He aha inā e make ʻoe i ka lāʻau make? E aʻo kākou e pili ana i ka 'Organophosphate Poisoning'!

Hoʻohana mākou a pau i nā pesticides a me nā herbicides. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana me ka ʻole o lākou no nā hana o ka home a i ʻole ka mahiʻai. Akā, ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ke ʻano o ke kūlana weliweli e hiki mai ana inā komo kekahi o nā kemika i loko o kēia meaʻai i loko o ko mākou kino? ʻO kekahi o ia kūlana weliweli ua kapa ʻia ʻo 'Organophosphate Poisoning'. ʻOiai he kumuhana koʻikoʻi kēia, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ia mea me ka maʻalahi a me ke ʻano maopopo.

He aha kēia mau 'organophosphates'? Ma hea lākou e loaʻa ai?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he hui kemika nā 'Organophosphates'. Loaʻa pinepine iā mākou lākou i loko o:

• I nā mea pepehi pepeke: I nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e kaohi i nā pepeke ma ka mahiʻai a ma nā home.
• I nā mea pale pepeke: I nā mea e pale aku ai i nā pepeke e like me nā makika a me nā nalo.
• I nā lāʻau lapaʻau make: Nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia e pepehi i nā nāhelehele.
• Kekahi mau mea hoʻolaha aʻalolo kaua kemika: He mau kemika weliweli kēia e hōʻino ana i ka ʻōnaehana aʻalolo a hoʻohana ʻia i nā kūlana kaua.

Inā komo kēia mau 'organophosphates' i ko kākou kino, hōʻino lākou i kā kākou ʻōnaehana nerve a hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kā kākou mau kino. Inā paha e hana ʻia kēia lāʻau make ma ke ʻano pōkole a lōʻihi paha, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hanu a me ka make.

He aha nā ʻano organophosphates maʻamau e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i ka lāʻau make?

Eia kekahi mau ʻano maʻamau o nā organophosphates e hoʻoulu pinepine ai i ka lāʻau make:

• Chlorpyrifos - Ua lohe paha ʻoe iā 'Dursban'.
• Diazinon
• Fenthion
• Malathion
• Parathion

I ke kaua kemika, ʻo ka organophosphate i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Sarin' ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.

Pehea ka maʻamau o ka lāʻau make organophosphate?

Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau mea ʻawahia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā ʻāina mahiʻai. Akā i kēia manawa ua ʻike nui ka poʻe i nā pōʻino o kēia mau kemika ma mua o ka wā ma mua, ua emi iki ka nui o nā mea ʻawahia. Eia nō naʻe, he pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi kēia.

Ke hoʻohana mau nei anei nā organophosphates?

ʻAe, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau organophosphates i ka mahiʻai ma ke ʻano he pesticides ma nā mea kanu meaʻai. No laila, pono ʻoe e makaʻala loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau mea.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka 'Organophosphate Poisoning'?

Hiki i nā hōʻailona o kēia lāʻau make ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole i loko o kou kino. E hoʻomanaʻo, hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke hiki koke mai a i ʻole hiki ke ʻike mālie ʻia.

• ʻŌnaehana cardiovascular:
• Hoʻonui a emi paha ka helu o ka puʻuwai.
• Hoʻonui a emi paha ke koko.
• Puʻuwai kūpono ʻole.
• ʻŌnaehana nerve waena:
• ʻEha poʻo.
• Hoʻomaha ʻole.
• Nā ʻōʻili.
• Ka nalowale o ka ʻike.
• Mokuʻāina koma.
• Nā maka:
• Ke kahe nei nā waimaka.
• ʻUlaʻula o nā maka.
• Nā haumāna paʻa.
• ʻŌnaehana ʻōpū:
• ʻeha ka ʻōpū.
• Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi.
• Ka maʻi pākī.
• ʻŌnaehana genitourinary:
• Ka mimi pinepine ʻana a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka mimi ʻana.
• ʻŌnaehana Musculoskeletal:
• Ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo.
• ʻŌpū ʻiʻo.
• Ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā ʻiʻo i kāohi ʻole ʻia (fasciculations).
• ʻŌnaehana hanu:
• Ihu kahe, e like me ke anu.
• Hanu ʻū.
• Pōkole o ka hanu.
• Paʻa ka umauma.
• ʻO ka hanu ʻana me ka wikiwiki a lohi paha ma mua o ka maʻamau (hyperpnea a i ʻole bradypnea).
• Ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka mucus mai loko mai o nā māmā (bronchorrhea).
• ʻIli:
• Ka hou nui ʻana.

Mea nui: Inā ʻike ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi āu i ʻike ai i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā organophosphates, he mea nui e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

Pehea e komo ai kēia mau 'organophosphates' i ke kino? ʻO wai ka mea i pilikia nui?

ʻEkolu ala nui e komo ai kēia mau kemika i loko o ko kākou kino:

1. Ke komo ʻana ma o ka waha a i ʻole ka ihu: Ma ka inu ʻana a i ʻole ka hanu ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka wai i loaʻa kēia mau mea.

