E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā pūnaewele B ma ke ʻano maʻalahi? ʻO nā mea pale liʻiliʻi o kou kino!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe inā he kaua ʻike ʻole ʻia e hana mau nei i loko o ko kākou kino? ʻAe, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia. Ke kaua nei nā kiaʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino i nā germs e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi e puka mai ana mai waho. ʻO kahi hui koʻikoʻi loa i waena o kēlā mau kiaʻi ʻo ia kēia mau cell B. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia mau cell B a pehea lākou e pale ai iā mākou mai nā maʻi.

He aha maoli nā pūnaewele B?

ʻO nā pūnaewele B, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he ʻano pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ko kākou koko. Kāhea pū mākou iā lākou he '(B lymphocytes)'. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele B kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kāu ʻōnaehana pale, ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino e pale aku iā ʻoe mai nā maʻi. ʻO kā lākou hana nui ka hana ʻana i nā protein kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo '(antibodies)' e hakakā i nā '(pathogens)' ʻino - nā mea e like me nā virus, bacteria, a me nā parasites - e komo i loko o ke kino.

ʻO nā pūnaewele B a me nā pūnaewele T he ʻelua ʻano o nā pūnaewele e pili ana i kahi ʻano kūikawā o ke koko keʻokeʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphocytes. Ke kaua nei kēia mau lymphocytes i nā mea hoʻouka kaua a me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe e like me nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa. Hoʻopau nā pūnaewele T i nā pathogens a hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻōnaehana pale ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. ʻO nā pūnaewele B, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana i nā antibodies i ka pane ʻana i nā antigens. Ua like nā antigens me nā kāleka ID. Kōkua kēia mau antibodies i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike i nā mea i loko o ko mākou kino, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻino e like me nā virus a me nā bacteria.

He aha nā ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele B?

ʻAe, i kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o nā pūnaewele B. ʻElua ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele B. ʻO lākou nā pūnaewele plasma a me nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo. Kōkua kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i ka pale ʻana iā mākou mai nā maʻi. E nānā kākou pehea.

Nā pūnaewele plasma

ʻO kēia mau cell plasma nā mea e hoʻokuʻu i nā antibodies i ka pane ʻana i nā antigens i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua. E noʻonoʻo e like me ke pana ʻana i kahi ʻenemi ma ka ʻike maka. Ke hoʻololi ʻia kahi cell B i cell plasma, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi 2,000 antibodies i kekona! ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha? Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau cell plasma he plasmacytes a me nā cell effector. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ko lākou ola ma mua o nā cell memory.

Nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo

Hōʻike ka inoa iā ia, ʻeā? Hoʻomanaʻo kēia mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo i nā antigens kikoʻī. A laila, inā hoʻi mai kēlā antigen i ko mākou kino i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ke hana koke, me he mea lā e hoʻomākaukau ana, i nā hana pale. E like me kā mākou pane koke ʻana i kahi ʻenemi i ʻike ʻia. Ke hana nā pūnaewele plasma i nā antibodies a hakakā i nā mea hoʻouka kaua i kēlā manawa, kōkua nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo iā mākou e hakakā i nā kaua e hiki mai ana. No ka laʻana, ʻo kēia ka nui o nā lāʻau pale a mākou e loaʻa ai. ʻO ka hana a ka lāʻau pale, ʻo ia ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale i kahi antigen. A laila hoʻomanaʻo kā mākou mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo iā ia. Inā hoʻi mai kēlā pathogen ma hope, hiki i ko mākou kino ke hoʻomaka koke i kahi hoʻouka kaua kūʻē iā ia.

No ke aha he mea nui nā pūnaewele B iā mākou?

He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa nā pūnaewele B o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi adaptive. I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi adaptive. ʻElua mau ʻāpana nui o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi. ʻO kekahi ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi kūlohelohe, a ʻo kekahi ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi adaptive. Ua like ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi kūlohelohe me ka laina pale mua, e pane ana i kekahi hoʻoweliweli. Akā, ʻoi aku ka kūikawā o ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi adaptive. Hoʻomaopopo ia i kahi hoʻoweliweli kikoʻī - ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi virus kikoʻī, bacteria, a pēlā aku - a hakakā me ia.

No laila, ʻo ka hana a nā pūnaewele B, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā antibodies e luku ai i kēlā antigen a i ʻole ka pathogen i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā antigen. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā pūnaewele B ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā antigens kikoʻī. A laila, inā hoʻi hou mai kēlā pathogen i loko o ke kino, hiki i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ke hoʻokumu i kahi pale kūpono loa e kūʻē iā ia. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, me ka ʻole o nā pūnaewele B, ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou kino ke ʻike i nā ʻenemi kikoʻī, hana i nā mea kaua kikoʻī (antibodies) e hakakā iā lākou, a hoʻomanaʻo i kēlā mau ʻenemi a hana koke inā hoʻi mai lākou.

Pehea e hana ai nā pūnaewele B i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale?

