Ua nānā anei ʻoe i kou mau maka i loko o ke aniani? Ua ʻike paha ʻoe he ʻokoʻa nā kala o nā maka o kou mau hoaaloha a me kou ʻohana. He mau maka ʻeleʻele ko kekahi, he mau maka polū māmā ko kekahi, a he mau maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ko kekahi. Pehea lā e loaʻa ai ke kala o kēia mau maka? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia kala maka kupaianaha.
Pehea e loaʻa ai ke kala o nā maka?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke kala o kou maka e ka iris, kahi ʻāpana o ka maka e hoʻopuni ana i ka haumāna ʻeleʻele ma waenakonu o kou maka. E like me ke aniani o kahi kāmela, hoʻomalu kēia iris i ka nui o ka mālamalama e komo ana i ka maka.
ʻĀnō, ʻo ke kumu nui i loaʻa ai ke kala o kēia hōkū hōkū, ʻo ia ka pigment i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Melanin' . Loaʻa pū ke kala o kou ʻili ma muli o kēia melanin. Ke nui aku ka melanin i loko o ka ʻili, lilo ka ʻili i ʻeleʻele, a i ka wā e emi ai ka melanin, lilo ka ʻili i māmā. Pēlā nō hoʻi no nā maka.
Loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau ka melanin ma ka papa hope o ka retina i ko lākou mau maka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka poʻe me kekahi mau maʻi, e like me ka albinism, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka melanin i ko lākou mau maka.
No laila, inā he nui kou melanin ma nā papa mua a me hope o kou iris, he mau maka ʻeleʻele kou. I kekahi manawa, kapa nā loea i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo `iris` ma ke ʻano he plural `irids`. ʻO ka poʻe me nā maka hazel a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha he emi ka melanin ma ka papa mua o ko lākou iris ma mua o ka poʻe me nā maka ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka poʻe me ka melanin liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe paha ma ka papa mua o ko lākou iris he mau maka polū a hina paha .
He aha nā kala like ʻole o kēia mau maka?
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe manaʻo like ma waena o nā loea e pili ana i nā kala maka nui i hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa. ʻO nā kala i loaʻa i kekahi mau hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻaʻole paha i loaʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau kala maka nui i ʻae nui ʻia e ka hapa nui o ka poʻe:
- Nā maka hina
- Nā maka polū
- Nā maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo
- Nā maka Hazel - Hiki ke hui pū ʻia kēia me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ke gula, a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele.
- Nā maka ʻAmber - He kala melemele gula kēia.
- Nā maka ʻeleʻele - Loaʻa kēia mai ka ʻeleʻele māmā a i ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, kokoke i ka ʻeleʻele.
E noʻonoʻo wale, ʻoiai aia kēia mau kala maʻamau, ʻo ke ʻano o kēlā mau kala i ko mākou mau maka he paʻakikī loa ia. ʻAʻohe kanaka ʻelua i like ke kala o nā maka. Hiki i nā māhoe like ke loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi i ke kala o nā maka.
No ke aha i ʻokoʻa ai ke kala o kēia mau maka?
Aia kekahi mau kumu e hoʻopilikia i kēia:
- ʻAno o ka iris:Aia paha he mau kiko liʻiliʻi a hohonu paha ma ka papa mua o kou cornea. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻolilo i kekahi mau wahi i ʻeleʻele ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me nā kiko ma kou ʻili.
- Makapō kala i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā maka ʻelua: Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā kala he nui ma kekahi a i ʻole nā maka ʻelua. Hiki i kēia ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā aka like ʻole o ke kala like. A i ʻole he kala hoʻokahi ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka iris a he kala ʻē aʻe ka ʻaoʻao o waho. Kākaʻikahi loa, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi maka he kala ʻokoʻa loa ia ma mua o kekahi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he heterochromia .
- Hoʻololi ke kala o nā maka i ke ola holoʻokoʻa: Ua ʻike anei ʻoe hiki ke loli ke kala o nā maka o nā pēpē ma mua o ko lākou piha ʻana i hoʻokahi makahiki? Hoʻololi pū ke kala o nā maka o kekahi poʻe ma hope o ke ola. Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi mau kūlana olakino ke hoʻololi i ke kala o kou mau maka.
No ke aha he ʻulaʻula a poni paha nā maka o ka poʻe me ka albinism?
ʻAʻohe a kakaikahi paha ka melanin i loko o nā maka o ka poʻe me ka albinism . Ke kakaikahi ka melanin i loko o ko lākou iris, ʻike ʻia paha ko lākou mau maka he uliuli māmā a hina paha. Eia nō naʻe, ke ʻike ʻole ʻia ka melanin ma kēlā me kēia papa o ka iris, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ko lākou retina . ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻike ʻia ai ko lākou mau maka he poni a ʻulaʻula paha.
Ke hoʻopilikia nei ke kala o nā maka i ko mākou olakino?
ʻAe, i kekahi manawa hiki ke loli ke kala o kou mau maka me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā kūlana olakino . ʻAʻohe mea ʻino kekahi o kēia mau loli, akā hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke lilo i hōʻailona o kahi mea koʻikoʻi. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:
- Nā Cataracts
- ʻO Glaucoma a me kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ia
- ʻO ka maʻi Horner
- ʻO Arcus senilis (he apo keʻokeʻo a hina paha a puni ka maka ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai me ka ʻelemakule)
I kekahi manawa, aia paha kahi pilina ma waena o ke kala o kou mau maka a me kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau maʻi. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe me nā maka ʻeleʻele i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā cataracts. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi he ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana o ka poʻe me nā maka polū i nā hopena o nā kūlana olakino noʻonoʻo e like me ka maʻi hoʻopilikia kau .
ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi loli koke i ke kala o kou mau maka, a inā paha e loli ke kala o kou mau maka ma hope o kahi ʻeha maka a i ʻole me kahi loli i kou ʻike, pono ʻoe e ʻike i kahi loea mālama maka. Hiki iā lākou ke haʻi iā ʻoe inā pono ia i ka nānā hou aku a me ka mālama ʻana.
He aha ke kala o ka maka i maʻamau pinepine ʻia?
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ke kala maka maʻamau o ka honua. ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua he mau maka ʻeleʻele. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe loea he ʻano like ʻole ke amber a me ka brown.
ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia, ʻo ia ka laulā o nā aka i loko o ke kala ʻeleʻele. Hiki i nā maka ʻeleʻele ke ʻano mai ka ʻeleʻele māmā a i ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. I kekahi o nā maka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele loa, he paʻakikī ke ʻike i kahi e pau ai ka iris a hoʻomaka ke apo ʻeleʻele.
He aha ke kala o ka maka i kakaikahi loa?
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka mea kakaikahi loa o nā kala maka nui, koe wale nō nā maka ʻulaʻula/poni i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi e like me ka albinism. Ma kahi o 2% wale nō o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua he mau maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. E noʻonoʻo i ka liʻiliʻi o ia mea!
Ua hānau ʻia nā pēpē a pau me nā maka polū?
ʻAʻole. He kuhi hewa maʻamau kēia. ʻOiai he mea maʻamau ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā pēpē me nā maka polū, ʻaʻole i hānau ʻia nā mea a pau me lākou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi 2016 he 20% wale nō o nā pēpē i hānau ʻia me nā maka polū. Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka noiʻi like ma kahi o 63% o nā pēpē i hānau ʻia me nā maka ʻeleʻele a ma kahi o 6% i hānau ʻia me nā maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo loa ka ʻōlelo "hānau ʻia kēlā me kēia pēpē me nā maka polū".
I ka manawa hea e loli ai ke kala o nā maka o nā pēpē?
ʻAʻole nā pēpē a pau e loli ke kala o nā maka, akā nui ka poʻe e loli. Inā loli ke kala o nā maka o kāu pēpē, e ʻike paha ʻoe iā ia i ka wā e 3 mahina paha ko lākou mau makahiki. Hoʻololi loa ke kala o nā maka o ka hapa nui o nā keiki i ka wā e 6 makahiki ai lākou. Eia nō naʻe, he hapa liʻiliʻi loa o nā keiki e hoʻomau i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā loli liʻiliʻi o ke kala o nā maka a hiki i ka wā makua.
Ua hoʻāʻo hou nā kānaka noiʻi nāna i mālama i ke aʻo ʻana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka makahiki 2016 i 73% o nā keiki i komo i ke aʻo mua ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope. Ua ʻike ʻia ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka wā o 2 makahiki, hoʻokahi wale nō o nā keiki ʻekolu i hoʻololi i ke kala o ko lākou mau maka.
Loaʻa i kahi pēpē ke kala o ko lākou mau maka mai ko lākou mau mākua mai?
ʻAe, akā ʻaʻole wale ke kala o nā maka o nā mākua e hoʻoholo ai i kēia. He paʻakikī loa nā genetics e hoʻoholo ai i ke kala o nā maka. Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi i nā ʻumi o nā genes a me nā hoʻololi DNA e hoʻopilikia ai i ke kala o nā maka.
No laila, ʻoiai ke kala o nā maka o nā mākua he kumu nui, ʻaʻole ia wale nō ka mea e hoʻoholo ai. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ke kala o nā maka i nā hanauna. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā he ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā maka o kahi pēpē ma mua o ko lākou makuahine a me ko lākou makuakāne, nui paha nā kumu no ia mea. He mea maʻamau kēlā.
He aha ke kala Hazel o kēia?
ʻO ka nui o ka melanin i loko o kou iris ka mea i haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mea nona nā maka ʻeleʻele, akā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea nona nā maka polū a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. ʻO nā maka Hazel ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻeleʻele, ke gula, a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo .ʻAʻole kēia he hui like mau. ʻElua wale nō o kēia mau kala i loko o nā maka o kekahi poʻe, aʻo kekahi poʻe he ʻekolu a pau. ʻO kēia ʻano like ʻole ma waena o ka poʻe me nā maka hazel he laʻana maikaʻi ia o ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi o ke kala o nā maka.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai
ʻO ke kala o kou maka kahi mea e hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe mai nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau o ke ao nei, kahi mea kū hoʻokahi iā ʻoe. Hiki iā ia ke loli i kou ola a pau, a hiki nō hoʻi iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i kou mōʻaukala a me kou kūpuna. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke kala o ka maka i kekahi manawa he hōʻailona ia i nā kūlana olakino a i ʻole nā pilikia olakino.
He mea maʻalahi ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka nani o ke kala o nā maka o kekahi (a i ʻole kou iho), ʻaʻohe mea he kumu āu e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka manawa e nānā ai. No laila, e mālama pono i kou mau maka, no ka mea, he ʻāpana ia o kou ʻano.
Waihoʻoluʻu maka , melanin, hōkū hōkū, olakino maka, maka pēpē, genetics, maka ʻeleʻele, maka polū, maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo
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