He ʻike pō maikaʻi ʻole anei kāu? E aʻo hou kākou e pili ana i ka ʻIke Pō!

Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maopopo i nā mea ke hele ʻoe ma ke alanui i ka pō, a i ʻole ke pōʻeleʻele i loko o kou hale? Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa he paʻakikī iki i loko o kahi hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ma kahi me nā kukui haʻahaʻa? No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia " ʻike pō" a i ʻole (e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania) , pehea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai ko mākou mau maka iā ia, a no ke aha i emi ai ka ʻike pō o kekahi poʻe. ʻOiai he pilikia kēia i loaʻa i nā poʻe he nui, e makaʻala kākou i kēia.

He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana i ka pō? ʻO ia anei (Scotopic Vision)?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka ʻike pō ka hiki ke ʻike i nā mea i ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole i ka pōʻeleʻele. Ma nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo Scotopic Vision . ʻO ke kū'ē loa kēia o ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea i ke ao, ma lalo o nā kūlana kukui maikaʻi. Kapa mākou ia he Photopic Vision .

E noʻonoʻo, hana pū ko kākou mau maka a me ka lolo e hana i kēia mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻike. Ua like ia me ka hana hui. I ke ao, i ka mālamalama hana, a i ka pōʻeleʻele, hana pū kēia mau mea ʻelua e hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona uila i nā kiʻi a hōʻike iā lākou iā kākou. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha?

Pehea lā e kōkua ai ko kākou mau maka iā kākou e ʻike i ka pōʻeleʻele?

He paʻakikī loa ko kākou mau maka a he akamai loa hoʻi. E nānā kākou i nā mea e hana ʻia ana i loko o ka maka i ka pō.

Komo ke kukui i loko o ka maka ma o ka cornea, ʻo ia ka membrane i mua o ka maka. Ua like kēia me ka lens. A laila hele kēia kukui ma o kahi lua ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma waenakonu o ka maka. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he pupil , a i ʻole ma Sinhala, ʻo ka ' maka ʻeleʻele '. ʻO ka ʻāpana kala a puni kēia pupil ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka iris , a i ʻole ka 'iris o ka maka'. Hana kēia iris e like me ka ʻiʻo. Ke nui aku ka mālamalama, emi ka pupil , a i ka wā emi ka mālamalama, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka pōʻeleʻele, hoʻonui ka pupil . Hana ia e like me ka lens kāmela.

ʻO ka mea aʻe ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa. I loko o ko kākou mau maka, ma ka retina ponoʻī, aia ʻelua ʻano o nā cell i ʻike i ka mālamalama. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he photoreceptors . ʻO lākou kēia:

• Nā pūnaewele koʻokoʻo
• Nā pūnaewele kone (Nā Kone)

ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele ka mea e hopu i nā ʻāpana mālamalama, a i ʻole nā ​​photons , e komo ana i ka maka, hoʻololi iā lākou i mau hōʻailona uila, a hoʻouna iā lākou i ka lolo. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i ko mākou mau maka ma kahi o 6 miliona mau pūnaewele cone a ma kahi o 120 miliona mau pūnaewele rod! He helu kupaianaha kēlā, ʻeā?

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā koʻokoʻo a me nā cones?

ʻAe, i kēia manawa e nānā kākou i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau cell ʻelua.

• Nā Cone: ʻO kēia nā mea e kōkua iā mākou e ʻike i ke kala. Hana maikaʻi kēia mau cell cone i ke ao a me ka mālamalama maikaʻi. Loaʻa pinepine lākou ma ka retina (Ma waenakonu o ka retina , ma kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo macula .
• Nā Koʻokoʻo: ʻO lākou nā meʻe o kā mākou moʻolelo i kēia lā! ʻO kēia mau cell rod ka mea e kōkua iā mākou e ʻike i nā mea i ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka pōʻeleʻele. Loaʻa pinepine lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao waho o ka retina . ʻO ia ke kumu e loaʻa ai iā mākou ka ʻike peripheral . Akā aia kahi mea liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau cell rod ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala. ʻO ia ke kumu i ka pō e ʻike wale ai mākou i ka ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo a me ka hina hina.

Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o kēia mau cell rod ma kahi o 500 a 1000 mau manawa i ka mālamalama ma mua o nā cell cone! ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke ʻohi i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o ka mālamalama.

No ke aha e hiki ʻole ai i nā kānaka ke ʻike maikaʻi i ka pō e like me nā holoholona?

Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o nā holoholona e like me nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio i ka pō. No ke aha ʻaʻole hiki iā kākou? Nui nā kumu no kēlā.