ʻOiai he hana paʻakikī loa ia, e hoʻāʻo kākou e hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi. ʻO nā pūnaewele B, me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale, e hakakā me nā mea hoʻouka kaua ʻino e hoʻomaʻi iā mākou, a me nā pūnaewele maʻamau ʻole e like me nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa. Ke 'hoʻāla' ʻia kahi pūnaewele B, lilo ia i pūnaewele plasma, kahi e hana ai i nā antibodies i ka pane ʻana i kahi antigen, a i ʻole lilo ia i pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo, kahi e hoʻomanaʻo ai i kēlā antigen. Ma kēlā ala, inā hoʻi mai ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki iā ia ke ʻike koke a hakakā iā ia.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ke pono ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā cell B e hakakā i kahi mea hoʻouka kaua, eia kekahi o nā ʻanuʻu e hana ʻia:

• ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻopili kahi cell kūikawā i kapa ʻia he antigen-presenting cell (APC) i ka antigen o ka mea hoʻouka a wāwahi iā ia i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. A laila hoʻopili ka APC i nā ʻāpana antigen i kahi mole i kapa ʻia ʻo Major Histocompatibility-II complex (MHC-II).
• ʻO ka mea aʻe, hele mai nā pūnaewele T kōkua (he ʻano pūnaewele T hoʻi) a hoʻopaʻa i kēlā hui MHC-II. ʻO kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana ka mea e hoʻāla ai i nā pūnaewele T kōkua. He mea nui loa kēia mau pūnaewele T kōkua no ka mea ʻo lākou ka mea e hōʻailona i nā pūnaewele B e 'hana'.
• Hoʻopili kahi pūnaewele T i hoʻāla ʻia i kahi pūnaewele B. A laila hoʻomaka kēlā pūnaewele B e hana i nā kope o ia iho, a i ʻole "clones." ʻO kekahi o kēia mau pūnaewele B e lilo i mau pūnaewele plasma, hiki ke hana i nā antibodies. ʻO nā pūnaewele B ʻē aʻe e lilo i mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo a mālama ʻia i loko o ke kino.
• I nā lā e hiki mai ana, hana nā cell plasma i miliona mau antibodies. Hana ʻia kēlā me kēia o kēia mau antibodies e luku wale i ka pathogen kikoʻī i hana i kēlā antigen. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki i kahi antibody hoʻokahi ke kuhikuhi i hoʻokahi ʻano ʻenemi.
• Hoʻopili kēia mau antibodies i ka antigen a i ʻole ka ʻāpana o ka pathogen i loaʻa ka māka antigenic. Ke hoʻopili ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka pathogen ke hōʻeha hou i ke kino.

E noʻonoʻo e like me ka hana a ka mākaʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, hele mai kahi hōʻailona (ʻike ʻia ka antigen e kahi APC). A laila komo mai kahi hui kūikawā (nā pūnaewele T kōkua), e hoʻomaopopo ana i kahi hui ʻē aʻe (nā pūnaewele B). Hele koke kekahi hapa o kēlā hui i ke kaua (nā pūnaewele plasma), ʻoiai kekahi hapa e hoʻomākaukau ana no nā hoʻoweliweli e hiki mai ana (nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo).

Aia i hea nā pūnaewele B?

ʻOkoʻa ke kūlana o nā pūnaewele B ma muli o ko lākou pae o ka ulu ʻana. E noʻonoʻo, i kou wā he fetus, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o ka ʻōpū o kou makuahine, hana ʻia nā pūnaewele B i loko o ke akepaʻa. Akā ma hope o ko kākou hānau ʻia ʻana, ulu nā pūnaewele B i loko o kahi ʻiʻo palupalu a huʻahuʻa i loko o ko kākou mau iwi. ʻO ia ka mea a kākou e kapa nei he iwi iwi. Hoʻomaka lākou ma ke ʻano he mau pūnaewele kumu hematopoietic. A laila, ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia he hematopoiesis, lilo lākou i mau pūnaewele B. Ke oʻo piha, hele kāu mau pūnaewele B i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kāu ʻōnaehana lymphatic. No ka laʻana, ka spleen a me nā lymph nodes.

He aha nā maʻi maʻamau e hiki ke hana e pili ana i nā pūnaewele B?

Inā loaʻa kahi mea ʻē i kā mākou mau cell B, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi autoimmune a me nā ʻano maʻi kanesa like ʻole. E nānā kākou i kēlā.

Nā maʻi autoimmune

I kekahi manawa, ʻo kēia ka mea e hana ʻia. Hana kā mākou mau cell B i nā antibodies i ka pane ʻana i nā antigens ma kā mākou mau cell olakino ponoʻī. A laila, hoʻouka kēlā mau antibodies i kā mākou mau cell olakino me he mea lā e hoʻouka ana lākou i kahi pathogen weliweli. Ua like ia me ka hoʻouka ʻana i ko mākou ʻohana ponoʻī. ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he mau maʻi autoimmune. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:

• Lupus
• ʻO ka sclerosis lehulehu
• ʻO ka ʻāʻī rheumatoid
• ʻAno 1 diabetes

Nā maʻi kanesa

Aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi kanesa e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā pūnaewele B ma ke ʻano ʻē. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻomaka nā pūnaewele B e hoʻonui me ka hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia. ʻO kekahi o lākou:

• Leukemia lymphocytic koʻikoʻi
• Leukemia lymphocytic mau loa
• ʻO ka lymphoma Hodgkin
• ʻO ka lymphoma ʻaʻole Hodgkin
• ʻO ka lymphoma cell-B `(lymphoma cell-B)`
• ʻO ka myeloma lehulehu
• ʻO ka macroglobulinemia o Waldenström

He aha ka pae maʻamau no nā pūnaewele B?

