Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe inā e hana mau ana ko kākou kino i ke koko hou? ʻAe, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo kēia ka mea a kākou e kapa nei he hematopoiesis. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kēia ke kaʻina hana kupaianaha e hana ai ko kākou kino i nā hunaola koko, a i ʻole nā hunaola koko. E like me ka hoʻolei ʻana i kahi kaʻa kahiko a kūʻai i kahi mea hou, ke wehe mau nei ko kākou kino i nā hunaola koko kahiko a hana i nā hunaola koko hou ma ko lākou wahi. Penei ke ʻano o ko kākou kino e mālama ai i ka lako mau o ke koko. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha? Hoʻomaka kēia kaʻina hana ma mua o ko kākou hānau ʻia ʻana a hoʻomau i ko kākou ola a pau.
He aha ka hematopoiesis? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi...
ʻAe, e nānā kākou i ke ʻano o kēia huaʻōlelo ʻo Hematopoiesis. ʻOiai paha he huaʻōlelo ʻē ia, he maʻalahi loa ke ʻano. Loaʻa kēia huaʻōlelo mai ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua mau huaʻōlelo mai ka ʻōlelo Helene mai.
- 'Haîma' (Haima): ʻO ke ʻano o kēia he 'koko' a i ʻole ' ke koko '.
- Poesis (poesis): ʻO ke ʻano kēia o ka 'hana ʻana i kekahi mea' a i ʻole 'hana'.
A laila ke hui pū ʻia kēia mau huaʻōlelo ʻelua, puka mai ka manaʻo o
ke 'hoʻokumu koko' a i ʻole
ka 'hana koko' . He mea maʻalahi loa ke hoʻomaopopo, ʻeā? I kekahi manawa, ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo
hematopoiesis ʻo hemopoiesis, hematogenesis, a i ʻole hemogenesis. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau huaʻōlelo a pau he like ia.
He aha nā ʻano o nā hunaola koko i hana ʻia e ka hematopoiesis?
ʻAʻole i hana ʻia ko kākou koko i nā ʻano like o nā ʻāpana. E like me ka meaʻai e loaʻa ana nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole e like me ka laiki, nā lentil, a me ka iʻa, aia pū kekahi i loko o ko kākou koko nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole. Hoʻopuka ʻia kēia mau ʻano ʻāpana koko a pau ma o ke kaʻina hana o
ka hematopoiesis . E nānā kākou i ko lākou ʻano.
Nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula (Erythrocytes)
ʻO kēia nā ʻano pūnaewele nui loa i loko o ko kākou koko. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻo ka hana nui o nā pūnaewele koko ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia
ke lawe i ka oxygen e komo i loko o nā māmā i ka wā e hanu ai kākou i nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe a puni ke kino. Hana kēia mau pūnaewele e like me ka pahu oxygen. Eia kekahi, kōkua kēia mau pūnaewele koko ʻulaʻula i ka lawe ʻana mai i ke kalapona ʻokikene i hana ʻia i loko o ko kākou kino i nā māmā a hoʻokuʻu iā ia i waho i ka wā e hanu ai kākou. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele koko ʻulaʻula ua kapa ʻia ʻo
erythropoiesis .
Nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo (Leukocytes)
Ua like nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo me nā kiaʻi palekana i loko o ko kākou kino. E like me ka pūʻali koa e pale ana i kahi ʻāina,
pale kēia mau hunaola iā kākou mai nā maʻi ma ke kaua ʻana i nā huakini, e like me nā bacteria a me nā virus, e komo ana i loko o ko kākou kino. ʻAʻole wale ia, kōkua pū kēia mau hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i ka luku ʻana i nā hunaola ʻē e ulu ana i loko o ko kākou kino, e like me nā hunaola kanesa. Ua kapa ʻia ke kaʻina hana e hana ʻia ai nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo.
Leukopoiesis. ʻAʻole hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ke koko keʻokeʻo, akā he mau ʻano nui: I waena o kēia mau mea, he like loa nā hana a nā neutrophils, basophils, a me eosinophils, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he granulocytes . Nā Platelets (a i ʻole Thrombocytes)
Ua like nā platelets me nā kauka liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha liʻiliʻi a hoʻomaka ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, kōkua kēia mau platelets i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko. He mau ʻāpana cell liʻiliʻi kēia e pipili ana. Hōʻuluʻulu lākou ma kahi o ka ʻeha, hana i kahi clot, a sila i ka ʻeha. Ua like ia me ke kau ʻana i kahi plaster. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻole e kahe ke koko mai ko kākou kino me ke kumu ʻole. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i nā platelets ua kapa ʻia ʻo thrombopoiesis . Ma hea e hana ʻia ai kēia kaʻina hana koko?
