Makemake ʻoe e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o ka maʻi Meningococcal? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana!

Aia kekahi mau maʻi e kani iki ana me ka weliweli ʻoiai ke lohe ʻoe i ko lākou inoa, ʻaʻole anei ʻoe e manaʻo? I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi iki, akā hiki ke kāohi ʻia inā ʻike mua ʻoe. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he maʻi meningococcal. Mai hopohopo, e kamaʻilio maopopo kākou e pili ana i nā mea āpau.

He aha ka maʻi Meningococcal?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he maʻi bacteria ka maʻi meningococcal. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kahi bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo Neisseria meningitidis. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo meningococcus. Hiki i kēia bacteria ke hoʻopili i nā membrane pale e hoʻopuni ana i ko mākou lolo a me ke kaula spinal (i kapa ʻia ʻo meninges) a me ke koko . He mea weliweli loa kēia mau maʻi a hiki i kekahi manawa ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola . Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā meninges ma kēia ʻano, ua kapa ʻia ʻo meningococcal meningitis, a i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai ke koko, ua kapa ʻia ʻo meningococcal septicemia (e like me ka lāʻau make koko).

No ka wehewehe hou aku i ka huaʻōlelo 'meninges', ʻo ia hoʻi ko kākou ʻōnaehana nerve waena , ʻo ia hoʻi, nā membrane ʻekolu e hoʻopuni ana i ko kākou lolo a me ke kaula iwi kuamoʻo. E like me nā membrane palupalu e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka pith o kahi ʻalani, hāʻawi pū kēia i ka pale i ko kākou lolo a me ke kaula iwi kuamoʻo. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ko kākou ʻili ka membrane pale nui loa i loko o ko kākou kino. ʻO kēia mau meninges ʻekolu ʻo ia ka pia mater, ka arachnoid, a me ka dura mater.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka maʻi meningococcal a me ka meningitis?

I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe, 'No laila, he mea like anei ka maʻi meningococcal a me ka meningitis?' ʻAe, aia kahi ʻokoʻa iki. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi meningococcal e nā bacteria kikoʻī a mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻo Neisseria meningitidis . Eia nō naʻe, ʻo 'meningitis' kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no kekahi kūlana e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū o nā membrane (meninges) a puni ka lolo . No laila, hiki ke loaʻa ka meningitis i ka maʻi meningococcal. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā meningitis āpau e nā bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi meningococcal. Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka meningitis e nā virus ʻē aʻe, bacteria, a me nā fungi, maopopo?

ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka maʻi meningococcal?

ʻOiai hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i ka maʻi meningococcal, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o kekahi poʻe i ka loaʻa ʻana. E nānā kākou iā lākou:

• Ma ka hui makahiki: Nā pēpē ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki, nā pākeke ʻōpio (ʻoi aku ka poʻe ma waena o 16-23 mau makahiki), a me nā pākeke ʻōpio. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia inā pili kēia mau hui makahiki i ka uahi lua (puhi paka passive a i ʻole ka puhi paka active) .
• Huakaʻi haole: No ka poʻe e hele ana i kekahi mau ʻāina kahi i laha ai ka maʻi meningococcal.
• Nā kūlana olakino:
• ʻO ka poʻe i nele i ka spleen a i ʻole ua hōʻino ʻia nā spleens (he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ka spleen i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale).
• Nā kānaka me ka maʻi ʻeha o ke kelepona.
• ʻO ka poʻe me kekahi mau nāwaliwali i loko o kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale kino, ʻoiai ka poʻe me nā pilikia me kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana pale kino i kapa ʻia ʻo "Complement."
• ʻO ka poʻe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo "complement inhibitors" (no ka laʻana ʻo "Eculizumab (Soliris®)" a me "Ravulizumab (Ultomiris™)") i hoʻohana ʻia no kekahi mau maʻi lapaʻau kakaʻikahi.
• Ka nohona a me ke kaiapuni:
• No ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā wahi e noho kokoke ana ka poʻe he nui, e like me nā hale moe o ke kulanui a me nā hale koa. E noʻonoʻo wale, i ka wā he nui nā kānaka i loko o hoʻokahi lumi, hiki i nā germs ke laha maʻalahi ma o ka ʻū ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻūhā ʻana, ʻeā?
• ʻO nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi i ka wā o ka maʻi ahulau.
• No ka poʻe e hana pū ana me kēia bacteria ma nā keʻena noiʻi.

Pehea ka maʻamau o kēia maʻi?

Ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua emi mālie ka nui o nā hihia o kēia maʻi mai ke Kaua Honua II. I ka makahiki 2019, he 371 wale nō hihia i hōʻike ʻia ma laila. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa nā maʻi ahulau liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻoiai hoʻi i waena o ka poʻe e noho kokoke ana. Ke nānā nei nā kauka ma Sri Lanka i kēia maʻi, no ka mea, hiki ke laha koke. No laila, he mea nui loa ka makaʻala i nā hōʻailona.

He aha nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi meningococcal?

Nui nā hōʻailona o kēia maʻi. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea, pono ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke kauka. He mea nui loa ka ʻike koke ʻana i ka maʻi.

ʻO nā hōʻailona nui paha:

• Ke loaʻa nei iaʻu ke kuni kiʻekiʻe .
• He ʻeha nui koʻu poʻo .
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa . He hōʻailona maʻamau kēia e pili ana i ka maʻi meningococcal a me ka meningitis. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kulou i kou ʻāʻī i mua, a hiki ke ʻeha ke hoʻāʻo ʻoe e hoʻokomo i kou ʻauwae i kou umauma.
• Lilo i mea paʻakikī ke nānā aku i ke kukui ʻālohilohi , a me he mea lā e lilo nā maka i polū. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi kēia he "Photophobia".
• Hiki ke loaʻa ka luaʻi, ka luaʻi a me/a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ka maʻi pākī .
• ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻili e like me nā kiko liʻiliʻi ʻulaʻula a poni paha . ʻAʻole e mae kēia mau mea ke kaomi ʻia (he ʻulaʻula ʻaʻole e pala). I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea nui a like me nā palapū. He hōʻailona kikoʻī loa kēia a weliweli hoʻi.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• ʻAʻohe ʻono o ka meaʻai.
• Manaʻo huikau a huhū paha.
• Ua hiamoe mau wau a he paʻakikī ke hoʻāla.
• ʻEha i nā ʻiʻo a me nā hono.
• Aia kekahi leo e like me ka ʻūhū ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana.
• Lilo i mea paʻakikī ke hele a kū pololei paha.

Hiki i nā pēpē ʻōpio ke hōʻike i kēia mau hōʻailona ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• ʻAʻole lākou makemake e inu i ka waiū a luaʻi lākou.
• E ʻūlū a palupalu paha ke kino.
• Ka luhi nui, ka hoʻāʻo mau ʻana e hiamoe, ka paʻakikī e hoʻāla.
• Ka uē ʻana me ka leo kiʻekiʻe (ka uē nui).
• Hiki i ka wahi palupalu ma luna o ke poʻo (fontanelle) ke pehu a paʻakikī.

He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi meningococcal?

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi meningococcal e kahi bacteria . He maʻi lele ia . Hoʻolaha ʻia mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka ma o nā mea huna hanu (mucus/respiratory droplets) . I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia kēia germ ke ʻūhū, kihe, a i ʻole e launa pū kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi me kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi (no ka laʻana, ka ʻai ʻana mai ka pā hoʻokahi, ka inu ʻana mai ke kīʻaha hoʻokahi, ka honi ʻana, a pēlā aku).

He mea nui: ʻAʻole hiki i nā bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi meningococcal ke ola no ka manawa lōʻihi ma waho o ke kino. No laila, ʻaʻole paha e laha mai nā ʻili e like me nā papaʻaina a me nā noho. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka makaʻala me nā mea e like me nā hainaka a me nā ʻiʻo i hoʻohana ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi meningococcal?

Hiki i kekahi manawa ke paʻakikī ke ʻike i ka maʻi meningococcal no ka mea hiki ke like kona mau hōʻailona me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ke anu maʻamau a i ʻole ka maʻi palū . No laila, no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi, pono ke kauka e ʻimi i ka bacteria Neisseria meningitidis.

No laila, hana pinepine ke kauka:

• Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana koko a hoʻāʻo ʻia.
• I kekahi manawa hana ʻia kahi puncture lumbar (Spinal Tap) . Pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana liʻiliʻi o ke kahe a puni ke kaula spinal (cerebrospinal fluid - CSF) a hoʻāʻo iā ia. He mea weliweli iki paha kēia, akā he mea nui loa ia no ka ʻike ʻana. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki iā ia ke ʻike pololei inā loaʻa nā bacteria i loko o ka wai.

Hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau laʻana i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai inā hiki ke ulu ʻia nā bacteria (cultured). Inā ulu ka bacteria, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ka maʻi. Inā ʻaʻole maopopo kēia mau hoʻokolohua, hiki i ke kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka maʻi meningococcal?

Hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi Meningococcal me nā antibiotics . Inā kānalua kāu kauka he maʻi kou, e hoʻomaka paha lākou iā ʻoe i nā antibiotics ma mua o ka hiki iā lākou ke hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona. He mea nui loa ia e hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau i ka wā hikiwawe. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia kēia mau antibiotics ma ke ʻano he antibiotics intravenous, hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa koke nā hopena.

Ma waho aʻe o nā lāʻau antibiotic, pono paha nā lāʻau lapaʻau kākoʻo ʻē aʻe ma muli o ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Inā pilikia ka hanu ʻana, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau oxygen , malia paha e hoʻopili ʻia i kahi ventilator.
• Inā haʻahaʻa ke koko, e hāʻawi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau .
• Ke kaohi ʻana i nā pae wai o ke kino.
• I kekahi manawa, inā ua hōʻino ʻia ka ʻili a ua make ke kino, pono paha ke ʻoki ʻana e mālama ai.

Nā pilikia e pili ana i ka maʻi meningococcal

He maʻi koʻikoʻi loa kēia. ʻOiai me ka mālama ʻia me nā antibiotics, e make ana he 10 a 15 o kēlā me kēia 100 mau maʻi . Eia kekahi, ma kahi o 20% o ka poʻe i ho'ōla ʻia mai ka maʻi e loaʻa paha nā hopena lōʻihi . ʻO kēia mau mea:

• Kuli
• ʻO ka nalowale o nā lālā, ʻoiai inā lilo ka septicemia i mea koʻikoʻi.
• Ka pōʻino o ke aʻalolo
• Ka pōʻino o nā puʻupaʻa
• Hiki i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lolo ke hana i nā kūlana e like me nā pilikia aʻo, ka hemahema o ka hoʻomanaʻo, a me ka maʻi epilepsy.
• Ka ʻeha ʻili.

Hiki ke lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻōla piha ai. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic no 7 a 10 mau lā. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke lōʻihi ka manawa no kou hoʻōla piha ʻana, ʻoiai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā pilikia.

Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi meningococcal?

Aia kekahi mau mea e hiki ai iā kākou ke hana e pale aku iā kākou iho mai kēia maʻi weliweli.

1. E kiʻi i ka lāʻau pale

Ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, aia ʻelua ʻano lāʻau pale e kūʻē i ka maʻi meningococcal. Ma Sri Lanka, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau no kēia. He mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka poʻe i loko o nā hui pilikia kiʻekiʻe (e.g., nā pēpē ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki, nā ʻōpio makua, ka poʻe e noho ana i nā hale moe, a me ka poʻe me kekahi mau kūlana olakino) e kamaʻilio me ke kauka e pili ana i kēia mau lāʻau pale. He mea koi paha kēia lāʻau pale i ka wā e hele ai i kekahi mau ʻāina.

2. E lawe i nā lāʻau pale antibiotic inā pono

Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka "complement inhibitor" a mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, hiki i kāu kauka ke aʻo aku iā ʻoe e lawe i nā antibiotics e pale aku i ka maʻi meningococcal i kou wā e lawe ana i kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau "complement inhibitor" no nā maʻi kakaikahi e like me:

• ʻO ka maʻi hemolytic uremic atypical (He maʻi pili koko kēia)
• ʻO ka hemoglobinuria nocturnal paroxysmal (he maʻi koko nō hoʻi kēia)
• ʻO ka myasthenia gravis laulā (ʻo kēia ke kumu o ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo)

Eia kekahi, inā ʻoe e noho pū ana me kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi meningococcal a i ʻole ua pili loa me lākou (e.g., ma ka hale hoʻokahi, ma ka papa hoʻokahi), hiki i kāu kauka ke haʻi aku iā ʻoe e lawe i nā antibiotics ma ke ʻano he mea pale (antibiotics pale / chemoprophylaxis) . ʻO kēia ke pepehi i ka bacteria inā aia lākou i loko o kou kino, pale iā lākou mai ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi, a pale iā ʻoe mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

3. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pale ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi

Ma keʻano laulā, e noho mamao aku mai ka poʻe maʻi, ʻoiai ka poʻe me ke kuni a i ʻole ke kuni, i nā manawa hiki . E holoi pinepine a holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai., no ka liʻiliʻi he 20 kekona. E hoʻohana i kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima i loaʻa ka waiʻona ke loaʻa ʻole ke kopa a me ka wai. Mai hoʻopā i kou mau maka, ihu, a me ka waha me nā lima i holoi ʻole ʻia. E uhi i kou waha a me kou ihu me kahi ʻiʻo pepa a i ʻole kou kuʻekuʻe lima i ka wā e ʻū ana a ʻū paha. ʻOiai he mau hana olakino maʻamau kēia, hiki iā lākou ke kōkua iā ʻoe e pale aku i kēia mau maʻi weliweli.

He aha kāu e manaʻo ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi meningococcal?

He maʻi koʻikoʻi loa ka maʻi meningococcal. Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka 'Meningococcal Meningitis' a i ʻole 'Meningococcal Septicemia'. Hiki iā ia ke make . No laila, he mea nui e ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau .

Hiki ke hoʻomaka ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic ma mua o ka hiki i ke kauka ke hōʻoia he maʻi meningococcal kou, ʻoiai ʻo ka mālama mua ʻana e hoʻonui i ka manawa kūpono o ka ho'ōla piha ʻana.

ʻOiai me ka mālama ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau pilikia. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻino mau loa i ka ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻōpū o loko. A i ʻole, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia no ka manawa pōkole, e like me ka paʻakikī i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole e like me kekahi mau maʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi meningococcal ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kou ola. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana i hoʻokahi manawa ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka palekana no ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa, makemake paha kāu kauka e hoʻāʻo i kāu ʻōnaehana pale.

I ka manawa hea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka inā manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi meningococcal kou a i ʻole he mau hōʻailona kou?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi meningococcal, a i ʻole ke kānalua nei ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe, pono ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke kauka, me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole. Pono kēia e mālama ʻia ma ke ʻano he pilikia.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a inā manaʻo ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​e haʻi koke aku i kāu kauka.

ʻOiai kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi meningococcal, e like me ke kuni a me ka ʻeha o ke kino, hiki ke like me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i emi iki ka koʻikoʻi, he mea nui e ʻike a mālama koke i ka maʻi no ka mea hiki ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi koke. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​ʻoiai ka ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa , ke kuni, a me ka ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili , e ʻike pono i ke kauka. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau pale kekahi o nā hana koʻikoʻi e pale aku ai i kēia.

ʻO nā mea nui e pono ai kākou e hoʻomanaʻo mai kēia moʻolelo (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, i kēia manawa ua ʻoi aku kou maopopo i ka mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi meningococcal. E hoʻomanaʻo:

• He maʻi koʻikoʻi loa ka maʻi Meningococcal a laha koke i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria .
• ʻO ke kuni, ka ʻeha poʻo nui, ka ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa , a me nā kiko ʻulaʻula/poni ma ka ʻili (ʻoiai nā kiko ʻaʻole e mae ke keʻokeʻo ke kaomi ʻia) nā hōʻailona nui. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia mau mea , e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau .He mea nui loa ka manawa.
• He mea nui ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic no ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā ola a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pilikia lōʻihi.
• ʻO ka lāʻau pale ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho mai kēia maʻi, ʻoiai no ka poʻe i loko o nā hui pilikia kiʻekiʻe. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia.
• He mea nui nō hoʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino (holoi pinepine i nā lima, uhi i kou waha i ka wā e ʻū ana/kihe ana) a me ka noho mamao aku mai ka poʻe maʻi.
• Ma mua o ka makaʻu i kēia maʻi, he mea naʻauao ke hoʻomaopopo pono ʻia a hana i nā hana e pono ai . Inā he mau nīnau kāu a i ʻole kekahi o kou ʻohana e pili ana i kēia, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me ke kauka.

ʻO ka maʻi Meningococcal, ka maʻi Meningococcal, ka maʻi bacteria, ka meningitis, nā hōʻailona, ​​ka lāʻau pale, nā lāʻau antibiotic, Neisseria meningitidis