2. Ka omo ʻana ma o ka ʻili: Hiki ke omo ʻia kekahi mau organophosphates i loko o ke kino ʻoiai inā e pili ana lākou me ka ʻili.

E nānā pū kākou i ka mea i pilikia nui i kēia lāʻau make:

• ʻO ka poʻe e hana pinepine me nā pesticides a me nā herbicides: ʻOi aku ka pilikia o ka poʻe mahiʻai, nā limahana mahinaʻai, a me nā limahana kaohi pest no ka mea ua pilikia mau lākou i kēia mau kemika.
• No ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā wahi e hana ʻia ai ke kaua a i ʻole nā ​​hana hoʻoweliweli: Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā mea e like me nā 'agent nerve' i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.
• I ka poʻe e ale ana i kēia mau mea me ka manaʻo e hōʻeha iā lākou iho: He kūlana kaumaha loa kēia.

Inā manaʻo ʻoe e hōʻeha ana ʻoe iā ʻoe iho a i ʻole he mau manaʻo pepehi kanaka kou, he mea nui loa ia e kamaʻilio me kahi mea āu e hilinaʻi ai, a i ʻole e ʻimi i ke aʻoaʻo olakino noʻonoʻo loea. ʻAʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi, a mai makaʻu e noi i ke kōkua.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ke komo nā organophosphates i ke kino? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi...

ʻAe, e nānā kākou i ka mea e hana ʻia ke komo kēia mau 'organophosphates' i loko o ke kino. He moʻolelo ʻepekema kēia, akā e haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.

I mea e hana pono ai kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve, aia kahi ʻelele kemika i kapa ʻia ʻo 'acetylcholine' (neurotransmitter). ʻO kēia ka mea e kāohi i nā mea he nui, e like me ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻiʻo. Ke pau ka hana a kēia 'acetylcholine' (acetylcholine), hele mai kahi enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo 'cholinesterase' a wāwahi iā ia. ʻAe kēia i ka ʻōnaehana nerve e hoʻi i ka maʻamau a pale i nā ʻiʻo a me nā aʻalolo mai ka hoʻoulu nui ʻia.

E noʻonoʻo, hoʻā ʻoe i ke kukui ma ke kāʻei ʻana i kahi kuapo. Hana kēia enzyme 'cholinesterase' e like me ke kinai ʻana i ke kuapo ke pau ʻoe.

I kēia manawa, ke komo nā organophosphates i ke kino, hoʻōki lākou i ka hana o ka enzyme cholinesterase. He aha ka mea e hana ʻia? Ma kahi o ka wāwahi ʻana i ka acetylcholine, hōʻiliʻili ia ma nā synapses kahi e pili ai nā ʻāpana nerve kekahi i kekahi. Ua like ia me ke kuapo kukui e pio ana. A laila lilo ka ʻōnaehana nerve i mea hoʻonāukiuki nui ʻia, nalowale ke kino holoʻokoʻa i ka mana, a ʻike ʻia kēlā mau hōʻailona weliweli aʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua. Maopopo iā ʻoe?

He aha nā pilikia e hiki mai ana inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia?

Inā ʻaʻole mālama koke ʻia ka lāʻau make organophosphate, hiki i nā hōʻailona ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi a hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. ʻO ka hemahema o ka hanu ke kumu nui o ka make mai kēia lāʻau make.

Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia ʻē aʻe:

• Ka maʻi lolo o ke aʻalolo cranial
• Poho hoʻomanaʻo
• Nā maʻi ʻiʻo `(Myopathy)`
• ʻO ka neuropathy peripheral
• ʻO ka maʻi noʻonoʻo

Pehea e ʻike pololei ai nā kauka i ka 'organophosphate poisoning'?

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ke kauka i kēia lāʻau make ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻike e pili ana i nā kemika i hōʻike ʻia iā ʻoe (inā ʻoe e hana me nā pesticides, pono ʻoe e haʻi i kāu kauka), a i kekahi manawa nā hoʻokolohua koko. ʻO ke kikoʻī, he hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i kou mau pae o ka acetylcholinesterase.

Ma muli o ka like ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka lāʻau make organophosphate me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e loiloi i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa a hoʻoholo i ke kumu pololei o kāu mau hōʻailona. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko ʻē aʻe
• Nā hoʻāʻo mimi
• Nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi e like me MRI a i ʻole CT scans
• EEG (kahi hoʻāʻo e ana i ka hana o ka lolo)
• Ke aʻo ʻana i ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā aʻalolo (kahi hoʻāʻo e ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hele ʻana o nā leka ma o nā aʻalolo)

Ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o kēia lāʻau make i ke ola, hoʻomaka paha nā kauka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo āpau.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka lāʻau make organophosphate?

ʻOiai he pilikia kēia, pono e hoʻomaka koke ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Aia kekahi mau koho lapaʻau nui:

1.Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana: He mea nui loa kēia.