He nīnau koʻikoʻi loa! ʻO kēia kaʻina hana kupaianaha i kapa ʻia ʻo hematopoiesis e hana nui ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana huʻahuʻa i loko o ko kākou mau iwi. Kāhea mākou i kēia iwi ʻiʻo. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i loko o ka iwi ke ʻai ʻoe i ka moa? Pēlā ke ʻano o kēia iwi ʻiʻo. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke koko ma kēia ʻano i loko o ka iwi ʻiʻo ua kapa ʻia ʻo medullary hematopoiesis . ʻO nā hunaola koko i kūkulu ʻia ma kēia ʻano a laila hele i loko o ko kākou kino ma o ko kākou mau kīʻaha koko. Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i kekahi mau maʻi, hiki ke hana ʻia ke koko ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ko kākou kino ma waho aʻe o ka iwi ʻiʻo, no ka laʻana, i loko o nā ʻōpū e like me ke akepaʻa a me ka spleen . ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke koko ma waho o ka iwi ʻiʻo ma kēia ʻano ua kapa ʻia ʻo extramedullary hematopoiesis . Aia nā loli iki ma kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai kēia koko, ma mua a ma hope o ko kākou hānau ʻia ʻana. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana
Hoʻomaka kēia koko e hana ʻia i ko kākou wā i loko o ka ʻōpū o ko kākou makuahine, ʻo ia hoʻi, he embryo.- ʻO ka mea mua, i loko o nā pule 3 mua o ka hāpai ʻana, hoʻomaka ke ʻano o ke koko ʻulaʻula e hana i loko o kahi ʻano a puni ka embryo i kapa ʻia ʻo ka yolk sac . ʻAʻole i ulu iki kēia mau mea ma mua o nā koko ʻulaʻula a mākou e hana ai i ka wā makua.
- A laila, ma kahi o 2-3 mau mahina o ka hāpai ʻana, hoʻomaka nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula a me nā platelets e hana i loko o ke akepaʻa a me ka spleen. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ke akepaʻa, ka spleen, a me ka thymus gland.
- I ka malama ʻelima o ka hāpai ʻana, hana ʻia ka hapa nui o ke koko i loko o ka iwi iwi. Eia nō naʻe, hana ʻia kekahi ʻano o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ka thymus gland, spleen, a me nā ʻiʻo lymph ʻē aʻe.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana
Ma hope o ko kākou hānau ʻana, mai ka wā kamaliʻi a hiki i ka wā makua, ʻo ka hapa nui o kā kākou hana koko e hana ʻia ma ka iwi iwi. Eia nō naʻe, ulu pū kekahi ʻano kiko koko keʻokeʻo kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphocytes i loko o ko kākou ʻōpū thymus. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau kūlana maʻi, no ka laʻana, inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka iwi iwi ke hana pono i nā kiko koko, hoʻāʻo ko kākou kino e hana hou i ke koko ma nā wahi i hana ʻia ai ke koko ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, e like me ke akepaʻa, ka spleen, a i ʻole nā kiko lymph. Ua like kēia me kahi hoʻolālā i hoʻohana ʻia i kahi pilikia. Pehea e hana ʻia ai ke kaʻina hana o ka hematopoiesis?
He hana paʻakikī loa kēia, akā he hana hoʻonohonoho pono loa. E noʻonoʻo wale i ka nui o nā ʻano hunaola koko like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia mai kahi hunaola kumu hoʻokahi! Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻano hunaola koko āpau kahi hunaola hoʻomaka like. Kāhea mākou i kēia he hunaola kumu hematopoietic (HSC) . Ua like kēia me kahi "hunaola haku." Hoʻomohala mua kēia hunaola HSC i loko o kahi hunaola mua a i ʻole hunaola "pahū" . ʻO kēia hunaola mua kahi hunaola e lilo ana i hunaola koko kikoʻī, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala piha ʻia. A laila, hele kēia hunaola mua i kekahi mau mahele hunaola a me nā loli ma mua o kona lilo ʻana i hunaola koko i hoʻomohala piha ʻia a hana pono. ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana nui o ka hematopoiesis, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano hunaola koko ʻekolu a mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua:- Erythropoiesis: Ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula.
