Nā holomua o ke kanesa o ka umauma

Ke lohe kākou i ka huaʻōlelo "maʻi ʻaʻai," hoʻohoka iki kākou a pau, ʻeā? ʻOi loa aku i ka lohe ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, makaʻu loa nā wāhine o ko kākou ʻāina. Akā, mai makaʻu. Ke holomua nei ka ʻepekema lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā ʻano hana hou i ka honua e ʻike mua i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma a mālama pono iā ia. No laila, i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano hana hou a hoʻohiki. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau mea he mea nui loa ia no ʻoe a me kāu poʻe aloha.

ʻO nā ʻano scan hou loa e ʻike ai i ka maʻi kanesa

Hana pinepine mākou i kahi mammogram a me kahi ultrasound e nānā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. I kekahi manawa paipai pū nā kauka i kahi scan MRI. Akā ke nānā nei nā mea noiʻi i nā scan holomua a pololei hoʻi.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he mau ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe kēia, nā ʻano hana pololei no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa.

• Kiʻi Optical: Pili kēia i ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i kahi kukuna kukui kūikawā ma o ka umauma. Ana ka hoʻāʻo i ka nui o ke kukui e lele hou mai ana a i ʻole e hele ana ma o nā ʻiʻo. Ke hana ʻia nei ka noiʻi e ʻike inā hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia ʻano hana me MRI a i ʻole 3D mammograms e ʻike pololei ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Kiʻi ʻUma Molecular (MBI): ʻO kēia kahi e hana ʻia ai kahi mea kupaianaha maoli. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi loa o ka lāʻau radioactive (tracer) i loko o ke kino ma o kahi aa. Hele pololei kēia lāʻau i nā hunaola maʻi umauma a pili iā lākou. A laila, ke nānā ʻoe iā ia me kahi kāmela kūikawā, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi o nā hunaola maʻi. Ke nānā nei lākou i kēia manawa inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana e hana i kēia hoʻāʻo ma waho aʻe o ka mammogram no nā wahine me nā umauma mānoanoa a e nānā hou aku i nā puʻupuʻu kānalua i ʻike ʻia ma ka mammogram.
• ʻO ka Positron Emission Mammography (PEM): Ua like kēia me ka MBI, akā hoʻohana i kahi mea radioactive i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi ʻāpana kō e ʻike ai i nā hunaola kanesa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana ke hiki ʻole ke hana i kahi MRI.
• ʻOkoʻa ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka uila ma mua o nā hunaola maʻamau. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha? Ke nānā nei kēia hoʻāʻo i kēlā ʻokoʻa. Ana ia i ka ʻokoʻa ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi au uila liʻiliʻi loa ma o nā electrodes liʻiliʻi i kau ʻia ma ka ʻili.

ʻIke Hoʻopunipuni (AI) a me ka hoʻāʻo Mammogram

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka wā ma mua, ʻo kahi radiologist wale nō ke hoʻoholo inā ʻaʻohe maʻi kanesa o ka mammogram ma muli o nā hopena o ka mammogram? Akā hiki i nā kānaka ke hana hewa. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka poʻe i loaʻa ka mammogram i kēlā me kēia makahiki no 10 mau makahiki e loaʻa i kahi hopena wahaheʻe , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻohe o lākou maʻi kanesa, ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi i ko lākou ola. A ma waena o 10% a me 30% e loaʻa i kahi hopena wahaheʻe , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻohe o lākou maʻi kanesa.

I kēia manawa, ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka polokalamu AI e kōkua i nā kauka. Hiki i kēia AI ke aʻo i nā tausani o nā mammograms a ʻike i nā loli liʻiliʻi loa a ka maka kanaka e nalo ai. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo e hiki i ka AI ke hana i ka hana a ke kauka. Me ka ʻenehana o kēia wā, ʻaʻole hiki i ka AI ke pani i ke kauka. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa, i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai ka ʻike o ke kauka a me nā mākau nānā ʻoi o ka AI, hiki ke ʻike pololei a wikiwiki hoʻi i ka maʻi kanesa.

Hoʻōla i kuhikuhi ʻia

I ka wā ma mua, ua mālama ʻia ke kanesa me ka chemotherapy. ʻO ka Chemotherapy kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana āpau e māhele wikiwiki ana i loko o ke kino. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia wale i nā ʻāpana kanesa, akā, i nā ʻāpana olakino hoʻi e like me nā ʻāpana lauoho a me nā ʻāpana koko. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Akā i kēia manawa, aia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Targeted Therapy)`. He mea kūikawā loa kēia. Loaʻa i kekahi mau hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kahi protein kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo `HER2` ma ko lākou ʻili i nā nui he nui. ʻIke wale ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loaʻa kēlā protein `HER2` a hoʻouka iā lākou. He mea liʻiliʻi loa kēia e hōʻino ai i nā hunaola olakino.

Nui nā ʻano lapaʻau i hoʻolālā ʻia i loaʻa i kēia lā. ʻO 'Trastuzumab (Herceptin)' a me 'Pertuzumab (Perjeta)' he mau wale nō o lākou. Na kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa iā ʻoe.

'Liquid Biopsy': ʻIke i ka maʻi kanesa me kahi kulu koko

Ke noʻonoʻo mākou i kahi biopsy, manaʻo mākou i ka ʻoki ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai kahi wahi kānalua a nānā iā ia. Akā e noʻonoʻo pehea ka maʻalahi inā hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa me kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi? ʻO ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Liquid Biopsy."

Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi kanesa, hōʻiliʻili nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka DNA haki i loko o kou koko. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he "circulating tumor DNA". Nānā kahi biopsy wai i kēlā mau ʻāpana o ka DNA kanesa i loko o kahi hāpana koko. He nui nā pono o kēia:

• Hiki ke ʻike koke ʻia nā loli (nā mutations) i loko o ke kanesa i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana .
• No laila, hiki i nā kauka ke hoʻololi koke i nā ʻano lapaʻau a hāʻawi i kahi lāʻau kūpono.
• I kekahi manawa he mea kōkua kēia e ʻike koke inā ua hoʻi mai ke kanesa ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.

ʻOiai ke kahua noiʻi nei kēia ʻano hana, manaʻoʻiʻo nā mea a pau he mea nui loa ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Nā hoʻonā i ka maʻi kanesa ma o ka nanotechnology

He ʻepekema ka nanotechnology e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa e ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. He kōkua kupaianaha kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa.

E noʻonoʻo inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kahi pūʻolo i ka helu wahi kūpono, e like me ka mea lawe leka, ma ke kāʻei ʻana i nā lāʻau chemotherapy i loko o nā nanoparticles a hoʻouna pololei iā lākou i ke kelepona kanesa? ʻO ia ka hana a ka nanotechnology. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia, ʻo ia ka luku pololei ʻana o nā lāʻau chemotherapy i nā kelepona kanesa me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā ʻiʻo olakino a puni. Hoʻemi nui kēia i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a hoʻonui i ka holomua o ka lāʻau.

Nā Hoʻokolohua Lapaʻau

Ke hana ʻia nei nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hoʻāʻo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o kēia mau hoʻokolohua, ʻo ia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, emi nā hopena ʻaoʻao, a ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu ʻole no ka mea maʻi .

ʻO ke komo ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua e like me kēia hiki ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻāʻo i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou i nā makahiki ma mua o kona hiki ʻana i ka mākeke. Akā, ʻaʻole no nā kānaka a pau. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka mea kūpono iā ʻoe a me nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pōʻino.