Malia paha ma hope o kahi hana nui a i ʻole kahi ulia koʻikoʻi, ua haʻi aku ke kauka iā ʻoe, "Pono wau e hāʻawi i ke koko." He mea maʻamau ke manaʻo iki i ka makaʻu a me ka hopohopo ke lohe ʻoe i kēia mau ʻōlelo. "ʻĀ, e hāʻawi anei au i ke koko o kekahi? Palekana anei? E loaʻa anei kekahi mau pilikia?" Hiki i nā mea e like me ia ke noʻonoʻo. Akā, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko he hana maʻamau a palekana hoʻi ia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou. No laila, e ʻimi kākou i nā pane i nā nīnau a pau āu e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā.
He aha maoli ke ʻano o ka hoʻoili koko?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke koko a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana koko i nalowale mai kou kino ma muli o kahi maʻi a i ʻole kahi ulia.
E noʻonoʻo i ko kākou koko he hōʻiliʻili o kekahi mau ʻāpana. He ʻehā ona ʻāpana nui:
- Nā Kelepona Koko ʻUlaʻula: ʻO kēia nā pūnaewele e lawe ana i ka oxygen ma o ko kākou kino.
- Nā Kelepona Koko Keʻokeʻo: ʻO kēia nā hunaola pale o ko mākou kino e hakakā ana i nā maʻi a me nā huakini e komo i loko o ko mākou kino.
- Nā Platelets: Kōkua kēia mau pūnaewele liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe ʻana ke loaʻa kahi ʻeha.
- Plasma: ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana wai o ke koko. Lana nā ʻāpana āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. Loaʻa pū kekahi i nā protein e kōkua i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko.
I ka wā ma mua, i ka wā e hāʻawi ai i ke koko, hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ke koko holoʻokoʻa. Akā i kēia manawa, ma muli o ka ʻenehana holomua, nānā nā kauka i ka ʻāpana o kou kino i nele maoli . A laila hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe i ka ʻāpana e pono ai. No ka laʻana, inā he haʻahaʻa kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi wale i kēlā ʻāpana. Inā he haʻahaʻa kou mau platelets, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi wale i kēlā ʻāpana. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i nā pilikia pono ʻole he nui.
No ke aha mākou e pono ai e hāʻawi i ke koko?
Aia kekahi mau kumu e pono ai ke hāʻawi koko. E nānā kākou i nā kumu nui.
| Kumu | He wehewehe maʻalahi |
|---|---|
| ʻO ke ʻoki kino nui a i ʻole nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi | I ka wā o ke ʻoki kino a i ʻole kahi ulia nui, hiki ke nalowale ka nui o ke koko mai ke kino. Pono e hoʻololi ʻia kēlā nui o ke koko i hoʻemi ʻia. |
| Ke kahe koko ʻana ma ke ala ʻai | Inā puka mai ke kahe koko mai ka ʻōpū ʻai ma muli o nā kūlana e like me ka ʻōpū ʻōpū a i ʻole nā kumu ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻololi i ka nui o ke koko i hoʻemi ʻia me ka hoʻomalu ʻana iā ia. |
| Nā maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka anemia | I nā hihia o ke kanesa, e like me ka leukemia, a me nā maʻi puʻupaʻa, emi iho ka hana ʻana o ke kino i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula olakino. Hāʻawi ʻia ke koko ma ke ʻano he lāʻau no ka anemia e hopena mai ana. |
| Nā Lapaʻau Kanesa | Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka radiation a i ʻole chemotherapy ke hōʻino i ka iwi iwi, ka mea e hana i nā hunaola koko. No laila, inā emi ka nui o nā hunaola koko, hāʻawi ʻia ke koko. |
| Nā maʻi koko a me nā maʻi akepaʻa | ʻO kekahi mau maʻi koko hoʻoilina (e like me ka thalassemia) a me nā maʻi akepaʻa koʻikoʻi e pono ai ke hoʻoili koko pinepine. |
E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā ʻano koko a me ke kūlike.
ʻO kēia ka nīnau nui loa a ka poʻe he nui. "Hiki iaʻu ke hāʻawi koko mai kekahi kanaka?" ʻO ka pane, "ʻAʻole." Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ke koko, pono ke koko āu e loaʻa ai e like me kou ʻano koko.
ʻEhā ko mākou mau ʻano koko: A, B, AB, a me O. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mea Rh . Ma muli o kēia, hiki i kou ʻano koko ke maikaʻi (+) a maikaʻi ʻole paha (-). (Laʻana: A+, O-, B+).
E noʻonoʻo he kī ko kāu mau hunaola koko e hana ana nou. Pono nā hunaola koko āu e hāʻawi ai i ke kī like. Inā loli ke kī, e ʻike ka ʻōnaehana pale o kou kino i nā hunaola koko hou ma ke ʻano he ʻenemi a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka iā lākou. He kūlana weliweli kēia.
ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻāʻo ikaika ai nā ʻoihana e like me ka National Blood Transfusion Service ma Sri Lanka i ke ʻano koko, ka mea Rh, a me nā maʻi like ʻole o kēlā me kēia mea hāʻawi koko.
- ʻAno koko O: ʻO ke kanaka me ke ʻano koko O ua kapa ʻia ʻo " Universal Donor."I kahi pilikia, inā ʻaʻohe manawa e ʻike ai i ke ʻano koko pololei, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ke koko O maikaʻi ʻole (O-) i kekahi.
- ʻAno koko AB: ʻO ke kanaka me ke ʻano koko AB ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he " mea loaʻa honua ." ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ke koko mai kekahi ʻano koko.
Pehea e hana ʻia ai ka hāʻawi koko a me nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa
Hana pinepine ʻia ka hāʻawi koko ma kahi haukapila a i ʻole ke keʻena lapaʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi cannula liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi aa koko ma kou lima, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai kahi ʻeke koko. Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hala ma waena o 1 a me 4 mau hola. E nānā ke kauka a i ʻole nā kahu maʻi iā ʻoe i loko o kēia manawa.
ʻAʻole anei he pilikia i laila?
He palekana loa ka hāʻawi koko ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau āpau, aia kekahi mau pilikia kakaikahi e hiki ke loaʻa. Mai hopohopo, ʻo ka mea nui ka makaʻala i kēia mau mea.
- Kuni: He mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kuni iki no kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole kēia he mea koʻikoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kuni me ka nausea a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka umauma , e haʻi koke i kāu kauka a kahu maʻi paha .
- Nā hopena aleri: I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻoili koko kūpono loa, hiki i kou kino ke loaʻa kahi hopena aleri iki iā ia. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka maneʻo, ka hives, a i ʻole nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. Hana pinepine kēia i ka wā a ma hope paha o ke hoʻoili koko ʻana.
- Nā hopena palekana: He mau kūlana kakaikahi loa kēia, akā he mau kūlana koʻikoʻi.
- ʻO ka hopena hemolytic pale ʻeha koʻikoʻi: ʻO kēia ka manawa e hoʻouka ai kou kino i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i hāʻawi ʻia. He pilikia olakino kēia. ʻO nā hōʻailona e komo pū me ke kuni, ke anu, ka nausea, ka ʻeha ma ka umauma a i ʻole ke kua i lalo, a me ka mimi ʻeleʻele.
- Ka Hopena Hemolytic Lohi: Ua like kēia me ka mea i luna, akā e ʻike lohi ʻia nā hōʻailona, ma hope o kekahi mau lā.
- Nā Maʻi i Lawe ʻia e ke Koko: He mea kēia a ka poʻe he nui e makaʻu nei. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kēia lā, ua haʻahaʻa loa ka pilikia no ka mea ua kau ʻia nā mea hāʻawi koko a me nā mea loaʻa i ka nānā pono ʻana.
- ʻO ka Hao Nui/Hemochromatosis: ʻAʻole kēia e hana i kahi mea i loaʻa ke koko i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō. ʻO nā mea maʻi e loaʻa pinepine ana ke koko, i nā makahiki he nui (e.g., nā mea maʻi thalassemia), hiki ke loaʻa i nā pae hao kiʻekiʻe i loko o ko lākou kino. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ka puʻuwai a me ke akepaʻa.
- ʻO ka maʻi graft-versus-host: He mea laha ʻole loa kēia.Akā he pilikia make paha ia. Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e hoʻouka ai nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ke koko i hāʻawi ʻia i ka iwi o ka mea maʻi. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia i nā mea maʻi me nā ʻōnaehana pale kino nāwaliwali loa.
- He hana lapaʻau maʻamau ka hoʻoili koko, hoʻōla ola, a palekana loa.
- Hāʻawi wale ʻia ʻoe i nā ʻāpana koko e pono ai kou kino (e like me nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, nā platelets).
- Hoʻāʻo pono ʻia ke koko i hāʻawi ʻia e hōʻoia i kona kūlike me kou ʻano koko a ʻaʻohe ona maʻi like ʻole. No laila, haʻahaʻa loa ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā maʻi.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e like me ke kuni, ka maneʻo, ka pōkole o ka hanu, a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka umauma i ka wā a ma hope paha o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko, e hoʻomaopopo koke i kāu kauka a i ʻole nā kahu maʻi me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole .
- Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka. ʻO kou kuleana ia.
Wahi a nā haʻawina i mālama ʻia ma nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia, ʻo ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi e like me ka HIV ma o ke kahe koko ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi i loko o ʻelua miliona. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ia ma mua o ka pā ʻia e ka uila. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi e like me ka Hepatitis B a me C.
Mai hopohopo i kēia mau pilikia. E hoʻomanaʻo, ua hoʻoholo ke kauka e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ke koko no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino o ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana i ke koko ma mua o kēia pilikia liʻiliʻi loa o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko .
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