ʻIke anei ʻoe i nā kala ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka Tetrachromacy!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kala he nui aʻe ma mua o nā kala ʻehiku o ke ānuenue? A i ʻole ua paio paha ʻoe me kahi hoaaloha e pili ana i ke kala o kahi lole, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, "ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole, ʻo kēia ke kala," a i ʻole "ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole, ʻo ia ke kala?" Inā pēlā, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi mana nui loa, kūikawā. I kēia lā, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka hiki ke ʻike i nā kala ma ke ʻano ʻē. Kāhea mākou i kēia tetrachromacy.

He aha ka Tetrachromacy?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he ʻano ʻike kala kakaikahi a koʻikoʻi loa ka tetrachromacy i loaʻa wale i kekahi mau wahine. ʻAʻole ia he maʻi, he ʻano ia.

I loko o ko kākou mau maka, aia kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka retina. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano pūnaewele kūikawā e ʻike i ka mālamalama. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau photoreceptors. ʻElua ʻano o kēia mau pūnaewele. ʻO kekahi nā cones, a ʻo kekahi nā rods. Kōkua nā rods iā mākou e ʻike i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo a me ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā cones ke kuleana nui no ka ʻike ʻana i ke kala.

ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa iā kākou āpau ʻekolu ʻano o nā hunaola cone i loko o ko kākou mau maka. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau mea ʻekolu, hiki iā kākou ke hoʻokaʻawale a ʻike i kahi miliona mau kala.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻehā ʻano o nā cell cone i loko o ko lākou mau maka o ka poʻe me ka tetrachromacy. Ma muli o kēlā cell cone ʻehā, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā haneli miliona o nā kala, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli manawa ma mua o ke kanaka maʻamau. E noʻonoʻo, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā tausani o nā kala like ʻole no ke kala ʻulaʻula a mākou e ʻike ai.

Pehea e hana ai kēia pūnaewele cone ʻehā?

ʻO ka mea mua, e nānā kākou i nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā cell cone i loaʻa iā kākou āpau.

• ʻUlaʻula-koʻikoʻi (L-cones): Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻo 'L' (Lōʻihi) cones no ka mea he lōʻihi ka nalu o ka ʻulaʻula.
• ʻŌmaʻomaʻo-koʻikoʻi (M-cones): Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻo 'M' (Medium) cones no ka mea aia lākou ma waenakonu o ka ʻike maka.
• ʻAʻole pilikia i ka polū (S-cones): Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau cones 'S' (Pōkole) no ka mea he pōkole ka nalu o ka polū.

ʻO ke kanaka me ka tetrachromacy he ʻano ʻehā o ka cell cone ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia i ka pae ma waena o ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole ka ʻalani. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia cell cone keu e kahi mutation genetic .

I kēia manawa, ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe, pehea lā ʻoe e ʻike ai i nā kala he nui me hoʻokahi wale nō cone cell keu? E noʻonoʻo ʻoe e pena ana. Loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻekolu mau kala mua (ʻulaʻula, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo). Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā kala he nui ma ka hui pū ʻana iā lākou. I kēia manawa inā he ʻehā kou kala mua (melemele, no ka laʻana), ehia mau kala hou āu e hiki ai ke hana? ʻO ia ka mea e hana ʻia ana i loko o ka lolo. Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻike mai ka cone cell keu me ka ʻike mai nā cone cell ʻē aʻe, a hana ka lolo i kahi honua kikoʻī o nā kala.

No ke aha i hana pinepine ʻia ai kēia i nā wahine wale nō?

ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana hoihoi loa o kēia. Pili ke kumu o kēia me kā mākou mau chromosomes.

Aia ka gene e kaohi ana i nā pūnaewele cone e kōkua iā mākou e ʻike i ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka chromosome X.

E like me kou ʻike, hoʻokahi chromosome X a hoʻokahi chromosome Y (XY) ko ke kāne. No laila, inā hoʻololi ʻia kēlā gene ma kēlā chromosome X hoʻokahi, e loli nā hunaola cone ʻulaʻula/ʻōmaʻomaʻo a pau. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻoi aku ai ka nui o ka makapō kala o nā kāne.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻelua mau chromosome X (XX) ko nā wahine. No laila, hiki i kekahi chromosome X ke loaʻa ka gene maʻamau a hiki i kekahi chromosome X ke loaʻa ka gene i hoʻololi ʻia. I kēlā hihia, hiki i nā maka o ka wahine ke hana i nā cell cone maʻamau a me nā cell cone keu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka gene i hoʻololi ʻia. Ma kahi o 12% o nā wahine i loaʻa kēia gene.

1. Pono ka ʻehā o ka cone cell e ʻike i kahi alapine ʻokoʻa: Inā ʻike ka cone cell hou i nā kala like me nā cone cell ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e loaʻa i ka lolo kekahi ʻike hou aku. No laila, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa e kū mai.

2. Pono ka lolo i ʻehā mau kahawai kala: Hoʻolālā maʻamau ʻia ka lolo kanaka e hana i ka ʻike me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻekolu mau kahawai kala. No laila, inā he ʻehā cone cell, inā ʻaʻohe ʻehā kahawai o ka lolo e loaʻa ai kēlā ʻike, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana pono i kēlā hiki keu.

No laila, he kakaikahi loa ka poʻe me kēia ʻike kala kupaianaha.

No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kahi hoʻokolohua pūnaewele e ʻike ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia hiki?

Inā ʻoe e ʻimi i ka pūnaewele no "Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka tetrachromacy?" e ʻike ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua he nui. Akā, ʻaʻohe o lākou he ʻoiaʻiʻo .

He maʻalahi ke kumu o kēia. ʻO ka pale ma kāu kelepona, papa, a i ʻole kamepiula ua hana ʻia me ʻekolu mau ala kala wale nō: ʻUlaʻula, ʻŌmaʻomaʻo, a me ka Polū (RGB) mau pikela. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻāʻo i kou mau maka me ʻehā mau ala kala ma kahi pale e hoʻohana wale ana i ʻekolu mau ala kala.

Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua tetrachromacy maoli e nā kānaka ʻepekema i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, pipiʻi , ka hoʻāʻo DNA, a me nā wahi mālamalama i kāohi ʻia.

Pehea e ʻike ai kekahi kanaka me ka tetrachromacy i ke ao nei?

He mea paʻakikī kēia iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo pono. No ka mea, he ʻike pilikino loa nā kala. ʻO ka mea āu e ʻike ai he ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole ia ke kala like me kaʻu e ʻike nei. Aia kahi ʻokoʻa iki.

Akā inā ʻoe e nānā iā ia ma ke ʻano he helu, eia ka ʻokoʻa.

Ke nānā ʻoe i kēia pakuhi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa, ʻeā? He hiki kupaianaha maoli nō ia. Hiki i kēia poʻe ke ʻike i nā haneli haneli o nā kala i loko o kahi pua, kahi kiʻi pena, a i ʻole ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā ma mua o ka hiki i kahi kanaka maʻamau.

No laila, inā kānalua ʻoe he hiki iā ʻoe kēia, ʻoiai he paʻakikī ke hōʻoia iā ia, e hauʻoli ʻoe no ka mea he ʻōniʻoniʻo ke ao āu e ʻike nei. He makana kūikawā maoli nō ia mai ke kūlohelohe. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi pilikia a loli paha i kāu ʻike kala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu kauka, ʻoi aku hoʻi ke kauka ʻoki maka, e pili ana i ia mea.