Loaʻa i kahi kanaka makua maʻamau ma waena o 1,000 a me 4,800 mau lymphocytes no kēlā me kēia microliter o ke koko. ʻO nā pūnaewele B e hana ma kahi o 10% a 20% o kāu mau lymphocytes āpau.

Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, inā kiʻekiʻe loa a haʻahaʻa paha kāu helu cell B, hiki ke hōʻike he maʻi kou. Pono ke kauka e hana i nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike pono ai.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau e nānā ai i ke olakino o kaʻu mau cell B?

Hiki i kāu kauka ke haʻi i ka nui o nā lymphocytes i loko o kou kino me kahi hoʻāʻo maʻalahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Complete Blood Count (CBC). Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano kikoʻī o nā lymphocytes, e like me nā cell B a me nā cell T.

Inā kānalua kāu kauka he maʻi kou e pili ana i kahi ʻano ʻē i loko o kāu mau pūnaewele B, hiki iā ia ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano lymphocytes kikoʻī, e like me ka ʻikepili lymphocyte (helu cell T a me B), a i ʻole kahi leukemia/lymphoma panel B-cell.

He aha kā mākou e hana ai e mālama i ke olakino o kā mākou mau cell B?

ʻAʻohe ala kūlohelohe i ʻae nui ʻia e 'hoʻoikaika' i nā cell B. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e mālama i kou ʻōnaehana pale kino a pale i nā cell B āu i loaʻa mua. He nui o kēia mau mea e like me ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau, akā pale maoli lākou i nā cell B o kou kino, a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana pale kino, mai ka hoʻonele ʻia ʻana. E like me kā mākou mau kaʻa e ola lōʻihi inā mālama pono ʻia.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia mau mea e mālama i ke olakino o kāu ʻōnaehana pale:

• E kiʻi i nā lāʻau pale āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia.
• E ʻai i ka ʻai maikaʻi a kaulike hoʻi.
• E hoʻokele pono i kou kaumaha.
• E hōʻalo i ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona, a hoʻohana paha me ke akahele.
• E hōʻalo i ka puhipaka (cigarettes, vaping). Inā hana ʻoe pēlā, e hoʻōki.
• E hiamoe ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻehiku a ʻewalu hola i kēlā me kēia pō.
• E hana i ka hoʻoikaika kino kaulike ma ka liʻiliʻi he 150 mau minuke i kēlā me kēia pule.
• E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima me ke kopa a hoʻohana paha i ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūnaewele T a me nā pūnaewele B?

Mālama nā pūnaewele T, nā pūnaewele B, a me nā pūnaewele B iā mākou mai nā pathogens e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi. Akā hana lākou i nā kuleana like ʻole i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hoʻouna nā pūnaewele T i nā hōʻailona e kāohi i ka pane pale (ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau pūnaewele T kōkua) a luku pololei paha i nā pathogens a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi (ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau pūnaewele T cytotoxic).

Akā, hana nā pūnaewele B i nā protein i kapa ʻia he antibodies i ka pane ʻana i nā antigens, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hōʻailona e haʻi ana i ke kino ua komo kahi mea hoʻouka kaua i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole i hoʻōki pololei ʻia ka mea hoʻouka kaua e ka pūnaewele B, akā, e nā antibodies a ka pūnaewele B e hana ai.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

No laila, me ka ʻole o nā pūnaewele B, ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou kino ke hana i nā antibodies. He mau protein koʻikoʻi kēia mau antibodies e kōkua i ke kaua ʻana i nā pathogens ʻino. Me nā lymphocytes ʻē aʻe a me nā pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo, ʻo kāu mau pūnaewele B ka mea e mālama iā ʻoe mai nā maʻi a pale iā ʻoe mai nā pūnaewele ʻē.

No laila, e mālama i kāu mau pūnaewele B. E hana i nā mea i kēlā me kēia lā e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i kou ʻōnaehana pale holoʻokoʻa i ke olakino. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, e ʻai pono, e hiamoe maikaʻi, e hoʻoikaika kino, e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha, a e kiʻi i kāu mau lāʻau i ka manawa kūpono. ʻO kēia mau mea maʻalahi e hāʻawi i kēia mau pale liʻiliʻi i loko o kou kino i kahi hoʻoikaika nui.

Nā pūnaewele B , nā lymphocytes B, nā antibodies, ka ʻōnaehana pale, nā lymphocytes, nā pathogens, nā pūnaewele plasma, nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo