Loaʻa iā kākou a pau ke koko i loko o ko kākou kino, akā ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻaʻole like nā koko a pau? Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kekahi e ʻōlelo ana, 'ʻO koʻu ʻano koko he O maikaʻi' a i ʻole 'He/She he B maikaʻi ʻole'. He aha maoli ke ʻano koko? No ke aha he mea nui ia i nā wā pilikia, e like me ka hāpai ʻana? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ma ke ʻano maʻalahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia ʻano koko?
ʻO ke ʻano koko kahi hoʻokaʻawale e kōkua i nā kauka e hoʻoholo inā kūpono kou koko me ke koko o kekahi. ʻEhā mau ʻano koko nui: A, B, AB, a me O.
Akā, ʻaʻole i pau ka moʻolelo ma laila. Nānā pū lākou inā loaʻa i kāu mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula kekahi protein kūikawā ʻē aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo ka Rh factor . Inā loaʻa kēia Rh factor i loko o kou koko, he maikaʻi kou ʻano koko (+) . Inā ʻaʻole ia, he maikaʻi ʻole ia (-) .
Ke hui pū ʻia kēia mau mea ʻelua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano koko 8 maʻamau i waena o mākou:
- He Maikaʻi (A+)
- He Maikaʻi ʻole (A-)
- B Maikaʻi (B+)
- B Maikaʻi ʻole (B-)
- AB maikaʻi (AB+)
- AB Maikaʻi ʻole (AB-)
- ʻO maikaʻi (O+)
- ʻO maikaʻi ʻole (O-)
He mea nui ka ʻike ʻana i kou mau ʻano koko inā pono kekahi i kahi hoʻoili koko ulia pōpilikia. He mea nui nō hoʻi ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kēia mau ʻano koko i nā hoʻoili ʻana o nā kino.
Pehea e hoʻoholo ʻia ai kēia mau ʻano koko? He aha ka antigen?
Hoʻoholo ʻia kou ʻano koko e kekahi mau māka ma ka ʻili o kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia mau māka he antigens .
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua like kēia mau antigens me kahi nametag i hoʻopili ʻia i kāu mau hunaola koko. ʻO kēia nametag ka mea a ka ʻōnaehana pale o kou kino e hoʻohana ai e ʻike ai inā he 'ʻokoʻa' a 'haole' paha kēia mau hunaola koko.
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā antigens a mākou e nānā nei. ʻO lākou ʻo 'A' a me 'B'. Kāhea mākou i kēia ʻōnaehana ʻo ka ʻōnaehana ABO .
| ʻAno koko | ʻO ka antigen ma luna o ka ʻili o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula |
|---|---|
| ʻAno A | Hoʻokahi wale nō antigen A. |
| ʻAno B | ʻO ka antigen B wale nō. |
| ʻAno AB | Aia nā antigens A a me B. |
| ʻAno O | ʻAʻohe antigen A a ʻaʻole hoʻi B. |
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka Rh factor a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma hope e ka loaʻa ʻana o ka antigen RhD a ʻaʻole paha.
- Maikaʻi (+): Loaʻa i kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ka antigen RhD.
- Maikaʻi ʻole (-): ʻAʻohe o kāu mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i ka antigen RhD.
ʻO nā ʻano koko RhD maikaʻi ka mea maʻamau ma ka honua. He ʻano laha ʻole ka maʻi RhD maikaʻi ʻole.
No ke aha e pono ai nā ʻano koko e kūlike kekahi me kekahi?
ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa. E noʻonoʻo ua loaʻa i kekahi kahi ulia a ke nalowale nei ke koko he nui. Pono e hāʻawi koke ʻia ke koko iā lākou. Akā, pono e hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou kahi ʻano koko e ʻae ʻia e ko lākou kino ma ke ʻano he 'ko lākou ponoʻī'.
He aha ka mea e hana ai inā hāʻawi ʻoe i kahi ʻano koko kūpono ʻole?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, inā komo ke koko me kahi antigen maʻamau ʻole (inoa inoa) i kou kino, manaʻo kāu ʻōnaehana pale he ʻenemi ia a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka iā ia. He hopena weliweli loa kēia, a hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea pono ke hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano koko i ka wā e hāʻawi ai i ke koko.
Penei ke kūlike o nā ʻano koko:
| Kou ʻano koko (mea loaʻa) | Nā kānaka e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ke koko mai iā lākou (nā mea hāʻawi) |
|---|---|
| A+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| ʻA- | ʻA-, ʻO- |
| B+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B-, ʻO- |
| AB+ (Mea Lanakila o ke Kulanui) | Hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi ʻano koko. |
| AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| ʻO+ | ʻO+, ʻO- |
| ʻO- (Mea kōkua honua) | Hiki ke loaʻa ke koko ʻano O wale nō. |
ʻO ka 'Universal Donor', kahi e hiki ai i nā mea āpau ke hāʻawi koko
ʻO ke koko ʻano O maikaʻi ʻole (O-) ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka 'mea hāʻawi honua'. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻohe antigens nui o nā hunaola koko ʻO-ʻulaʻula, e like me A, B, a i ʻole RhD, a hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kahi kanaka me kekahi ʻano koko me ka ʻole o ka hopena. I nā pilikia, i ka wā ʻaʻohe manawa e ʻike ai i ke ʻano koko o ka mea maʻi, hoʻohana nui nā kauka i ke koko O-.
