke ʻano Circadian: ʻO kēia ka "uaki olaola" o ko mākou kino. Hoʻomalu kēia uaki i nā mea he nui, me kā mākou pōʻaiapuni hiamoe-ala, ke koko, ka mahana o ke kino, a me nā pae kō koko. ʻO kekahi mau olonā e lālā ana mai ke aʻalolo optic e haʻi aku i ka lolo e pili ana i ka mālamalama a lākou e ʻike ai. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o ka lolo o ka poʻe i kēia ʻike e hoʻomaopopo i ke ao a me ka pō a mālama i kēia ʻano circadian.

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ʻaʻole wale ke aʻalolo optic he "kaula" e lawe ana i nā mea a kākou e ʻike ai i ka lolo, akā pili ia i nā hana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe i loko o ko kākou kino.

He aha nā maʻi a me nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i ke aʻalolo optic?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hōʻino i kēia aʻalolo makamae. Inā hana ʻia kēlā, hiki i ko kākou ʻike ke lilo i mea ʻino, a nalowale loa paha. E nānā kākou i kekahi o kēia mau kūlana:

• Glaucoma: He ʻano kēia kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai ka wai i loko o ka maka a piʻi aʻe ke kaomi. Hiki i kēia kaomi ke hōʻino i ke aʻalolo optic. ʻAʻole pinepine ia e hōʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona i ka wā mua, no laila pono ʻoe e makaʻala.
• ʻO ka neuropathy optic ischemic mua: Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e ālai ʻia ai nā kīʻaha koko e hoʻolako ana i ke koko i ke aʻalolo optic. Hiki i kēia ke kumu o ka nalowale koke ʻana o ka ʻike.
• Nā ʻano ʻē o ka hānau ʻana: ʻO kēia nā loli i ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻalolo optic i hana ʻia i ka wā hānau.
• ʻO ka atrophy optic:E like me ka make ʻana o ka mea kanu me ka ʻole o ka wai, ke hoʻonele ʻia ke aʻalolo optic i ka lako koko kūpono no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, hiki i ke aʻalolo ke emi a lilo i mea hana ʻole.
• ʻO ke aʻalolo optic coloboma: He ʻano hoʻoilina kēia e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻalolo optic. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​maka ʻelua.
• ʻO ke aʻalolo optic drusen: He mau waihona liʻiliʻi kēia i hana ʻia me nā protein, calcium, a me nā mea momona. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻiliʻili ma ke kua o ka maka, kokoke i ke aʻalolo optic.
• ʻO nā gliomas o ke aʻalolo optic: ʻO nā gliomas he mau puʻupuʻu e hiki ke ulu i loko o ke aʻalolo optic. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole lākou he maʻi kanesa.
• ʻO nā meningiomas optic nerve: He mau ʻōpū lolohi kēia e ulu lohi ana, ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻi ʻaʻai, akā hiki ʻole ke hōʻeha nui i ka ʻike.
• ʻO ka neuritis optic: Hiki i ke aʻalolo optic ke pehu a mumū ma muli o kekahi mau maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi autoimmune e like me ka sclerosis maha (MS).
• Papilledema: Ke piʻi ka kaomi i loko o ka lolo ma muli o nā kūlana e like me ka puʻupuʻu lolo, ka ʻeha o ka lolo, a i ʻole ka meningitis, hiki i ke aʻalolo optic ke pehu.
• ʻO ka maʻi neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): ʻO kēia ka manawa e hoʻouka hewa ai ko mākou ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī i ke aʻalolo optic a me ke kaula spinal.

He aha nā hōʻailona maʻamau o nā maʻi o ke aʻalolo optic?

Ke loaʻa kahi pilikia me ke aʻalolo optic, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻano hōʻailona like ʻole. Aia ia i ke kūlana kumu. Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona ke lilo i manawa pōkole, aʻo kekahi e mau loa paha. Eia kekahi o nā hōʻailona maʻamau:

• Nā kiko ʻeleʻele (Scotomas) ma ka ʻike.
• ʻIke pōwehiwehi.
• ʻO ka makapō kala ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala.
• Ke ʻike ʻana i ʻelua mau mea i ka manawa hoʻokahi (Diplopia).
• ʻEha a ʻoluʻolu ʻole paha ka maka.
• Ka pehu ʻana o nā maka.
• ʻIke ʻana i nā kukui e ʻālohilohi ana i mua o nā maka (Photopsias).
• ʻEha poʻo.
• Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi.
• ʻO ka makapō pō (Nyctalopia), ʻo ia hoʻi ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i ka pō.
• Poho hapa o ka ʻike (ʻike haʻahaʻa) a i ʻole ka nalowale piha ʻana o ka ʻike.
• Ua emi ka ʻike ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao peripheral.
• Ka nalowale koke ʻana o ka ʻike.
• Nā hemahema o ke kahua ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻāpana o ka laulā piha o ka ʻike.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​he mea nui loa e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

Pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke pale i ko mākou mau aʻalolo optic?

Aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā kākou ke hana e pale i ko kākou mau maka a me nā aʻalolo optic. ʻO ka hahai ʻana i kēia mau mea hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e mālama i ka ʻike maikaʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi.

• E hoʻāʻo maka maʻamau: ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe i nā aniani, e ʻike i ke kauka maka ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki e nānā i kou mau maka. He maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia o ke aʻalolo optic inā ʻike mua ʻia.
• E mālama i ke kaumaha olakino: Hiki i ka momona ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, kahi mea e hōʻino ai hoʻi i ke aʻalolo optic.
• E kiʻi i nā meaolaola e pono ai kou mau aʻalolo: He mea nui nā wikamina B1, B6, B12, a me ke keleawe no nā aʻalolo olakino. He mea nui e ʻai i ka meaʻai kaulike.
• E kāohi i nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i ke kahe koko, ke olakino o ka lolo, ka ʻike, a me nā aʻalolo: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, e kāohi pono iā lākou.
• E pale i nā huahana paka: ʻAʻole wale ka puhi paka (nā cigarette, beedis), akā, ʻo ka paka uahi ʻole (ka nau ʻana i ka paka, ka nau ʻana i ka paka) a me ka "vaping" he mea ʻino ia i nā maka a me ke aʻalolo optic. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ana, e hoʻōki, a inā ua hoʻomaka ʻoe, mai hoʻomaka.
• E pale i kou poʻo a me kou mau maka: E kau i ke kāʻei noho i ka wā e holo ana i loko o ke kaʻa. E kau i ka mahiole a me nā maka aniani palekana i ka wā e pāʻani ana i nā haʻuki a i ʻole e hana ana me nā mīkini.
• E pale i kou mau maka mai ka pōʻino: E ʻaʻahu i nā aniani maka ke hele ʻoe i waho i ka lā. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i ka hopena ma kou mau maka.

Āhea mākou e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi loli mālie o kou ʻike, ka nui o ka ʻeha o ka maka, a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike (no ka laʻana, ka ʻike pōwehiwehi, ka ʻike pālua), e ʻike pono i kahi kauka maka a i ʻole kāu kauka ʻohana.

ʻOi aku hoʻi, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi loli koke i kou ʻike, a inā nalowale kou ʻike, a ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ma mua, pono ʻoe e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau. He pilikia paha ia.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

Ua like ke aʻalolo optic me ke "uea ʻikepili" e hoʻopili ai i ko kākou mau maka i ko kākou lolo. ʻAʻole paha kākou e ʻike i kona waiwai a hiki i ka wā e hana pono ai. Akā, aia wale nō ke hewa kekahi mea me ia, a laila kākou e ʻike ai i kona waiwai nui.

Nui nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale i ke olakino o kou aʻalolo optic. No laila, ʻo kou kuleana ke mālama i kou mau maka.

Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i nā loli i kou ʻike a i ʻole nā ​​​​ala e mālama ai i kou ʻike olakino, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me kahi loea maka. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua iā ʻoe a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ke alakaʻi e pono ai. E hoʻomanaʻo, he mea nui ka nerve optic olakino no ka ʻike maopopo ʻana i ka honua nani!

ʻAʻalolo maka , ʻAʻalolo maka, ʻIke maka, Lolo, Ola kino o ka maka, Glaucoma