• He nui aku nā maka o kekahi mau holoholona ma mua o kānaka.
• Eia kekahi, hiki i kā lākou haumāna , a i ʻole ka maka ʻeleʻele, ke hāmama nui aʻe ma mua o kānaka, e ʻae ana i ka mālamalama hou aʻe e komo i ka maka.
• ʻO kekahi mea kūikawā ʻē aʻe, aia i kekahi mau holoholona kahi membrane i kapa ʻia ʻo Tapetum Lucidum i loko o ko lākou mau maka. Hōʻike kēia i ke kukui e komo ana i ka maka i ka retina . Ua like ia me ke aniani. ʻO ia ke kumu e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ka mālamalama i ʻelua manawa. ʻAʻohe o kānaka kēia Tapetum Lucidum .

Pehea e loli ai ko kākou ʻike i ka pō?

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻo nā koʻokoʻo ka mea e hana nui ana i ka pō. No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ke kala, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ke kala i ka pō. ʻEleʻele, keʻokeʻo, a me ka hina wale nō kā mākou e ʻike ai. E like me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo kahiko.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he hiki i ke kanaka me ka ʻike 20/20 i ke ao ke ʻike ma kahi o ʻekolu mile ka mamao, ʻoiai ke kaupalena nei ke kūlou o ka Honua i ko mākou hiki ke ʻike ma ʻō aku o kēlā. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā mea e like me nā hale a me nā hōkū i ʻoi aku ka mamao ma mua o kēlā.

He aha ka makapō pō?

He ʻike pō maikaʻi ʻole ko kekahi poʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoiai i ka pōʻeleʻele, he mea maʻamau ia no kekahi poʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike maopopo i nā mea. No ka laʻana, he paʻakikī iā lākou ke ʻike ma nā wahi i hoʻomālamalama ʻole ʻia e like me nā hale ʻaina a i ʻole nā ​​hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he Night Blindness , a i ʻole ma ka ʻōlelo lapaʻau , ʻo Nyctalopia .

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole ʻo Nyctalopia he maʻi hoʻokahi. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i hōʻailona o kahi maʻi maka ʻē aʻe.

Pili pinepine kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke hele ʻoe mai kahi mālamalama a i kahi pouli, ʻaʻole hiki i kou mau maka ke hoʻololi koke. ʻO ka poʻe ʻike pōkole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka poʻe me ka myopia, hiki ke paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pō. Ma muli ia o ka retinaʻAʻole paha ma muli o kahi maʻi o ka retina, akā, he pilikia me ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka mālamalama i loko o ka maka.

He aha nā kumu nui no ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike i ka pō?

Aia kekahi mau kumu kūpono o ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike pō, a i ʻole nyctalopia . E nānā kākou i kekahi o lākou.

ʻO Glaucoma a me kāna mālama ʻana

ʻO Glaucoma kahi hui o nā maʻi maka e hōʻino ana i ke aʻalolo optic , ʻo ia ke aʻalolo e lawe ana i nā hōʻailona mai ka retina i ka lolo. Hiki i ka Glaucoma ke kumu i ka nalowale o ka ʻike pō. Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka glaucoma, e like me ka pilocarpine, e hoʻopaʻa i ka pupil . Hiki i kēia ke kumu i ka nalowale o ka ʻike pō.

Nā Cataracts

ʻO ke cataracts kahi ʻano e lilo ai ka aniani moakaka i loko o ka maka i ao a me ke ao. Pale kēia i ka mālamalama mai ka nānā pono ʻana. He ʻano maʻamau loa kēia, ʻoiai i ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana. Ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ka poʻe ma luna o 80 mau makahiki i loaʻa a i loaʻa paha i nā cataracts. ʻO ka lāʻau maʻamau no nā cataracts, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana iā lākou ma ke ʻoki ʻana. Ke ulu aʻe nā cataracts, e emi nui ana ka ʻike i ka pō, ʻoiai i ka wā e hoʻokele ana. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia me he mea lā ua hoʻopuehu ʻia nā kukui.

ʻO ka Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)

ʻO Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) kahi hui o nā maʻi maka hoʻoilina e hoʻopilikia pololei ana i ka retina . ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona mua o RP ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike pō. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ia i nā maka ʻelua. He nui ka poʻe me RP i emi ka ʻike, a hiki i kekahi ke makapō.

Ka nele o ka wikamina A

He mea nui ka wikamina A no ko kākou mau maka, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka ʻike pō. Pono ka wikamina A e hana i kahi kemika i kapa ʻia ʻo rhodopsin, nāna e kōkua iā kākou e ʻike i ka pō. ʻO ka nele o ka wikamina A hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ʻike pō maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka poʻe i ʻai ʻole i ka meaʻai kaulike a i ʻole i hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻoki kino (e like me ke ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻōpū) hiki ke loaʻa i ka nele o ka wikamina A. ʻAʻole wale ia e hoʻopilikia i nā maka, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻili, ka puʻuwai, nā māmā, a me ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Maʻi diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus)

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus kahi maʻi e piʻi ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko, a i ʻole ka glucose . Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hana i nā pilikia maka like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻike maka pohihihi a me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike pō kekahi o lākou. No laila, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes, he mea nui loa ia e kaohi i kou pae kō koko. Eia kekahi, he mea nui e ʻike mau i kahi kauka maka a nānā i kou mau maka. ʻO kēia no ka mea hoʻonui ka maʻi diabetes i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi e like me ka glaucoma a me nā cataracts.

ʻO ka Degeneration Macular pili i ka makahiki (ARMD)

ʻO kēiaʻO ka Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) he maʻi maka nō hoʻi i hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia. Hoʻopilikia nui ia i ka ʻike waena . ʻAʻole pilikia pinepine ka ʻike peripheral . ʻO ka hapa nui, loaʻa pinepine ia i nā poʻe ma luna o 50 mau makahiki. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​maka ʻelua.

ʻElua mau ʻano nui o kēia: maloʻo a pulu.

• ARMD maloʻo: Ma kēia, hoʻokumu ʻia nā waihona melemele i kapa ʻia ʻo drusen ma kahi o ka maka i kapa ʻia ʻo macula . A laila lahilahi ka macula a maloʻo.
• ARMD pulu: Ma kēia, hana ʻia nā kīʻaha koko kūpono ʻole ma lalo o ka macula a hoʻokahe i ke wai. A laila pehu ka macula .

I kēia mau kūlana a pau, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ʻike pō.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia e ʻike ai i ke kumu o ka ʻike pō?

Inā ʻoe e haʻi aku i ke kauka he maikaʻi ʻole kou ʻike maka i ka pō, ʻo ka mea mua āna e hana ai, ʻo ia ke nānā pono i kou mau maka. E nīnau ʻo ia e pili ana i kou mōʻaukala olakino a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, e hana paha lākou i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe.

• Electroretinography: Nānā kēia hoʻāʻo i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o kāu retina i ka mālamalama.
• ʻO ka pakuhi ʻike ʻokoʻa Pelli-Robson: Ua like kēia me ka pakuhi a mākou e hoʻohana ai e heluhelu i nā leka ke hele mākou i ke kauka. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomaka kēia me ka ʻeleʻele a hele mālie i ka hina. Ana kēia i ka maikaʻi o kou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā aka like ʻole o ka hina.
• Nā hoʻāʻo koko: Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi hoʻāʻo koko e nānā i kāu mau pae huaora A a me ka glucose .

ʻO kēia mau hoʻokolohua wale nō ke ala e ʻike ai i ke kumu pololei.

Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻike maka he 20/20 i ke ao akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka pō?

ʻAe, hiki loa ia. ʻOiai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻike maka kūpono i ke ao (ʻike maka 20/20), hiki paha iā ʻoe ke paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pō a i ʻole i ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa.

Hiki ke emi mālie kou ʻike pō i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia, he mea nui e kamaʻilio me kāu hui mālama ola. He mea nui loa kēia inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi diabetes.

Nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai mai kā mākou i kamaʻilio ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, ua kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i ka ʻike pō i kēia lā. Eia kekahi o nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo:

• ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka pō, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻike maka i ka pō, he mea nui loa ia no ko kākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
• Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli a nalowale paha i kāu ʻike pō, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia. E ʻimi pono i ke kōkua lapaʻau.
• He mea nui loa e nānā ʻia kou mau maka i nā manawa maʻamau.ʻOi loa aku inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes, glaucoma, a inā loaʻa i kekahi o kou ʻohana kēia ʻano maʻi maka.
• ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai kaulike a me ka hoʻoikaika kino e hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o nā maka.

Mai poina, he waiwai nui ko kākou mau maka. No laila, ʻo ko kākou kuleana ke mālama pono iā lākou. Inā he mau pilikia kou, mai makaʻu e kamaʻilio me ke kauka.

ʻIke pō , ʻike maka, ʻike pō, makapō pō, olakino maka, retina, glaucoma