Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kēia mau mea e pili ana i kou mau māmā? E kamaʻilio kākou!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ke ʻano kupaianaha o ko kākou hanu ʻana? ʻOiai ke hanu wale nei kākou, aia kahi moʻolelo nui ma hope ona. ʻO kēia ma muli o kahi ʻōkana kupaianaha i loko o ko kākou kino. ʻO ia hoʻi ko kākou mau māmā. No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kā kākou hoaaloha i kapa ʻia ʻo nā māmā ? Pehea kāna hana, he aha nā maʻi e hiki ai iā ia ke loaʻa, a pehea lā kākou e mālama ai iā ia? E kamaʻilio kākou ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.

Pehea ke ʻano o kou mau māmā?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kou mau māmā nā ʻōkana nui ʻelua e kōkua iā ʻoe e hanu. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa lākou o kāu ʻōnaehana hanu. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hanu ka hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻōkana e pili ana i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka lawe ʻana i ka ea, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea a mākou e pono ai mai ia mea, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea a mākou e pono ʻole ai.

Loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻelua mau māmā , hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o kou umauma a hoʻokahi ma ka hema. ʻO kou umauma ka wahi ma waena o kou ʻāʻī a me kou ʻōpū. Uhi ʻia nā māmā ʻelua e kahi uhi pale i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻiʻo pleural . Ua like ia me kahi puke me kahi uhi.

ʻO ka māmā ʻākau a me ka māmā hema - e like me nā kaikunāne ʻelua!

ʻOiai ke ʻano like o kēia mau māmā ʻelua, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa iki.

• ʻĀmaʻama ʻākau: Ua māhele ʻia i ʻekolu ʻāpana. Kāhea mākou iā lākou ʻo ka ʻāpana o luna `(Superior lobe)`, ka ʻāpana waena `(Middle lobe)`, a me ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa `(Inferior lobe)`. He pōkole iki ia ma mua o ka ʻāmaʻama hema, akā ʻoi aku ka laulā.
• ʻAkemāmā hema: He ʻelua ona lobes. ʻO ia ka lobe luna `(Superior lobe)` a me ka lobe lalo `(Inferior lobe)`. No ke aha ʻoe e manaʻo ai he liʻiliʻi ka hema? ʻO ke kumu, pono ia e hana i wahi no kou puʻuwai. Aia ka puʻuwai ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. ʻO ia ke kumu he notch liʻiliʻi `(Cardiac notch)` ka māmā hema e hana i wahi no ka puʻuwai. Eia kekahi, he hoʻolōʻihi liʻiliʻi ko ka māmā hema ma luna i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Lingula)` , ʻaʻohe o ka māmā ʻākau.

He aha ka lawelawe a nā māmā e hāʻawi mai ai iā kākou?

ʻO ka hana nui o nā māmā, ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i ko kākou kino i ka oxygen e pono ai a me ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ke kalapona ʻokikene ʻaʻole pono ai. Hana ʻia kēia ma kahi o 12 a 20 mau manawa i ka minuke, ʻoiai ke kū mālie nei kākou. E noʻonoʻo, ʻaʻole e pau kēia hana ʻoiai ke hiamoe nei kākou!

ʻO ka huakaʻi kupaianaha o ka hanu ʻana

Ke hanu ʻoe ma kou ihu a waha paha, hele mua ka ea i loko o ke kua o kou puʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pharynx. A laila hele ia ma o ka larynx (ko kākou pahu leo) a i loko o ka trachea (windpipe).

Ua māhele ʻia kēia ʻōpū hanu i ʻelua, e like me ka leka Y. Ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā ʻōmole bronchial nui. Hele kekahi ʻōmole i ka māmā hema, a ʻo kekahi i ka māmā ʻākau. Pono e wehe mau ʻia kēia mau ala ea, me ka ʻole o ka pehu a i ʻole ka mucus. A laila wale nō e hiki ai i nā māmā ke hana pono.

A laila māhele ʻia kēia mau ala ea nui i nā ʻōmole liʻiliʻi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he bronchi. Māhele hou aku kēia i nā lālā liʻiliʻi, i kapa ʻia he bronchioles . Pau kēia mau bronchi i loko o nā ʻeke ea liʻiliʻi e like me nā hui hua waina. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he alveoli .

ʻOkikene i loko, kalapona ʻokikene i waho!

