ʻO ka lumi hoʻomalu huna o ka lolo: E aʻo wale kākou e pili ana i ka Basal Ganglia!

He wahi kupaianaha loa ko kākou lolo, ʻeā? Ua like ia me kahi kamepiula nui. Hana kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o kēia lolo i kahi hana ʻokoʻa. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi hui o nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i kahi hohonu iki i loko o ka lolo, akā he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko lākou. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e kapa aku nei ʻo Basal Ganglia . Malia paha ʻaʻole ʻoe i lohe i kēia inoa ma mua. Akā, ʻaʻole pilikia, e kamaʻilio wale kākou e pili ana i kēia lā.

He aha ka Basal Ganglia?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā ganglia basal he hui o nā ʻano hana kūikawā e kokoke ana i ke kikowaena o kou lolo e hana pū ana. E noʻonoʻo iā lākou he hui liʻiliʻi i loko o kou lolo. ʻO ka hana nui o kēia hui ke kōkua i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻike ma waena o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kou lolo. Hana lākou e like me ke alahaka, e hoʻopili ana i nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā hana koʻikoʻi a lākou e hana ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hōʻailona a kou lolo e hoʻouna ai e hoʻoneʻe i kou mau ʻiʻo . Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻoe i kou lima, hele, a kamaʻilio paha, kōkua nā ganglia basal i nā hōʻailona e kahe pono.

He aha ka mea e hana maoli ana ma ka Basal Ganglia?

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ganglia basal ma mua o kou manaʻo. ʻIke mākou i ka hapa nui e pili ana iā lākou no ka kaohi ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana, akā pili pū lākou i nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei nā kauka a me nā ʻepekema i kā lākou mau hana āpau.

1. Ke kāohi nei i ko mākou neʻe ʻana o ke kino

ʻO kēia ka hana nui a ʻike nui ʻia o ka basal ganglia. ʻO nā basal ganglia kahi ʻāpana nui o ka pūnaewele o nā hunaola nerve i loko o ka lolo e kāohi ana i nā neʻe āpau āu e hana ai me ka ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā neʻe manawaleʻa. E noʻonoʻo, ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe e hana i kekahi mea, hoʻouna kou lolo i kahi hōʻailona e pili ana iā ia. Ke hele nei kēia hōʻailona ma o ka basal ganglia, nānā lākou inā "pololei" a "hewa" paha kēia hōʻailona . Ua like ia me ka puka.

• ʻO nā hōʻailona e pono ai: E hoʻokuʻu iā ia. A laila hele kēlā hōʻailona i ka ʻiʻo pili a hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēlā neʻe.
• Nā hōʻailona pono ʻole a hewa paha: Ua ālai ʻia a hoʻohuli ʻia paha. ʻO ia ke kumu ke neʻe ʻoe i hoʻokahi ʻiʻo, ʻo nā ʻiʻo kokoke ʻē aʻe i pili ʻole iā ia e waiho ʻia me ka neʻe ʻole.

Loaʻa pū i nā ganglia basal ka ʻike mai kou mau manaʻo ʻelima (nā maka, nā pepeiao, ka ihu, ke alelo, a me ka ʻili). Hoʻohana lākou i kēia ʻike e kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i kāu mau neʻe ʻana i ʻoi aku ka pololei a me ka pololei.

2. Ka hoʻoholo ʻana, ke aʻo ʻana a me nā maʻamau

Ma waho aʻe o ka neʻe ʻana, pili nā ganglia basal i nā mea nui ʻē aʻe he nui.

• Ka hoʻoholo ʻana: Kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e hana i nā mea e like me kēia ke hoʻonohonoho ʻoe i kahi pahuhopu a noʻonoʻo i nā pilikia e pili ana.
• Nā manaʻo a me ka hoʻoikaika:Pili pū kēia i kou mau manaʻo a me kou makemake e hana i kekahi mea.
• Ke aʻo ʻana a me nā maʻamau: Ke aʻo ʻoe i kahi mea hou, hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻamau maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha me ka hana o ka Basal Ganglia. He mea nui kēia i ka wā e hana ana ʻoe i kahi hoʻolālā a i ka wā e hoʻokō ana ʻoe.

3. Manaʻo hauʻoli a me nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa

Ma muli o ka pili ʻana o ka basal ganglia me nā mea e like me nā manaʻo, nā hoʻoikaika, a me nā maʻamau, kōkua pū lākou i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i kou manaʻo e uku ʻia ke hana ʻoe i kahi mea a pehea ʻoe e koi ai e pale aku i kahi mea.

Ua lilo nā kānaka i mea hoʻopili i nā mea e like me ka puhi paka a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea ua pili ka basal ganglia i ka ʻōnaehana uku o ka lolo. ʻO ia hoʻi, he hopena ko lākou i nā kūlana e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana.

ʻAuhea maoli kēia mau mea i loko o ka lolo? He aha ka mea i hana ʻia ai lākou?

ʻAʻole hoʻokahi ʻano o ka basal ganglia i loko o ka lolo. He hōʻiliʻili ia o kekahi mau ʻano i loaʻa ma waenakonu o ka lolo, ʻoi aku ka hohonu. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻo nā mea nui ka 'Caudate nucleus', 'Globus pallidus', a me 'Putamen'. Ma waho aʻe o kēlā, ʻo nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ka 'Subthalamic nucleus' a me 'Substantia nigra' no kēia ʻōnaehana. E noʻonoʻo iā ia e like me kahi '(papa kaapuni)' i loko o kahi mea uila. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka basal ganglia kekahi i kekahi a hana ma ka hana ʻana i nā pilina me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka lolo. Hāʻawi kekahi mau pilina i nā hōʻailona e hoʻomaka i kahi hana (excitatory) , aʻo nā pilina ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona e hoʻōki i kahi hana (inhibitory) . Hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona ma o nā kemika kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo neurotransmitters . Pehea ka nui? ʻO kēia mau basal ganglia a pau e lawe i kahi o 10 cubic centimeters o ka hakahaka. ʻO ia ka nui o kahi pōpō pāʻani maʻamau . ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi lākou, hana nui lākou, ʻeā? He aha kā lākou i hana ʻia ai? ʻOiai ʻo ka inoa "basal ganglia" e ʻōlelo ana he "ganglia," ʻaʻole wale nā ​​​​ganglia i loko o lākou, aia pū kekahi mau nuclei. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi:

• Nā Nuclei: he mau hui o nā pūnaewele nerve e hana ana i ka hana like a i ʻole e pili ana i nā wahi like i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve.
• ʻO Ganglia: Nā hui o nā pūnaewele nerve e pili ana kekahi i kekahi a hana like.

ʻO kēia mau nuclei a me nā ganglia i hana ʻia me ʻelua ʻano nui o nā cell: 1. Neurons: ʻO kēia nā cell nerve. Lawe kēia mau neurons i ka ʻike a hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona i loko o ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i nā hōʻailona uila a me nā kemika. ʻO nā ʻāpana nui o kahi neuron ʻo ke kino cell, ka axon lōʻihi e like me ke kumu e lawe ana i nā hōʻailona, ​​​​a me nā dendrites e like me ka lālā e loaʻa ana nā hōʻailona mai nā neurons ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopuni ʻia kekahi mau axons e kahi ʻūpā pale i kapa ʻia ʻo myelin, ka mea e wikiwiki ai i nā hōʻailona. 2. Nā cell Glial: ʻO kēia nā cell e kōkua i nā neurons a hana ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo no lākou. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou e lawe i nā hōʻailona e like me nā neurons, he mea nui loa kēia mau cell glial no ka ulu ʻana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka pale ʻana o nā neurons. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻumi manawa ka nui o nā cell glial ma mua o nā neurons i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve.

He aha nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i nā ganglia basal?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, aia kekahi mau kūlana olakino e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kēia ʻāpana koʻikoʻi. ʻO kekahi o lākou:

• Nā mea ʻona
• ka maʻi o Alzheimer
• Ka maʻi hyperactivity nele i ka nānā ʻana (ADHD)
• nā puʻupuʻu lolo (cancerous a me noncancerous)
• Ka lāʻau make kalapona monoxide
• Nā ʻeha poʻo, ʻoiai nā ʻeha lolo traumatic
• Ka ʻai ʻana i nā metala kaumaha (e like me ka mercury , ke kēpau) a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻawahia ʻē aʻe (ka lāʻau make metala kaumaha)
• Nā maʻi (ʻoi aku ka maʻi e pili ana i ka lolo, e like me ka encephalitis)
• Ka maʻi o Huntington
• ʻO ka dementia kino Lewy
• ʻO ka sclerosis lehulehu
• ka maʻi o Parkinson
• Hahau
• ʻO ka maʻi Tourette
• ka maʻi o Wilson

He mea weliweli paha kēia papa inoa, akā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau kēia mau maʻi a pau. He mea nui e makaʻala.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā he pilikia me kēia mau mea? (Nā hōʻailona)

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona ma muli o ke kūlana e hoʻopilikia ana i ka basal ganglia. No ka laʻana, ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia ma ka maʻi Parkinson mai nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia ma ka lāʻau make carbon monoxide. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau:

• Nā pilikia kaulike a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana: Ke kūpikipikiʻō nei i ka wā e hele ana, hiki ʻole ke kaohi pono i nā lālā.
• Ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, ka ʻoʻoleʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​spasms.
• Nā haʻalulu.
• Nā pilikia ʻike.
• ʻŌlelo ʻūlū.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​he mea nui loa e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau .

Pehea e nānā ai i ke olakino o nā ganglia basal?

Inā kānalua ke kauka i kahi pilikia me ka basal ganglia, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole e hōʻoia iā ia. ʻO kekahi o lākou:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko: Hiki i kēia ke ʻike i nā mea e like me nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana pale a me nā mea ʻawahia (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā metala e like me ke keleawe, mercury, a me ke kēpau).
• ʻO ke kiʻi CT `(Tomography kamepiula - CT scan)`
• Hoʻāʻo EEG (electroencephalogram - EEG)
• Hoʻāʻo EMG (Electromyogram - EMG)
• Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka genetics
• ʻO ke kiʻi MRI `(Kiʻi resonance magnetic - MRI)`
• ʻO ka tomography hoʻopuka Positron (PET scan)

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia mau kūlana?

ʻOkoʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ka basal ganglia ma muli o ka maʻi. ʻAʻohe lāʻau hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia maʻi. Hiki ke mālama ʻia kekahi mau maʻi me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Pono paha kekahi i ke ʻoki kino a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia ka maʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā hōʻailona a hoʻomaʻalahi i ke ola.

Pehea e mālama ai i ke olakino o nā ganglia basal? (Ka pale ʻana)

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iā kākou ke pale aku i nā maʻi āpau e hoʻopilikia ana i ka basal ganglia, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā kākou ke hana e pale aku ai i nā mea he nui o lākou. ʻO ka mea nui ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o ka lolo a me ke kino holoʻokoʻa.

• E ʻai i ka meaʻai kaulike: Hiki i ka nele o nā huaora a me nā minelala ke hoʻopilikia i ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve. Eia kekahi, hiki i kāu meaʻai ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino o kāu ʻōnaehana kahe koko. ʻO nā kūlana e like me ka hahau ʻana i hana ʻia e nā pilikia me ka puʻuwai a me ka ʻōnaehana kahe koko.
• E noho kino a mālama i ke kaumaha olakino: Hiki i kou kaumaha a me kou pae hana ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka lolo, ʻoiai nā pilikia kahe koko e like me ke koko kiʻekiʻe.
• E komo i nā lako pale i ka wā e pono ai: ​​ʻO nā ʻeha poʻo, ʻoiai nā haʻalulu a me nā ʻeha lolo traumatic, hiki ke hōʻino i ka basal ganglia a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka lolo. Hiki i kēia mau ʻeha ke koʻikoʻi a mau loa. No laila, he mea nui e komo i nā lako pale e like me nā mahiole ma ka hana, i ka wā e pāʻani ana, a i ka wā e holo paikikala ana.
• E mālama i kou mau maʻi mau loa: ʻO nā maʻi lōʻihi e like me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka lolo. ʻO ka mālama pono ʻana i kēia mau maʻi e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻōki a hoʻopaneʻe paha i ko lākou ʻino ʻana.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, he aha nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai! (Leka Lawe-Home)

He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi a ikaika hoʻi nā ganglia basal o ko kākou lolo. Hoʻopilikia ke ʻano o kā lākou hana i nā ʻano he nui o ko kākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā - mai ke ʻano o ko kākou neʻe ʻana, a hiki i ke ʻano o kā kākou hoʻoholo ʻana, a hiki i ko kākou manaʻo. Ke aʻo hou nei nā kānaka ʻepekema e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano liʻiliʻi akā paʻakikī. Me ka holomua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻenehana, ke holomua nei ko kākou ʻike iā lākou. I ka piʻi ʻana o kēia ʻike, hiki i nā kauka ke loaʻa nā ala hou e ʻike ai a mālama i nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ka ganglia basal.

No laila, mai poina e kōkua pū ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o kou lolo i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o kēia mau ganglia basal! ʻO ke ola ʻana i kahi nohona olakino ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai.