He aha kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana i kēia wahi kupaianaha i loko o ka umauma (ka mediastinum)? E kamaʻilio kākou me nā kikoʻī!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea e mālama pono ʻia ai kou puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko nui i loko o kou umauma? He wahi koʻikoʻi ka mediastinum e kōkua ai e mālama pono iā ia, e like me ka hale. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he wahi koʻikoʻi loa ia i loko o ko kākou lua umauma, ma waena o nā māmā ʻelua. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia me nā kikoʻī hou aku i kēia lā.

He aha ka Mediastinum?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kou mediastinum ka hakahaka i loko o kou umauma. Aia i loko kou puʻuwai a me kekahi mau ʻano koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻO kou lua umauma, a i ʻole ka lua thoracic, ua hana ʻia me ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka lua pleural hema, nona kou māmā hema, a me ka lua pleural ʻākau, nona kou māmā ʻākau. ʻO ka hakahaka ma waena o kēlā mau lua pleural ʻelua ka mea a mākou e kapa nei ʻo mediastinum. He wahi koʻikoʻi loa ia, ʻeā?

He aha nā ʻano hana i loko o ka mediastinum?

Nui nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o kou mediastinum, me nā ʻōkana a me nā kīʻaha koko. E nānā kākou i ko lākou ʻano.

Nā kino i loko o ka mediastinum:

• ʻEsophagus : Ke ʻai ʻoe, hele ka meaʻai mai kou puʻu a i kou ʻōpū ma o ka esophagus, a i ʻole ka paipu meaʻai e like me kā mākou e kapa nei. Hele pū ia ma o kēia mediastinum.
• Puʻuwai : Aia ka puʻuwai, ka mea e pamu i ke koko ma ko mākou kino holoʻokoʻa, ma waenakonu o kēia mediastinum. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe aia kahi uhi pale e like me ka ʻeke a puni ka puʻuwai, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pericardium ?
• Thymus: He gland kēia e kōkua ai i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. Hana nui ia i ka wā ʻōpiopio, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o ka wā ʻōpiopio. Aia ia ma ka ʻaoʻao luna, mua o ka mediastinum.
• Trachea : Aia ka ʻōpū hanu, a i ʻole bronchi, e kōkua iā mākou e hanu ma ke alo pono o ka esophagus. Holo ia mai ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī a i loko o ka umauma, a laila māhele ʻia i ʻelua a hele i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o nā māmā.

Nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ka mediastinum:

• ʻAʻa brachiocephalic hema: Kōkua kēia aʻa i ka lawe ʻana i ke koko mai ka ʻaoʻao hema o ko mākou kino luna i ka puʻuwai. Hoʻopili pololei ia i kahi aʻa nui i kapa ʻia ʻo ka vena cava kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO ka vena cava kiʻekiʻe:He aa koko nui kēia e lawe ana i ke koko mai ke kino o luna a i ka puʻuwai. Hoʻopili pololei ʻia ia i ka atrium ʻākau, ke keʻena ʻākau o luna o ka puʻuwai.
• ʻO ke kumu o ka puʻuwai: Hoʻopili kēia kīʻaha koko i ka ventricle ʻākau o ka puʻuwai ma kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka valve pulmonary. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puʻuwai, māhele ʻia ia i nā aʻa pulmonary ʻākau a me hema, e lawe ana i ke koko i nā māmā e loaʻa ai ka oxygen.
• ʻAorta Thoracic: ʻO ke aʻa nui loa i loko o ko kākou kino, ʻo ia ka aorta . ʻO ia ka mea e lawe i ke koko i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka oxygen i nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻiʻo a pau o ke kino. Hoʻopili ia i ka ventricle hema o ka puʻuwai ma ka valve aortic. Mai laila mai, hele ia ma o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka ʻāpana e hele ana ma o ka umauma, ʻo ia ka thoracic aorta, aia ma ka mediastinum. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻāpana, no ka laʻana, ka ascending aorta, ke aortic arch, a me ka descending thoracic aorta.

ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i loko o ka mediastinum:

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau mea nui, aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe ma kēia wahi:

• Nā ʻiʻo momona a me nā mea pili
• Nā kikowaena lymph
• Nā aʻalolo
• ʻAuwaha ʻōpū
• ʻO ka iwi kuamoʻo Thoracic (ʻāpana o ka iwi kuamoʻo e pili ana i ka umauma)

He aha nā hana o ka mediastinum?

ʻAe, he aha ka mea e hana ʻia i kēia mediastinum? He aha ke koʻikoʻi o kēia?

• E like me ka home no ka puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko nui: Hana ia ma ke ʻano he wahi palekana a paʻa no nā kīʻaha koko nui e pili pono ana i ka puʻuwai a lawe i ke koko i loko a i waho, a no ka puʻuwai hoʻi.
• Hāʻawi i ka palekana: Mālama ka thymus i nā ʻōpū koʻikoʻi e like me ka puʻuwai. Hana ka ʻiʻo momona a me nā ʻiʻo hoʻohui i loko o ka mediastinum ma ke ʻano he uluna a puni kēia mau ʻōpū. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka sternum, a i ʻole 'iwi umauma waena ', ma ke alo o ko kākou umauma, hāʻawi i ka palekana hou aku i kēia wahi koʻikoʻi.
• Hana ma ke ʻano he alahele: E noʻonoʻo e like me ke kahua kaʻaahi koʻikoʻi . Hana ka mediastinum ma ke ʻano he alahele no nā mea (e like me ka meaʻai a me ka hanu) e neʻe i mua a i hope ma waena o ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, a ma waena o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. No ka laʻana, lawe ka esophagus i ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu mai ka puʻu a i ka ʻōpū ma o kēia mediastinum.

Aia i hea ka mediastinum?

I kēia manawa ua ʻike pono ʻoe i kahi o ka mediastinum. Aia ia ma waenakonu o ka umauma, ma waena o nā māmā ʻelua.ʻO ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo Latina "mediastinum" ʻo ia hoʻi "waena". Penei kona mau palena:

• Palena kiʻekiʻe: Kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī.
• Palena haʻahaʻa: ʻO ka diaphragm. ʻO kēia ka ʻiʻo nui e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lua o ka umauma mai ka lua o ka ʻōpū.
• Palena mua: ʻO ka sternum, a i ʻole ka iwi waena o ka umauma.
• Palena hope: iwi kuamoʻo.
• Nā palena ʻaoʻao: ʻO nā ʻeke pleural e hoʻopuni ana i nā māmā hema a me ka ʻākau.

He aha nā ʻāpana o ka mediastinum?

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou i nā ʻāpana o kēia mediastinum. Ua māhele ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāpana. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea e nā kauka he 'compartments'. Nui nā ala e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kēia mau mea. ʻO ka mea nui āu e hoʻomanaʻo ai, hiki ke māhele ʻia ka mediastinum i ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mau keʻena. A ʻo kēlā mau inoa e pili ana i kahi o kēlā mau ʻāpana o ka umauma.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana maʻamau ʻehā ʻāpana

Wahi a kēia ʻōnaehana kahiko a kuʻuna, ua māhele ʻia ka mediastinum i ʻehā ʻāpana:

• ʻO ka mediastinum kiʻekiʻe: ʻO ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma luna o ka puʻuwai.
• ʻO ka mediastinum mua: ʻO ka ʻāpana ma mua o ka puʻuwai. Ma waena o ka puʻuwai a me ka sternum.
• Middle mediastinum: ʻO ka ʻāpana i loko o ka puʻuwai.
• Posterior mediastinum: ʻO ka ʻāpana ma hope o ka puʻuwai.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma nā kiʻi X-ray. No laila, nānā ia i ka puʻuwai ma nā ana ʻelua (2D).

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ITMIG ʻekolu ʻāpana

Ua hoʻolauna ka International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) i kēia ʻōnaehana ʻekolu ʻāpana hou. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ke kiʻi ʻokiʻoki (CT scans) a he ʻike ʻekolu-dimensional (3D) o ka puʻuwai. Wahi a kēia ʻōnaehana, ua māhele ʻia ka mediastinum i ʻekolu ʻāpana: 1. ʻĀpana Prevascular: Aia kēia ma mua o ka puʻuwai, ma waena o ka puʻuwai a me ka iwi umauma. Loaʻa iā ia:

• Momona
• ʻAʻa brachiocephalic hema
• Nā kikowaena lymph
• ʻO ka Timus

2. Keʻena visceral: ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana waena, kahi i loaʻa ai ka puʻuwai. He aha ka mea i loko:

• ʻEsophagus (ʻāpana o ia mea)
• Puʻuwai
• Nā kikowaena lymph
• ʻO ke kumu o ka puʻuwai
• ʻO ka vena cava kiʻekiʻe
• ʻO ka aorta ʻōpū
• ʻAuwaha ʻōpū
• ʻO Trachea (ʻāpana o ia mea)

3. Keʻena Paravertebral:Aia kēia ma hope o ka puʻuwai, ma waena o ka puʻuwai a me ke kuamoʻo. Loaʻa iā ia:

• Nā ʻiʻo palupalu paravertebral
• ʻO ke kuamoʻo ʻūhā

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole he wahi pālahalaha ka mediastinum, he wahi ʻekolu-dimensional (3D). Ua like ia me kahi diorama āu e kūkulu ai i loko o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā mea i loko e kōkua i ko mākou kino e hana pono. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻiʻo i loko o ka mediastinum, a hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia kaulike palupalu.

He aha nā kūlana maʻamau e hoʻopilikia ai i ka mediastinum?