Aia i loko o kēia mau alveoli kahi e hana ʻia ai kahi hoʻololi kupaianaha. Hoʻopili ʻia ka oxygen i ka ea a mākou e hanu ai i loko o ke koko ma o kēia mau alveoli. A laila hele ke koko waiwai i ka oxygen i ka puʻuwai, kahi e pamu ʻia ai ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Penei ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka oxygen i kēlā me kēia cell.

Ke hoʻohana nā pūnaewele i kēia oxygen e hana, hana ʻia ke kalapona ʻokikene ma ke ʻano he huahana ʻōpala. A laila hoʻopili hou ʻia kēlā kalapona ʻokikene i loko o ke koko a lawe ʻia i nā māmā. Ke hanu mākou i waho, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hanu mākou i waho, hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia kalapona ʻokikene mai ke kino.

Nā kiaʻi o nā māmā

He maikaʻi loa ko kākou ʻōnaehana hanu i ka pale ʻana i nā mea ʻino i ke kino mai ke komo ʻana i loko o nā māmā.

• Nā lauoho ihu : Hana kēia e like me nā kānana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ea. Hoʻopaʻa lākou i nā ʻāpana lepo nui a me nā pepeke, a pēlā aku, i loko o ka ihu.
• Mucus: Mālama kēia mucus i nā alaea ea i pulu. Hoʻopaʻa pū ia i ka lepo a me nā bacteria .
• ʻO Cilia : Ua like kēia me nā pulumi. Kōkua lākou i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ka mucus a kōkua i ka hoʻokuke ʻana iā ia. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu he mea weliweli loa ka puhi paka ʻana, ʻo ia ka nalowale ʻana o kēia mau cilia i kā lākou hana. Hoʻonui kēia i ka pilikia o ka maʻi māmā.

ʻO kekahi mau ʻoiaʻiʻo kupanaha e pili ana i nā māmā!

ʻĀnō, e nānā i kēia mau ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻAʻole paha ʻoe i lohe i kēia ma mua.

• Hiki iā ʻoe ke ola me ka wehe ʻia ʻana o kahi lobe o kou māmā. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha kēlā? I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ola me hoʻokahi wale nō māmā.
• ʻO nā māmā wale nō ke ʻano o ko kākou kino e lana ana ke kau ʻia i loko o ka wai!
• Ke hoʻoikaika kino ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka mana o kou māmā, ʻo ia ka nui o ka ea hiki iā ʻoe ke hanu.
• Aia ma waena o 300 a me 500 miliona alveoli i loko o nā māmā o ke kanaka makua maʻamau! He mea kupaianaha ia, ʻeā?

Aia i hea kou mau māmā? Pehea ko lākou ʻano?

Aia kou mau māmā i loko o ka lua thoracic. Hoʻomaha lākou ma luna o kahi ʻiʻo nui i kapa ʻia ʻo ka diaphragm .

ʻO ka maʻamau, he hina hina ke kala o nā māmā olakino. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i nā kiʻi o nā māmā o ka poʻe puhi paka a me ka poʻe puhi ʻole. ʻO nā māmā i hōʻino ʻia e ka puhi paka he hina hina ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. He ʻano huinakolu ke ʻano o nā māmā, a i kekahi manawa ua wehewehe ʻia e like me nā pepeiao o kahi ʻelepani.

ʻO ke kaumaha o ka māmā o ke kanaka makua ma ka awelika ma kahi o hoʻokahi kilokani. He 9 ʻīniha ka lōʻihi i ka wā e hanu maʻamau ai, a hoʻonui ʻia a hiki i kahi 10.5 ʻīniha i ka wā e hanu hohonu ai.