Hiki i kahi 'Universal Recipient' ke loaʻa ke koko mai kekahi
Ua kapa ʻia nā kānaka me ke ʻano koko AB maikaʻi (AB+) he 'mau mea loaʻa honua'. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ke koko mai kekahi ʻano koko. ʻO kēia no ka mea aia i loko o ko lākou koko nā antigens ʻekolu, ʻo A, B, a me RhD, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike ko lākou kino i kekahi ʻano koko mai waho mai he 'haole'.
Pehea ka hopena o ke ʻano koko i ka hāpai ʻana?
He mea nui kēia no nā makuahine he nui. ʻOi aku hoʻi, inā he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ke ʻano koko o ka makuahine (-) a he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ke ʻano koko o ka pēpē (+), hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau pilikia.
E noʻonoʻo e loaʻa ana i ka pēpē ka gene Rh maikaʻi mai ka makuakāne. A laila he Rh maikaʻi ke koko o ka pēpē. Akā, he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ka makuahine. I ka wā hāpai a me ka hānau keiki ʻana, hiki i kekahi o ke koko o ka pēpē ke hui pū me ke koko o ka makuahine. A laila ʻike ke kino o ka makuahine i nā hunaola koko Rh maikaʻi o ka pēpē he 'ʻē' a hoʻouka iā lākou.Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o nā antibodies .
ʻAʻole paha he hopena nui kēia i ka hāpai mua ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā he Rh maikaʻi hoʻi ka pēpē aʻe i hāpai ʻia, hiki i nā antibodies i hana mua ʻia e ke kino o ka makuahine ke hoʻouka i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o ka pēpē.
Akā, ʻaʻohe kumu e makaʻu ai! Aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no kēia i kēia manawa. Ke ʻike ʻoe ua hāpai ʻoe, ʻo kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua mua a kāu kauka e hana ai, ʻo ia ke nānā i kou ʻano koko a me ka Rh factor. Inā he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ʻoe, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi lāʻau pale i kapa ʻia ʻo Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) i ka manawa kūpono. Pale kēia lāʻau pale i ke kino o ka makuahine mai ka hana ʻana i nā antibodies e kūʻē i ke koko o ke pēpē.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano koko kakaikahi?
ʻAe. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻōnaehana ABO a me Rh a mākou i kūkākūkā ai, hiki ke loaʻa ma mua o 600 mau antigens ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. Aia ma mua o 30 mau ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale koko ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kēia mau mea.
ʻO Rh-null kekahi o nā ʻano koko kakaʻikahi loa ma ka honua. ʻAʻohe antigens o kēia ʻano koko e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana Rh. He mea kakaʻikahi loa ia a ʻaʻole i hiki i ka 50 mau kānaka ma ka honua i hōʻike ʻia he ʻano koko kēia. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai i kekahi manawa ʻo 'ke koko gula'.
Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i kou ʻano koko?
He mea nui loa ka ʻike ʻana i kou ʻano koko. Nui nā ala e ʻike ai.
- E nīnau i kāu kauka: Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha kou ʻano koko i nā hōʻike o kahi hoʻokolohua mua āu i hana ai.
- Hāʻawi koko: ʻO kēia ke ala maikaʻi loa a waiwai nui loa. Ke hāʻawi ʻoe i ke koko, e hoʻāʻo ka waihona koko i kou ʻano koko a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi kāleka. Me ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kou ʻano koko a hoʻopakele i ke ola o kekahi.
- E kiʻi i kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau: Hiki iā ʻoe ke noi i kāu kauka e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi hāpana koko a nānā i kou ʻano koko.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kou ʻano koko e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i kou ola i ka wā o kahi ulia pōpilikia.
- ʻO ke ʻano koko O maikaʻi ʻole (O-) ka 'mea hāʻawi honua' a hiki ke hāʻawi i ke koko i kekahi. ʻO ke ʻano koko AB maikaʻi (AB+) ka 'mea loaʻa honua' a hiki ke loaʻa ke koko mai kekahi.
- Inā hāpai ʻoe, ʻoiai inā he Rh maikaʻi ʻole (-) kou ʻano koko, e kamaʻilio pono me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea. ʻAʻohe mea e hopohopo ai, loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau e pono ai i kēia manawa.
- He ala maikaʻi loa ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko e hoʻopakele ai i ke ola o kekahi, a he ala maikaʻi loa nō hoʻi ia e ʻike ai i kou ʻano koko.
- Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu e pili ana i nā ʻano koko, mai kānalua e nīnau i kāu kauka ʻohana.
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