ʻO ka Chemotherapy kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau a kūkākūkā nui ʻia no ka maʻi kanesa. Pili kēia i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma o ko mākou koko e pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa a hoʻōki iā lākou mai ka ulu ʻana. Akā ua ʻike anei ʻoe he ʻano like ʻole o nā lāʻau chemotherapy e hana like ʻole ana? ʻO nā antimetabolites kekahi o ia mau papa lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā. ʻOiai paha e kani paʻakikī ka inoa, he mea kupaianaha ke ʻano o kā lākou hana. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia mau antimetabolites.
Pehea e pepehi ai kēia mau antimetabolites i nā hunaola kanesa?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka hana a kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia ka hoʻopunipuni i nā hunaola kanesa, e like me ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i kahi kī hoʻopunipuni e like ke ʻano me ka mea maoli.
I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i kēia, e nānā mua kākou pehea e hana ai kahi cell kanesa (māhelehele) i nā cell hou aku. E like me kēlā me kēia cell i loko o ko kākou kino, loaʻa i nā cell kanesa kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo DNA. E noʻonoʻo i kēia me he "puke kuhikuhi" a i ʻole "blueprint" o ke cell. ʻO kēia hoʻolālā ka mea a ke cell e hana ai, a pehea e hana ai i nā kope hou aku o ia iho.
No ke kūkulu pono ʻana i kēia palapala hoʻolālā DNA, pono ke kelepona i kekahi mau mea pono. E like me ke kūkulu ʻana i hale e pono ai nā piliki a me ka sima. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau mea he metabolites. ʻO kēia nā mea nui:
- Purines: ʻO kēia nā poloka kūkulu koʻikoʻi o ka DNA a me ka RNA.
- Pyrimidines: He mau poloka kūkulu koʻikoʻi kēia o ka DNA a me ka RNA.
- ʻAkika Folic: He ʻano huaora kēia e hāʻawi ana i ka ikehu no ke kaʻina hana o ka mahele ʻana o nā cell.
Eia ka hana a kahi lāʻau antimetabolite. Hana ʻia kēia molekole lāʻau lapaʻau e like loa me nā mea hoʻohui maoli (metabolites) i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. No laila, ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kelepona kanesa e hana i kāna DNA, hoʻohana ia i kēia mea hoʻopunipuni, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka manaʻo ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohui maoli.
E noʻonoʻo ʻoe e kuke ana i ka laiki. Manaʻo ʻoe he paʻakai ia a hoʻohui ʻoe i kekahi kō āu e ʻike ai. He aha ka mea e hana ʻia? Ua huikau ka ʻono a me ke ʻano o ka laiki holoʻokoʻa, ʻeā? Pēlā nō, ke hoʻohana kahi cell kanesa i kēia mea hoʻopunipuni, ua hewa loa kāna palapala hoʻolālā DNA. Me ka palapala hoʻolālā hewa, ʻaʻole hiki i ke cell ke hana i nā kope hou aku. I ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki i ke cell kanesa ke māhele hou a make.
He aha nā ʻano nui o nā antimetabolites?
E hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe i nā mea pono ʻekolu a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua? Ua māhele ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i ʻekolu ʻano nui, ma muli o ka mea o kēlā mau ʻāpana ʻekolu a lākou e kuhikuhi ai.
- Nā mea kū'ē i ka purine: Hoʻōki kēia i nā hunaola kanesa mai ka hana ʻana i nā purine.
- Nā mea kū'ē i ka Pyrimidine: Hoʻōki kēia i nā pūnaewele kanesa mai ka hana ʻana i nā pyrimidines.
- Nā mea kū'ē i ka waikawa Folic (antifolates):Pale kēia i nā hunaola kanesa mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waikawa folic e hana i ka DNA.
He aha nā ʻano maʻi kanesa e hoʻohana ʻia ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?
Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau antimetabolite e mālama i nā ʻano maʻi kanesa he nui. Na kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa āu i loaʻa ai, kona pae, a pehea ʻoe i pane ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe (e like me nā maʻi autoimmune) ma waho aʻe o ka maʻi kanesa.