He aha nā maʻi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ko kākou mau māmā?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hiki i ko kākou mau māmā ke loaʻa i nā maʻi like ʻole. He liʻiliʻi kekahi a e ola koke. Akā, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o kekahi a hiki ke lōʻihi. Eia kekahi o nā maʻi maʻamau:

• Asbestosis: ʻO ka ʻeha o nā māmā a me nā ʻiʻo pleural i hana ʻia e ka hanu ʻana i nā olonā asbestos.
• Asthma: Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana ma muli o ka haiki ʻana o nā ala ea.
• Bronchiectasis: Ka pehu ʻana o nā ʻōmole bronchial, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻū phlegmy a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana.
• Bronchitis: ʻO ka hōʻailona nui ka ʻū. Hiki i kēia ke ʻoi, e hele koke mai ana a maikaʻi aʻe, a i ʻole ka maʻi mau, e mau ana no ka manawa lōʻihi.
• COPD (Maʻi ʻŌpū Hapa Mau): He maʻi hanu holomua a hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia.
• Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`: Hiki i kēia maʻi viral ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi hanu ʻoluʻolu a koʻikoʻi paha.
• Croup: He maʻi hanu e hoʻopilikia ana i nā keiki ʻōpio ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki.
• ʻO Cystic Fibrosis: He maʻi hoʻoilina kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai ka mucus mānoanoa a pipili i loko o nā māmā a me nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe.
• Ka maʻi palū: He maʻi māmā i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi maʻi.
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai akemāmā: ʻO ka puhi paka ke kumu nui o kēia.
• Mesothelioma: He ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai nō hoʻi kēia. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ia ma ka hanu ʻana i nā olonā asbestos.
• Pneumonia: He maʻi māmā. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopiha i nā māmā i ka wai a pono paha e mālama ʻia i ka haukapila.
• Pulmonary Fibrosis: Paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana ma muli o ka ʻeha o nā māmā. ʻAʻole hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia kēia.
• Nā Nodules Pulmonary: Nā puʻupuʻu e hana ʻia i loko o nā māmā. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole kēia he maʻi kanesa (benign).
• RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): He maʻi hanu e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā keiki ʻōpio a me nā pākeke.
• ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu: Hoʻopilikia nui kēia i nā māmā, akā hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi māmā? Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai?

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi māmā e komo pū me:

• Dyspnea: Manaʻo i ka hanu pōkole ʻoiai me ka hoʻoikaika iki.
• ʻEha umauma: ʻEha umauma i ka wā e hanu ana a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana.
• Kuke: ʻOi aku ka ʻū mau, nā ʻū e hoʻopio i ke koko me ka phlegm.
• Luhi: Manaʻo wale nō i ka luhi.
• Wheezing: He leo hūʻū i hana ʻia e ka umauma i ka wā e hanu ana.
• Ka pehu ʻana o nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae a me nā wāwae.

Mea nui: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​e ʻike pono i ke kauka. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike mua ʻana.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia e nānā ai inā olakino nā māmā?

Ke hele ʻoe i ke kauka, e nānā ʻo ia iā ʻoe a e ʻike i kekahi mau mea.

Pehea e nānā ai ke kauka iā ʻoe

• Hoʻolohe ʻia nā māmā me ka stethoscope e nānā i nā leo ʻē, e like me "Crackles/Rales" (nā leo pahū liʻiliʻi), "Wheezing" (he leo wheezing kiʻekiʻe), a me "Stridor" (he leo hanu kiʻekiʻe).
• Helu ka hanu ʻana i ka nui o kou hanu ʻana i kēlā me kēia minuke.
• E hoʻolohe lākou i kou mau māmā a ʻike inā he loli i kou leo.
• ʻO ka pulse oximeter kahi mea liʻiliʻi e hoʻopili ʻia i kahi manamana lima a ana i ka pae oxygen i loko o ke koko.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia hoʻokolokolo kino, hiki i ke kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe.

Ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi e nānā i loko - Nā Hoʻāʻo Kiʻi

ʻAe kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ke kauka e ʻike i ke ʻano o ke kūlana i loko o nā māmā.

• X-ray umauma
• ʻO ke scan CT `(Scan Tomography i hoʻohana ʻia)`
• Ultrasound
• ʻO ke kiʻi MRI `(ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi Magnetic Resonance)`

Nā Hoʻāʻo Hana Pulmonary (Nā hoʻāʻo e nānā i ka hana maikaʻi o nā māmā)

Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau hoʻokolohua hana pulmonary. Nānā lākou i ka maikaʻi o ka hanu ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana o kou mau māmā i ka ea.

• Spirometry
• Ka Plethysmography Kino
• Hoʻāʻo Hoʻolaha
• Hoʻāʻo Nitric Oxide i hoʻokuʻu ʻia
• Hoʻāʻo Leo o ka Māmā
• Hoʻāʻo hanu Methacholine
• Hoʻāʻo hele wāwae ʻeono minuke

Hiki paha ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma lalo o ka anesthesia.

I kekahi manawa hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kāmela i loko o nā māmā e nānā i loko (Bronchoscopy), lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻiʻo a nānā ʻia (Lung Biopsy), a hana ʻia paha kahi thoracotomy.Pono paha ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻokolohua/lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana i ka umauma, e like me ka x-ray umauma. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia ma lalo o ka anesthesia.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi akemāmā?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi māmā, e hilinaʻi kāu lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o kou maʻi a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i nā koho lapaʻau ke komo pū me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hoʻoikaika kino, nā lako kūikawā, a me ke ʻoki kino.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano he inhaler, ma ke ʻano he wai nebulizer, ma ke ʻano he papa waha, a i ʻole he inikini.

• Hoʻemi nā steroid i ka pehu ʻana i loko o nā alaea.
• Hoʻōla nā antibiotics i nā maʻi.
• Nā Bronchodilators e hoʻonui i nā ala hanu. Loaʻa kēia i nā ʻano hana pōkole a me ka hana lōʻihi.
• Kōkua nā Mucolytics i ka hoʻomāmā ʻana i ka mucus a maʻalahi hoʻi ke ʻū ʻana.
• E hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pae oxygen me ka Oxygen Therapy .
• E mālama i ka maʻi kanesa me ka chemotherapy a me/a i ʻole ka radiation therapy .
• Nā lāʻau pale e pale aku ai i nā maʻi.

Nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino a me nā mea komo

• Nā ʻano hanu kūikawā, no ka laʻana (Pursed Lip Breathing) a me (Diaphragmatic Breathing) .
• Kōkua nā Mea Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Alanui , e like me ka Vest Therapy, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka mucus mai nā alaea.

ʻoki kino

I kekahi mau hihia, pono ke ʻoki kino.

• Ka wehe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka māmā (Lobectomy) .
• Ka wehe ʻana i ʻelua lobes o ka māmā (Bilobectomy) .
• ʻO ka Thoracentesis kahi hana e wehe ai i ka wai mai loko mai o nā māmā.
• Ka wehe piha ʻana o hoʻokahi māmā (Pneumonectomy) .
• Hoʻoili ʻana i ka māmā .

He aha kā mākou e hana ai e mālama i ke olakino o ko mākou mau māmā? (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, ʻo kēia ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa. Nui nā mea hiki iā kākou ke hana e mālama i ke olakino o ko kākou mau māmā, a i ʻole e mālama i ka maʻi māmā inā loaʻa iā kākou.

• ʻO ka mea mua a koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ia ke haʻalele i ka puhipaka inā hana ʻoe pēlā. Pēlā nō hoʻi no ka vaping. ʻO kēia ka makana nui loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kou mau māmā.
• E ho'āʻo e mālama i ke kaumaha olakino. ʻO ka poʻe momona ʻole, ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa i nā pilikia o ka māmā.
• E hoʻoikaika kino mau. Akā, e kūkākūkā me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kekahi papa hana hoʻoikaika kino.
• E ʻai i nā meaʻai olakino, ma nā nui kūpono.
• E inu i ka wai he nui (ke ʻole ke kaupalena ʻia kāu kauka i kāu lawe ʻana i ka wai).
• E kiʻi i nā lāʻau pale i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka i ka manawa kūpono.Eia kekahi laʻana, ka lāʻau pale maʻi palū, ka lāʻau pale niumonia.
• E holoi pinepine a holoi pono i kou mau lima. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe mai nā maʻi.
• E noho mamao loa aku mai ka poʻe maʻi mai.

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻoiai he mau ala ko kā mākou ʻōnaehana hanu e pale aku ai iā mākou, hiki i ko mākou mau māmā ke maʻi. Hoʻōla koke kekahi. Akā he koʻikoʻi kekahi a mau loa. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi māmā lōʻihi, e kuhikuhi kāu kauka lapaʻau iā ʻoe i kahi pulmonologist . ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka hahai pono ʻana i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi i hāʻawi ʻia e kāu hui lapaʻau. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hanu me ka maʻalahi e like me ka hiki.

ʻO nā māmā, ʻōnaehana hanu, hanu ʻana, ʻOkikene, Maʻi māmā, Māmā olakino, Māmā