- Leukopoiesis: Ka hana ʻana o nā keʻena koko keʻokeʻo.
- Thrombopoiesis: Ka hana ʻana o nā platelets.
Me kēia mau loli a pau, ua lilo kēlā cell kumu mua (HSC) i mea kūikawā aʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, nalowale ia i nā ʻano o kahi cell kumu a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o kahi cell koko ʻulaʻula, cell koko keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole platelet. Erythropoiesis (Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻula koko ʻulaʻula)
Hana ʻia nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i loko o ko kākou iwi iwi. ʻO ke hunaola koko mua (HSC) e lilo mua i hunaola mua i kapa ʻia he erythroblast . A laila lilo kēia erythroblast i hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ʻōpiopio i kapa ʻia he reticulocyte . ʻO ka hope loa, lilo kēia reticulocyte i hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i piha a hana pono. Pehea e hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo (Leukopoiesis)
ʻAʻole hana ʻia nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo a pau ma ke ʻano like. ʻO nā granulocytes a mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā basophils, eosinophils, a me nā neutrophils - ua hana ʻia ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa iki ma mua o nā monocytes a me nā lymphocytes. Pehea e hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā granulocytes
Hoʻopuka ʻia nā ʻano granulocytes ʻekolu a pau i loko o ka iwi iwi. Ke hana ʻia lākou e kahi cell koko mua (HSC), ulu ia ma ke ala i kapa ʻia ʻo ka laina cell myeloid . ʻO ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo "myeloid" ʻo ia hoʻi "pili i ka iwi iwi." No laila, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau cell no ka mea ua hana ʻia lākou i loko o ka iwi iwi. No ka hana ʻana i granulocyte, lilo mua ka cell HSC i cell precursor i kapa ʻia he myeloblast . A laila lilo kēia myeloblast i myelocyte , ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale hope loa i loko o ka basophil, eosinophil, a i ʻole neutrophil. Pehea e hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā pūnaewele mononuclear
Hoʻopuka ʻia nā monocytes i loko o ka iwi ʻiʻo. ʻO nā lymphocytes - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā cell-B, nā cell-T a me nā cell pepehi kanaka kūlohelohe - hoʻopuka ʻia i loko o ka iwi ʻiʻo a me nā ʻiʻo lymphoid ʻē aʻe, e like me ka thymus gland. No ka laʻana, hoʻokumu ʻia nā lymphocytes i loko o ka iwi ʻiʻo i ka wā ʻōpiopio loa, a laila neʻe i ka thymus gland, kahi e oʻo ai lākou i loko o nā cell-T.- Hoʻomohala nā monocytes ma o ka laina cell myeloid: No ka mea, ua hana ʻia lākou i loko o ka iwi iwi, ulu mua lākou i loko o kahi cell precursor i kapa ʻia he monoblast , a laila wale nō lākou e lilo ai i monocytes piha.
- Hoʻomohala nā lymphocytes ma ka laina cell lymphoid: no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia lākou i loko o nā ʻiʻo lymphoid, e like me ka iwi iwi a me ka thymus gland. No laila, ʻo nā cell HSC e lilo i lymphocytes e ulu aʻe i loko o nā cell precursor i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphoblasts . ʻO kēia nā mea e hoʻokaʻawale hope loa i nā T-cell, B-cell, a i ʻole nā cell pepehi kanaka maoli.
Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka platelet (Thrombopoiesis)
Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka platelet i loko o ka iwi iwi. Maanei, ulu mua kahi cell koko mua (HSC) i loko o kahi cell mua i kapa ʻia he megakaryoblast . A laila ulu kēia megakaryoblast i loko o kahi cell nui i kapa ʻia he megakaryocyte . ʻO ka hope loa, hoʻokumu ʻia nā platelets i ka wā e haki ai nā ʻāpana o kēia megakaryocyte. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha? Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana o kēia hematopoiesis?
