ʻO ka hauʻoli āu e ʻike ai ke ʻike ʻoe e lilo ana ʻoe i makuahine, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia, ʻeā? Akā i ka manawa like, aia kekahi makaʻu iki i loko o kou puʻuwai. "E olakino anei kaʻu pēpē? E holo pono anei nā mea a pau?" Inā he mau nīnau kāu i loko o kou manaʻo, he mea maʻamau loa ia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea e lilo ana i makuahine e ʻike i kēia mau manaʻo. No laila, no ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino o ʻoe a me kāu pēpē, hana mākou i nā scans like ʻole a me nā hoʻāʻo koko i kou wā hāpai. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kekahi o nā scans koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ia ka scan NT.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia Nuchal Translucency (NT) scan?
ʻAe, e wehewehe maʻalahi kākou i kēia. Loaʻa i kāu keiki liʻiliʻi i loko o kou ʻōpū kahi wai liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili, ma ke kua o kona ʻāʻī. He mea maʻamau kēia no kēlā me kēia pēpē. Ma ke ʻano lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia he Nuchal Translucency (NT).
ʻO Nuchal (i kapa ʻia ʻo "nu-kal") e pili ana i ka ʻāpana ma ke kua o ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO ke ʻano translucency (trans-lu-sun-si) e pili ana i ke ala e hele ai ka mālamalama a i ʻole nā nalu ma waena o kahi mea, ʻo ia hoʻi, kona ʻano translucency.
No laila, ʻo ka hana a kēia NT scan, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana ultrasound e ana i ka mānoanoa o kēia membrane wai ma ke kua o ka ʻāʻī o kāu pēpē. Lawe ʻia kēia ana ma nā millimeters.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole kēia he hoʻāʻo diagnostics. He hoʻāʻo screening kēia. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia scan wale nō ke ʻōlelo me ka maopopo 100% "he autism kāu pēpē." Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka loiloi ʻana i kekahi ʻano inā paha e pilikia ana ka pēpē i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano genetic a chromosomal paha (Chromosomal a Genetic variant paha).
No ke aha he mea nui kēia scan NT? He aha kāna e ʻimi nei?
Ua ʻike nā kauka a me nā ʻepekema he nui iki ka nui o kēia wai ma ke kua o ko lākou ʻāʻī i nā pēpē me kekahi mau ʻano chromosomal ma mua o kahi pēpē maʻamau. No laila, inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai NT ma mua o ka maʻamau, he hōʻailona wale nō ia e loaʻa paha kekahi pilikia no kekahi mau kūlana.
ʻO nā kūlana nui e loiloi ai kēia scan i ka pilikia no:
- ʻO ka maʻi Down (Down syndrome - Trisomy 21)
- ʻO ka maʻi Edwards (Edwards syndrome - Trisomy 18)
- ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Patau (Patau syndrome - Trisomy 13)
ʻO kēia nā ʻano chromosomal maʻamau. Eia kekahi, hiki i kahi waiwai NT kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻike i kahi pilikia o kahi maʻi puʻuwai hānau i loko o ka pēpē.
Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hana ai i kēia scan, nānā ke kauka inā e hana maʻamau ana ka ulu ʻana o kekahi mau ʻōkana kumu i loko o ke kino o ke pēpē.
I ka manawa hea i ka wā hāpai e hana ʻia ai ka NT scan?
He mea nui loa nō hoʻi kēia. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka NT scan i loko o kahi manawa kikoʻī loa .
ʻO ia hoʻi, ma waena o 11 mau pule a me 13 mau pule a me 6 mau lā o ka hāpai ʻana.
I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e lōʻihi ai ka lei aliʻi a me ka ʻūhā o ke pēpē ma waena o 45 a me 84 millimeters.
Aia kekahi kumu kūikawā no kēia. Ma hope o 14 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana, i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē, hoʻomaka ke kino e omo i kekahi o ke wai ma hope o ka ʻāʻī. Ma hope o kēlā, he mea paʻakikī loa ke kiʻi pololei i kēia ana. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ke scan i loko o kēia manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Hana pinepine ʻia kēia NT scan ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻāʻo nānā ʻana o ka trimester mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, hana pū ʻia kekahi hoʻāʻo koko ʻē aʻe me ia.
No laila he aha kēia loiloi mua o ka trimester?
Ua kapa ʻia kēia he "Hoʻāʻo Hui Pū ʻia." Pili kēia i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hopena o ka scan NT a me kahi hoʻāʻo koko i lawe ʻia mai iā ʻoe, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu kamepiula e helu ai inā pilikia ka pēpē. ʻOi aku ka pololei o nā hopena i loaʻa i ka wā i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo koko ma mua o ka wā e hana wale ʻia ai ka scan NT.
Pehea e maopopo ai iaʻu nā hopena? Pono anei au e makaʻu?
ʻO kēia ka pilikia nui loa i loaʻa i nā makuahine he nui. Ke hiki mai nā hopena, hiki ke huikau a hoʻonāukiuki. Akā, mai hopohopo. E nānā kākou pehea e hele ai kēia.
E hāʻawi ke kauka iā ʻoe i ka hopena ma ke ʻano he "pilikia." ʻO ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano he waiwai makemakika. Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki i kāu hōʻike ke ʻōlelo "1 i loko o 500."
- He aha ke ʻano o kēia?
ʻO ke ʻano kēia, inā ʻoe e lawe i 500 mau makuahine me nā hopena like me ʻoe (helu NT, hōʻike koko, makahiki, a pēlā aku), hoʻokahi wale nō o lākou i loaʻa ka manawa e loaʻa ai kahi pēpē me ke kūlana genetic. ʻO ia hoʻi, aia kahi manawa 499 e hānau olakino ʻia kāu pēpē me ka ʻole o nā pilikia.
No laila, me he mea lā he manawa kūpono kēia, ʻaʻole he hoʻoholo paʻa .
| ʻAno hopena | He manaʻo maʻalahi a he aha ka mea e hiki mai ana? |
|---|---|
| He hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e.g. 1 i loko o 1000, 1 i loko o 5000) | Hōʻike ia he haʻahaʻa loa ka pilikia o ka pēpē e loaʻa ana i kahi ʻano chromosomal. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻohe pono o nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa. E hoʻomau kāu kauka me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i ka wā hāpai e like me ka mea maʻamau. |
| He hopena pilikia kiʻekiʻe (Laʻana: 1 i loko o 100, 1 i loko o 50) | ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo he maʻi ko ka pēpē. Eia nō naʻe, kiʻekiʻe loa ka likelika/pilikia o ia mea. I kēlā hihia, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe no nā hoʻokolohua hou aku. Mai hopohopo, a e kamaʻilio pono me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia. |
He aha ka waiwai NT maʻamau?
Hoʻololi iki nō hoʻi ka waiwai NT i ka wā e ulu ana ka pēpē. Akā ma ke ʻano laulā, manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā kauka he maʻamau ka waiwai ma lalo o 3.0 a i ʻole 3.5 mm . Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia waiwai wale nō e hoʻoholo ai. Hoʻomaulia ʻia ka pilikia ma ka lawe pū ʻana i nā mea āpau, e like me kou makahiki a me nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo koko. No laila, mai nānā wale i kahi helu ma ka hōʻike a hiki i kāu mau hopena ponoʻī. E hōʻoia e hōʻike iā ia i kāu kauka a wehewehe iā ia.
He aha kāu e hana ai inā hōʻike ka hopena ua kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia?
ʻO ka mea mua, e hanu hohonu a mālie. ʻAʻole pilikia nā pēpē a pau me kahi hopena kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono ʻoe e nānā hou aku.
E kuhikuhi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe i kahi loea a i ʻole ke kākāʻōlelo genetic a wehewehe i ka mea e hana ai ma hope. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia penei:
- ʻO ka Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): He hoʻāʻo kēia i hana ʻia ma waena o 11-14 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana. Pili ia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai ka placenta a me ka nānā ʻana i nā chromosomes o ka pēpē.
- Amniocentesis: He hoʻāʻo kēia i hana ʻia ma hope o 15 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana. Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana liʻiliʻi o ka wai amniotic e hoʻopuni ana i ka pēpē a hoʻāʻo ʻia.
He mau hoʻokolohua diagnostic kēia mau hoʻokolohua ʻelua. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoi aku ka pololei o nā hopena ma mua o 99%. No ka mea, he kakaikahi loa nā pilikia e pili ana i kēia mau hoʻokolohua, hiki iā ʻoe a me kāu hoa ke kūkākūkā inā e hana iā lākou me kāu kauka.
E hoʻomanaʻo, he nui nā hihia kahi inā kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai o ka NT scan, hōʻoia ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka pēpē. No laila, mai hopohopo.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He hoʻāʻo ultrasound ka NT scan i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka trimester mua o ka hāpai ʻana (nā pule 11-13) e ana i ka mānoanoa o ke wai e uhi ana i ke kua o ka ʻāʻī o ke pēpē.
- ʻAʻole kēia he hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia ai i kahi maʻi, akā he hoʻokolohua e loiloi ai i ka pilikia o nā maʻi chromosomal e like me Down syndrome.
- No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena pololei, hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo koko (Combined Test) me ka NT scan.
- Mai hopohopo inā ʻo ka hopena he "High Risk." ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo he pilikia maoli nō me ka pēpē, akā pono e hoʻāʻo hou ʻia.
- E kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hopena a i ʻole nā hopohopo āu e loaʻa ai. Mai lele i nā hopena ma muli o ka ʻike i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele.
- ʻAʻole e hōʻeha kēia scan iā ʻoe a i kāu pēpē paha. He hoʻāʻo palekana loa ia.
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