• Ke wehe ʻana i nā lole: Pono e wehe koke ʻia nā lole a pau i ʻaʻahu ʻia e ka mea i make i ka lāʻau make, no ka mea, hiki ke haumia pū ʻia me nā kemika. E wehe palekana nā limahana o ka haukapila i nā lole.
• Holoi ʻili: E holoi pono i kou ʻili, ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu manawa, me ke kopa a me ka wai. E wehe kēia i nā kemika ma luna o ka ʻili. A laila e hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe kahi lole haukapila maʻemaʻe e ʻaʻahu ai.

2. Ka mālama ʻana me ka lāʻau lapaʻau:

• Atropine: Hana kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻoulu nui ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve.
• Pralidoxime: ʻO kēia ka lāʻau pale no nā organophosphates. Hoʻoulu hou ia i ka enzyme cholinesterase e wāwahi ana i ka acetylcholine.
• Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua ma o kahi 'IV', ʻo ia hoʻi, ma o kahi wai saline i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o kahi aa.

3. Ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā pilikia hanu:

• Inā koʻikoʻi nā hōʻailona a paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana, pono paha ka intubation, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi ʻōmole hanu, e wehe mau ai ke ala ea.

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e hoʻōla ai ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

Aia kēia i ka nui a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka lāʻau make. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke manaʻo maikaʻi i loko o kekahi mau lā, aʻo kekahi e hala paha i nā pule. Na kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka manawa kūpono loa no kou kūlana.

Hiki ke ho'ōla piha ʻia mai kēia lāʻau make?

ʻAe, hiki ke ho'ōla piha ʻia mai ka lāʻau make organophosphate. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi pilikia e hiki ke hoʻi hou mai nā hōʻailona a i ʻole e hiki ke hōʻino mau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana nerve.

ʻO kou manaʻo no ka ho'ōla hou ʻana e pili ana i kekahi mau mea:

• Ka nui o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā organophosphates.
• Ke ʻano o ka organophosphate i hōʻike ʻia.
• ʻO ke ala e komo ai nā organophosphates i ke kino (ma o ka hanu ʻana, ma o ka ʻili, a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana).
• ʻO kou kūlana olakino maʻamau i ka manawa o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana.

Eia kekahi laʻana, inā ʻoe e hanu i kekahi mau organophosphates, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana me kou ʻili.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka World Health Organization, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka make ma muli o ka lāʻau make organophosphate ma waena o 2% a me 25%. No laila , hiki i ka mālama koke ke hōʻemi nui i ka hiki ke hōʻino i ke ola.

Hiki ke pale ʻia ka lāʻau make ʻana o ka Organophosphate?

I kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kūlana kaua a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā 'organophosphates', hiki ke paʻakikī ke pale aku i kēia.

Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoe e hana me kēia ʻano kemika weliweli, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia mau mea e hōʻemi ai i kou pilikia:

• E komo i nā lako pale pilikino (PPE): nā mea e like me nā mīkina lima a me nā pale maka.
• E wehe i nā lole i pili me nā kemika ma waho a e hoʻololi i nā lole ma mua o ke komo ʻana i loko o ka hale.
• E ʻauʻau a holoi pono i kou kino ma hope o ka hana ʻana me kēia mau huahana.
• E holoi pono i kou mau lima ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka inu ʻana.

Āhea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka? He aha kāu e hana ai i ka wā pilikia?

Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua pili ʻoe i nā organophosphates, e hele koke i ka haukapila kokoke loa a kāhea aku paha i nā lawelawe lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia. Mai hoʻonele i ka manawa. Mai kali a hiki i kou hoʻomaka ʻana e ʻike i nā hōʻailona.

E hoʻomanaʻo, he kūlana hoʻoweliweli kēia i ke ola, no laila ʻo ka hana wikiwiki ka mea nui loa.

Nā nīnau koʻikoʻi e nīnau aku i kāu kauka

Inā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea āu i ʻike ai e ʻike nei i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i kāu kauka i kēia mau nīnau:

• He aha ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻōlelo ʻia noʻu?
• Aia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
• Pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana? (ʻOi loa aku hoʻi ma ka home)
• Pehea e ʻike ai inā he mau organophosphates ma kaʻu wahi hana?
• Inā hana wau me nā organophosphates ma ka hana, he aha nā hana palekana e hiki iaʻu ke hana e pale aku ai iaʻu iho mai ka lāʻau make?

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

He mea koʻikoʻi loa ka 'ʻAi ʻana i ka Organophosphate'. Nui ka poʻe ma ko kākou ʻāina, ʻoiai ka poʻe e komo ana i nā hana mahiʻai, e pilikia paha. He mea ʻino kēia mau kemika i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. No laila, pono e makaʻala loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau mea.

Inā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi āu i ʻike ai e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona o ka lāʻau make organophosphate, mai hopohopo. E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau. Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua ke pale i ka nalowale o ke ola. E noho palekana, e noho hoʻomau i ka ʻike!

ʻO nā Organophosphates, ka lāʻau make, nā pepeke pepeke, nā pesticides, nā hōʻailona, ​​​​​​kōkua mua, palekana