Hana like anei ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā kānaka a pau? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau: Precision Medicine!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe no ke aha i kūpono ʻole ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau like a me nā ʻano lapaʻau no kēlā me kēia maʻi a me kēlā me kēia kanaka? I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole paha e kūpono nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e hāʻawi ai i kāu hoaaloha no ka maʻi like iā ʻoe. ʻO ia ke kumu e kamaʻilio nei ke ao nei e pili ana i kēia ʻano lapaʻau hou ma ke ʻano he hopena. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo 'Precision Medicine' a i ʻole ``(Precision Medicine)''. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā.

He aha ka lāʻau lapaʻau Precision?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he lāʻau lapaʻau kēia i kūpono iā ʻoe, kūikawā iā ʻoe. E noʻonoʻo, kou mau genes, ke kaiapuni āu e noho nei, kou nohona - he ala hou kēia o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia mau mea āpau a me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka mālama ola kino maikaʻi loa. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki i nā ʻepekema a me nā kauka ke wānana mua i ke ʻano o nā ʻano pale maʻi, ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ke ʻano o ka hui e kūpono. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi kēia ʻo 'lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino'.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻike mākou i nā kauka e hoʻolālā pinepine i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano e kūpono ai no ke 'kanaka maʻamau'. ʻO ia hoʻi, he ʻano 'hoʻokahi-nui-kūpono-āpau'. Ma kēia, ʻaʻole lākou e noʻonoʻo nui i nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā kānaka. No laila, hana maikaʻi kēia ʻano no kekahi poʻe, no kekahi mau maʻi. Akā, no kekahi poʻe, no kekahi mau maʻi, ʻaʻole ia e hana iki. ʻO ia ka hopena no kēia, i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Precision Medicine)`. Pili kēia i ke koho ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūpono loa i kou kino, kou mau genes, a me kou nohona.

He aha kēia Precision Medicine Initiative?

He papahana koʻikoʻi loa kēia a kūikawā i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka National Institutes of Health (NIH) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻoihana nui loa ma laila e noiʻi ana i nā maʻi a hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino - me kekahi mau ʻoihana noiʻi kaulana ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻO kā lākou hoʻoikaika nui ʻana, ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i nā ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻohana ai i nā mea e like me kou mau genes, kou wahi noho, a me kou nohona e mālama a pale aku i nā maʻi.

He mau pahuhopu pōkole a me ka wā lōʻihi ko kēia "Precision Medicine Initiative".

• ʻO ka pahuhopu pōkole ka lawe ʻana mai i kēia manaʻo o ka "Precision Medicine" i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa. Makemake nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ka US National Cancer Institute e hoʻomaopopo hohonu i ka biology a me ka genetics o ke kanesa a hoʻomohala i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. E noʻonoʻo, i ka wā e ulu ai kahi kanesa, inā ʻike pono ʻoe i ke ʻano o ke kanesa a me nā loli genetic i hoʻokumu ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi iā ia i kahi lāʻau e hana no ia, ʻeā?"
• " Pahuhopu lōʻihi""E pili ana kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kēia `(Precision Medicine)` i nā ʻano āpau o ka mālama ola kino. No kēia, ua hoʻomaka ka `(NIH)` i kahi papahana noiʻi kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo `(All of Us Research Program)`. Ma o kēia noiʻi, ke hōʻiliʻili nei lākou i ka ʻike mai kahi hui nui o ka poʻe me nā ʻano genetic like ʻole a me nā ʻano nohona, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā ʻikepili, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e ʻike pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mālama ola kino no nā mea āpau."

He aha nā pono e loaʻa iā mākou mai ka Precision Medicine?

Hiki i kēia ʻano hana "Precision Medicine" ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kou olakino a me ka mālama olakino āu e loaʻa ai ma nā ʻano he nui. E nānā i kēia mau pono:

• Hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻohana i kāu ʻike genetic e kōkua i ka mālama olakino o kēlā me kēia lā. E noʻonoʻo i ka waiwai o ia mea! No ka laʻana, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena ʻaoʻao hou aʻe i nā poʻe me kekahi mau genes. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kāu ʻike genetic e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e pale i ka lawe ʻana i kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
• Loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻike maikaʻi aʻe i ke kumu o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ma kahi o ka mālama wale ʻana i nā hōʻailona, ​​​​hiki iā mākou ke mālama i ke kumu o ka maʻi.
• Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike mua i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa iā ʻoe . A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pono ʻole a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Mālama ʻoe i ka manawa a me ke kālā.
• Aia kekahi mau ʻano hana holomua no ka pale ʻana, ka nānā ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻoholo inā he predisposition genetic i kekahi mau maʻi ma mua o ko lākou ulu ʻana.
• E maʻalahi ke komo ʻana i kāu mau moʻolelo olakino uila (EHR) - nā moʻolelo o kou mau maʻi, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā hoʻokolohua i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana kamepiula. E maʻalahi kēia i nā kauka ke komo i kāu ʻike lapaʻau a hoʻolālā i ka mālama ʻana.

Ma hea kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ʻo Precision Medicine i kēia manawa?

Ke hoʻohana nei nā kauka i kēia ʻano hana "Precision Medicine" ma nā wahi he nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻOiai aia nō ia i kona wā mua, he mea hoʻoikaika loa nā hopena. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:

• ʻO ka oncology pololei
• ʻO ka immunotherapy maʻi kanesa
• ʻOihana Pharmacogenomics
• Nā maʻi laha ʻole

E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēlā me kēia o kēia me nā kikoʻī hou aku? A laila e maopopo maikaʻi iā ʻoe ke koʻikoʻi o kēia.

He aha ka oncology kikoʻī?

Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine nā kauka i ke kanesa ma ka ʻāpana o ke kino e noho ai (e.g. kanesa māmā, kanesa umauma) a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā ʻiʻo (e.g. lymphoma). Akā me kēia "Precision Medicine", ke ʻike nei lākou i nā manamana lima molekala o nā kanesa like ʻole.ʻO ia hoʻi, e like me ko mākou mau manamana lima, ʻike mākou i nā ʻano kemika liʻiliʻi a me nā loli genetic i kū hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia maʻi kanesa. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau māka, ua hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia nā maʻi kanesa i nā ʻano a me nā subtypes.

Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi he nui nā ʻano like o nā maʻi kanesa e ulu ana ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino ma ka pae molekala. No laila, ʻo kēia "Precision oncology" e ʻae i nā kauka e koho i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka "pūlima DNA" o ke kanesa o ke kanaka. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ma kahi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kānaka a pau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau like, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopilikino pono ʻia no kēlā kanesa, i kēlā loli genetic. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka holomua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

He aha ka immunotherapy no ke kanesa?

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe hiki i ka ʻōnaehana pale o kou kino ke pale i kekahi mau maʻi kanesa mai ka ulu ʻana? ʻO kēia no ka mea he hiki kūlohelohe kona e ʻike a luku i nā hunaola ʻē. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa he maalea loa nā hunaola kanesa a pale aku lākou i kēia ʻōnaehana pale, peʻe, a ulu.

Akā, ma o kēia ʻano hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "Cancer immunotherapy", ke hoʻopunipuni nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā hunaola kanesa! Ua ʻike anei ʻoe pehea? Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī e kāohi i ka maʻi kanesa, a i kekahi manawa e hoʻōla loa iā ia. He mea kupaianaha maoli kēia, ʻeā?

Hiki i kēia mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau "Cancer immunotherapy" ke hoʻohālike i ka hana a nā molekala ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe o kou kino, a i ʻole e hoʻoikaika iā lākou. ʻO kēia mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau:

• Hoʻopaʻa nā antibodies anticancer i nā cell cancer a luku iā lākou.
• ʻO nā ʻano hana e lawe ai i kāu mau hunaola ponoʻī, "hoʻonui" iā lākou i loko o ka lab, a hoʻokomo hou iā lākou i loko o kou kino.
• He mau lāʻau pale kūikawā nā lāʻau pale e aʻo ana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻouka i nā hunaola kanesa.

He aha ka Pharmacogenomics?