Hiki i nā ʻano kūlana like ʻole ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōkana a me nā ʻiʻo i loko o ka mediastinum. Hoʻomaka kekahi o lākou i loko o ka mediastinum ponoʻī, e like me nā puʻupuʻu mua a i ʻole nā ​​cysts i piha i ka wai. I kekahi manawa, hiki i kahi maʻi, e like me ke kanesa, ke laha i ka mediastinum mai kahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hiki i nā maʻi ʻōnaehana e hoʻopilikia i ke kino holoʻokoʻa ke hoʻopilikia i ka mediastinum. ʻO kekahi o nā kūlana e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka mediastinum:

• Ka ʻoki ʻana o ke aorta
• Tamponade puʻuwai
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū
• ʻO ka goiter
• Maʻi puʻuwai
• Lymphoma ( ʻaʻai o ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic)
• Nā puʻupuʻu mediastinal
• Mediastinitis ( ka pehu ʻana a i ʻole ka maʻi o ka mediastinum)
• ʻO Myasthenia gravis (nāwaliwali o ke kino)
• ʻO ka aneurysm aortic thoracic (ka pehu ʻana o ka ʻāpana thoracic o ka aorta)

He ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia mau maʻi. Inā kānalua ʻoe e pili ana i kahi maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu kauka e aʻo hou e pili ana i ia mea.

He aha ka Mediastinum i hoʻonui ʻia?

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kekahi manawa i nā kauka e ʻōlelo ana ua "hoʻonui ʻia" ka mediastinum ma hope o kahi X-ray. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, i ka nānā ʻana mai ke kua a i ke alo (ʻike anteroposterior) ma kahi X-ray, ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ma mua o 8 kenimika. He hōʻailona lapaʻau kēia a ke kauka e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole he maʻi . Hiki i kahi mediastinum ākea ke hōʻike i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Ka ʻoki ʻana o ke aorta
• Nā haki iwi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka iwi kuamoʻo (vertebral)
• Tamponade puʻuwai
• ʻO ka puʻupuʻu mediastinal
• ʻO ka maʻi Mediastinitis
• ʻO ka aneurysm aortic thoracic

He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia e nānā i ke olakino o ka mediastinum?

Hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻokolohua e like me kēia e nānā ai i ka mediastinum:

• X-ray umauma
• ʻO ke kiʻi CT (Computer tomography (CT) scan)
• ʻO ke kiʻi MRI (ʻO ke kiʻi resonance magnetic (MRI))
• Mediastinoscopy ( hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kahi kāmela liʻiliʻi)
• Hoʻokolokolo Ultrasound

Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i kēia mau hoʻokolohua e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ke kumu o kāu mau hōʻailona a i ʻole e nānā i kahi maʻi i ʻike mua ʻia. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua āu e makemake ai, no ke aha ʻoe e makemake ai iā lākou, a pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai no lākou.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke mālama i ke olakino o kaʻu mediastinum?

Ma ka hahai ʻana i kahi nohona olakino, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale iā ʻoe iho mai nā ʻano maʻi he nui e hoʻopilikia ana i ka mediastinum. Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maʻalahi e kōkua iā ʻoe:

• E pale i ka puhipaka a me nā huahana paka āpau. E ʻimi i ka ʻōlelo aʻo a me ke kākoʻo mai kāu kauka e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka puhipaka.
• E ʻai i ka meaʻai olakino no ka puʻuwai. E ʻai i nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā legume, a me nā palaoa piha. E hōʻemi i ka ʻaila, ka paʻakai, a me ke kō.
• E hoʻoikaika kino mau. He manaʻo maikaʻi e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻoikaika kino hou.
• E kaupalena a hoʻōki loa paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona .
• E lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia iā ʻoe me ka pololei a me ka manawa kūpono.
• E hele i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau makahiki . Ma kēlā ala, inā he pilikia, hiki ke ʻike mua ʻia.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

No laila, ke manaʻolana nei au ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi manaʻo maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka mediastinum, nā mea i loko, a me kona koʻikoʻi.

He wahi koʻikoʻi loa ka mediastinum i loko o ko kākou umauma, ma waena o nā māmā, e paʻa ana a pale ana i ka puʻuwai a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa pinepine, noʻonoʻo mākou i nā ʻōkana nui i loko, e like me ka puʻuwai, akā hiki iā mākou ke poina i kēia wahi i kapa ʻia ʻo mediastinum.

Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui loa ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mediastinum a me nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia e nā kauka, ʻoiai inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea kokoke iā ʻoe me kēia maʻi. Inā he mau nīnau hou kāu e pili ana i ka mediastinum a pehea e pili ai i kou olakino, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. E hauʻoli lākou e wehewehe i nā mea āpau āu e pono ai e ʻike.