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola koko e pili ana i nā pono o kou kino. No ka laʻana, inā maʻi ʻoe, hoʻonui kou kino i kāna hana ʻana o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo e hakakā i nā germs. ʻO ka maʻamau, hana mau ke kaʻina hana o ka hematopoiesis, no ka mea, he ola ko nā hunaola koko. Ke make kekahi hunaola koko, hana ke kino olakino i mea hou e pani ai. ʻO ke ola maʻamau o nā hunaola koko penei:- Nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula: Ola ma kahi o 120 mau lā.
- Nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo: Ola mai kekahi mau hola a i kekahi mau lā.
- Nā Platelets: Ola ma waena o 5 a me 9 mau lā.
No laila, ke hoʻopau mau nei ko mākou kino i kēia mau ʻāpana kahiko a hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hou.
He aha inā he pilikia me ke kaʻina hana hematopoiesis?
He maikaʻi loa ko mākou kino i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka hana ʻana o kēia mau hunaola koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa iā mākou ka nui kūpono o nā hunaola koko. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i kēia kaʻina hana o ka hematopoiesis. Hiki i kēia ke hopena i ka liʻiliʻi o nā hunaola koko i hana ʻia a i ʻole ka nui loa. Inā loli ka helu o nā hunaola koko i kēia ʻano, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano hōʻailona like ʻole a me nā maʻi.- Nā pilikia me nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula:
- Inā emi ka helu o kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, ua kapa ʻia ia he anemia . Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo luhi a nāwaliwali no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka oxygen i nā ʻiʻo o kou kino.
- ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka helu o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ua kapa ʻia ʻo erythrocytosis . I nā hihia akahai, hiki i kēia ke hana i kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ke hoʻomānoanoa i ke koko, e hoʻonui ana i ka pilikia o ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a i ʻole ka hahau ʻana.
- Nā pilikia e pili ana i nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo:
- Inā emi ka helu o kou mau keʻokeʻo koko, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he leukopenia . Hoʻonui kēia i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi.
- ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka helu o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo ua kapa ʻia ʻo leukocytosis . He hōʻailona maʻamau kēia o kahi maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki i ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo ke hōʻailona o kahi maʻi koko a i ʻole ke kanesa.
- Nā pilikia e pili ana i ka platelet:
- Ua kapa ʻia ka helu platelet haʻahaʻa he thrombocytopenia . Hiki i kēia kūlana ke hoʻokahe maʻalahi iā ʻoe a me ka palapū maʻalahi.
- Inā piʻi ka helu platelet, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he thrombocytosis . Hoʻonui kēia i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻūpā koko koʻikoʻi.
He aha nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i ke kaʻina hana o ka hematopoiesis?
Aia kekahi mau kumu e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana o ka hematopoiesis. Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau mea ke loaʻa nā hopena iki, aʻo kekahi hiki ke koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, i ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana, hiki i ka momona ke hōʻiliʻili i loko o ko kākou iwi iwi, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hiki ke hana i ke koko. ʻO nā maʻi e pili ana i ke koko a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai koko , e like me ka leukemia, lymphoma, a me ka myeloma, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola koko. Hoʻoulu kēia mau maʻi i ka hana nui ʻana o nā hunaola koko maʻi ʻole. ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana o ka hematopoiesis, e hōʻemi ana i ka helu o nā hunaola koko. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka chemotherapy, i hoʻohana ʻia e luku i nā hunaola kanesa, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka helu o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he neutropenia . No laila, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻemi i nā hunaola koko ma ke ʻano he hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka mea nui a mākou e makemake ai e lawe i ka home mai kēia moʻolelo (Leka Lawe-Home)
ʻAe, i kēia manawa ua maopopo iā ʻoe ʻo kēia hematopoiesis, ke kaʻina hana o ke koko a mākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā, he mea ia e hana mau ana, he mea nui no ko kākou ola kino a me ke ola ʻana. He mea nui loa kēia lako koko paʻa no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka oxygen i nā ʻiʻo o ko kākou kino a me ka pale ʻana iā kākou mai nā maʻi. E hoʻomanaʻo, hana nui kēia kaʻina hana i loko o ko kākou iwi iwi. Hiki i nā mea he nui e hoʻopilikia i ko kākou olakino ke hoʻopilikia i kēia hiki ke hana koko.
No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ko kākou olakino holoʻokoʻa ma o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai kaulike, ka hoʻoikaika kino, a me ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana kupaianaha o ka hematopoiesis e holo pono ana. Inā he mau nīnau hou kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai makaʻu e kamaʻilio me ke kauka.
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