He kumuhana hohonu iki kēia, akā he mea nui loa ia. ʻO Pharmacogenomics ke aʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o kāu DNA i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai. Hoʻohui kēia kahua i ka pharmacology - ke aʻo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau - a me ka genomics - ke aʻo ʻana i nā genes - e hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi a me nā dosis i hoʻopilikino ʻia i nā loli kikoʻī i kāu mau genes.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka "Pharmacogenomics" ʻo ia ke neʻe aku mai ke ʻano "hoʻokahi nui e kūpono i nā mea āpau". Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia manawa he nui nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o kou kino i nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole. ʻAʻole wale kou makahiki, ke kāne, a i ʻole ka nui o ke kino. He kuleana nui ko kāu mau genes i kēia. Hoʻāʻo ka "Precision Medicine" e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono, ma ka nui kūpono, no kou kino. A laila e hana pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau a emi iho nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Nā maʻi laha ʻole a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau pololei

Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi, ma kahi o 25-30 miliona mau kānaka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō e ʻeha nei i nā kūlana genetic kakaʻikahi. Aia kekahi mau maʻi ma Sri Lanka. He mea paʻakikī loa ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau maʻi. Ua aʻo ʻia nā haneli o ia mau pilikia lapaʻau paʻakikī loa ma o ka 'Undignosed Disease Program' ma ka (NIH). Ma o kēlā noiʻi, ua hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā maʻi he nui. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana genetic, ua hiki ke ʻike i nā kīnā genetic pololei e hoʻokumu ai i kēia mau maʻi kakaʻikahi.

Ua hoʻonui ka NIH i kēia papahana i kekahi mau kikowaena ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻāina e aʻo i nā maʻi hou aku. Ke hana pū nei lākou me kekahi mau hoa ʻē aʻe e hoʻomohala koke i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no kēia mau maʻi laha ʻole. He manaʻolana nui ka Precision Medicine no ka poʻe e like me kēia.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o 'Precision Medicine' a me 'Personalized Medicine'?

Wahi a ka US National Research Council, ʻo 'Personalized Medicine' kahi huaʻōlelo kahiko i hoʻohana ʻia e pili ana i ka 'Precision Medicine'. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua like ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua.

Eia nō naʻe, ua hopohopo iki ka ʻaha kūkā i ka wā e ʻōlelo ai ka poʻe 'pilikino', manaʻo lākou e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa a kūpono hoʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wale ʻoe ke kumu o ka "Precision Medicine". Akā, e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hana maikaʻi loa no nā hui o ka poʻe - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā ʻano genetic a me ke ʻano o ka nohona e like me ʻoe. I kēia manawa, ʻo "Precision Medicine" ka huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana nui ʻia a manaʻo ʻia he kūpono. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana mau ka poʻe i nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua me ke ʻano like. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo kēia ʻano hana e hoʻāʻo e hāʻawi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pololei a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i nā kānaka a pau ma ke ʻano like.

He aha ka mea nui a kākou e makemake ai e lawe i ka home mai kēia moʻolelo?

ʻO kou mau genes, ke kaiapuni āu e noho nei, kou nohona - hoʻopilikia kēia mau mea āpau i kou olakino. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka "Precision Medicine" ʻo ia ke aʻo ʻana i kēia mau mea āpau a hana e pale a kōkua iā ʻoe. A laila, ma kahi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea āpau i ka lāʻau like, hiki i kāu mau kauka ke hana i kahi hoʻolālā e pale a mālama i nā maʻi e kūpono iā ʻoe. Ke hoʻohana nei nā kauka i ka "Precision Medicine" ma nā wahi he nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā, he nui nā mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kahua mālama ola i ka wā e hiki mai ana a he mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo. No laila, he manaʻolana nui kēia no ko kākou wā e hiki mai ana i ka mālama ola!

"E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole pili ka "Precision Medicine" i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā no nā kānaka āpau, akā, e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono a maikaʻi loa no kahi hui o nā kānaka me nā ʻano like me ʻoe."

I ka holomua ʻana o kēia ʻenehana, e hiki iā kākou ke hakakā me ka holomua i nā maʻi he nui. No laila, he mea nui loa ka noho ʻana ma ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mea hou e like me kēia.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī, Genetics, Lapaʻau ʻana i ke kanesa, Lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino, Lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki mai ana, ʻenehana olakino