Ua papa inoa ka papa ma lalo nei i kekahi o nā lāʻau antimetabolite i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia a me nā ʻano maʻi kanesa a lākou e mālama ai.
| Inoa Lāʻau Lapaʻau | Nā ʻAno o ke Kanesa i Mālama ʻia |
|---|---|
| ʻO Fluorouracil (5-FU) | Nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, kolona, ʻōpū, pancreas, a me ka ʻili |
| ʻO Capecitabine (Xeloda®) | ʻO ke kanesa o ka umauma, ka kolona, ka ʻōpū, ka esophagus, a me ka pancreas |
| ʻO Gemcitabine (Gemzar®) | ʻO ke kanesa o ka umauma, ka māmā (ʻaʻole he cell liʻiliʻi), ka ovarian a me ka pancreatic |
| ʻO Methotrexate | Leukemia, lymphoma, maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, māmā, poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, maʻi ʻaʻai iwi (Osteosarcoma) |
| ʻO Cytarabine | Nā ʻano leukemia like ʻole (Acute myeloid, ALL, CML) |
| ʻO ka Hydroxyurea | Leukemia (CML), ke kanesa poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī |
Pehea e hāʻawi ʻia ai kēia lāʻau i ke kino?
Aia kekahi mau ala e hāʻawi ai i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hāʻawi ʻia ana.
- Intravenously (IV): ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau. Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke kino ma ke ʻano he wai saline ma o kahi cannula a i ʻole chemo port i kau ʻia ma ka lima a i ʻole ka umauma. Hiki ke mau kēia lāʻau no kekahi mau minuke, kekahi mau hola, a i ʻole kekahi mau lā.
- Ma ke ʻano he inikini: Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he inikini i loko o ka papa momona ma lalo o ka ʻili.
- Papa: Loaʻa kekahi mau antimetabolites ma ke ʻano he papa e hiki ke ale ʻia.
- Ma ke ʻano he kirīmi topical: ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau 5-FU, i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili (basal cell carcinoma), loaʻa pū kekahi ma ke ʻano he kirīmi topical.
He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao e hiki ke loaʻa mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā lāʻau chemotherapy ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi nei lākou i nā cell e māhele wikiwiki ana. ʻO nā cell cancer kahi ʻano cell e māhele wikiwiki loa. Akā ʻo ka pilikia, aia kekahi mau cell olakino i loko o ko mākou kino e māhele wikiwiki pū kekahi. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- Nā pūnaewele follicle lauoho
- Nā pūnaewele i loko o ka waha a me ke ala ʻai
- Nā ʻili huna
- Nā pūnaewele hoʻokumu koko
ʻAʻole hiki i nā lāʻau antimetabolites ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā hunaola kanesa a me nā hunaola olakino. No laila, hiki ke hōʻino ʻia kēia mau hunaola olakino. ʻO ia ke kumu e loaʻa ai nā hopena ʻaoʻao.
ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau:
- Luhi a me ka luhi
- Pohō lauoho
- Nā loli o ka ʻili (e.g. rash )
- Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi
- Ka maʻi ʻōpū (ʻeha ʻōpū)
- Makemake nui
Akā, ʻaʻole like kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao i nā kānaka a pau. Aia ia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe, ka nui o ka lāʻau, a pēlā aku. No laila, he mea nui loa e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. I kēia manawa, nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.
He aha nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?
Nā Pōmaikaʻi:
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o nā antimetabolites, ʻo ia ka pepehi ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa a me ke kāohi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o kekahi e noho nei me ka maʻi kanesa a hoʻomaʻalahi i ke ola ma ka kaohi ʻana i nā hōʻailona.
Nā Pōʻino:
ʻO ka pilikia nui nā hopena ʻaoʻao a mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole like ka hana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau no nā kānaka āpau. ʻAʻole paha e hana kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no kāu maʻi kanesa. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki i nā hunaola kanesa ke kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke emi iho ka maikaʻi. Inā hana ʻia kēia, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i kahi lāʻau chemotherapy ʻokoʻa a i ʻole kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe (e.g., radiation, immunotherapy).
Inā hāpai ʻoe, hānai waiū, a i ʻole he maʻi ʻē aʻe kou, e hoʻomaopopo pono i kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kēia lāʻau.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO nā antimetabolites kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka lāʻau chemotherapy e "hoʻopunipuni" i nā hunaola kanesa e hoʻōki iā lākou mai ka māhele ʻana.
- Hana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka pale ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea maka e pono ai lākou e hana i kā lākou DNA (genetic blueprint).
- Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea e mālama i nā ʻano maʻi kanesa like ʻole, e like me ka umauma, ka māmā, a me ka leukemia.
- Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lauoho a me ka nausea no ka mea hoʻopilikia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i nā ʻāpana olakino e māhele wikiwiki ana.
- Hiki ke hopohopo iki ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā , mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hāʻawi ʻia nei iā ʻoe, kona mau pono, nā pōʻino, a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka ʻike maikaʻi he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
💬 Comments (0)
ʻAʻohe manaʻo i kau ʻia. Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi no ka manawa mua.
Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo