Nā Lapaʻau no ke Kanesa ʻŌpū Mimi: Nā Mea e ʻIke ai

Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe he maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū, he mea maʻamau ke makaʻu nui a me ka hopohopo no ia mea. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, aia i kēia manawa he nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no kēia. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēlā mau koho lapaʻau. E kōkua maoli kāu kauka iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa iā ʻoe.

ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa nāu e pili ana i kekahi mau kumu , me kou mau makahiki, pehea ka mamao o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa (ʻo kēia ka mea a nā kauka e kapa ai ʻo "ke kahua" o ke kanesa), a me nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe āu i loaʻa ai .

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa i ʻekolu mau ʻano nui:

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma luna: ʻO ke ʻano kēia ʻaʻole i laha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka papa ʻiʻo o ka paia o kou ʻōpū mimi. ʻO ke ʻano kēia aia wale nō ia ma nā papa ma luna.
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai komo i nā ʻiʻo: Maanei, ua pālahalaha nā hunaola kanesa i ka papa ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū mimi.
• ʻOi aku ka holomua a i ʻole Metastatic: He kahua holomua kēia kahi i pālahalaha ai ke kanesa ma ʻō aku o ka ʻōpū mimi, i nā lymph node kokoke, a i ʻole i nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe, e like me nā māmā.

Pono ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me ke kanesa ʻōpū mimi i ke ʻoki kino. Akā i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i ke ʻoki kino wale nō ke hoʻopau loa i ka maʻi. I kēlā hihia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe me ke ʻoki kino a i ʻole ma kahi o ke ʻoki kino. No ka laʻana , hoʻohana ʻia ka chemotherapy, radiation, a me ka immunotherapy .

ʻO ke ʻoki kino TURBT

ʻO ke ʻoki maʻamau no ke kanesa ʻōpū mua i kapa ʻia ʻo ka transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). ʻO ka inoa piha no kēia ʻo Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, lawe nā kauka i nā hāpana ʻiʻo mai loko mai o kou ʻōpū e nānā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a inā ua laha. A i ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i kēia kaʻina hana e wehe i ka puʻupuʻu.

Ma mua o kēia ʻoki kino, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi hoʻāʻo koko a me kahi X-ray umauma e ʻike ai inā maikaʻi kou olakino no ia mea. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o kēia ʻoki kino , ʻaʻohe ʻoki i hana ʻia i kou ʻili. Hoʻokomo ke kauka i kou ʻōpū mimi ma o kou urethra, ka ʻōmole e puka mai ai ka mimi.

Ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i ka anesthesia laulā, ka mea e hoʻomoe loa iā ʻoe, a i ʻole ka anesthesia kūloko, ka mea e hoʻomānoʻonoʻo wale i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o kou kino.

A laila hoʻohana ke kauka i kahi mea hana kūikawā i kapa ʻia he cystoscope. He ʻōmole lahilahi, lōʻihi, a palupalu kēia. Ma ka hopena he kāmela, he kukui, a me kahi mea hana liʻiliʻi e hiki ke ʻoki a wehe i ke kanesa. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ma o ka urethra i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi, a hoʻohana ʻia ke kāmela e nānā i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi. Ma kēia ʻano, wehe ʻia ke kanesa a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo, a hoʻopili ʻia ka wela e hoʻōki i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko.

Ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, e hoʻokomo ʻia kahi paipu i kapa ʻia he catheter i loko o kou ʻōpū mimi. E hoʻokahe kēia i ka mimi i loko o kahi ʻeke. Pono paha ʻoe e mālama i kēia no kekahi mau lā. Hiki ke ʻoluʻolu iki kēia ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka anesthesia. I kekahi manawa, ʻeha paha nā kāne ma ka piko o kā lākou penis. Inā hana ʻia kēia, e haʻi i kāu kauka a kahu maʻi paha. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi gel numbing e kōkua.

Hoʻi ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka home i ka lā hoʻokahi o ke ʻoki ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā nui ka puʻupuʻu, pono paha ʻoe e noho i ka haukapila i ka pō. E ʻike paha ʻoe i kekahi koko i loko o kou mimi no kahi o ʻekolu lā ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. E inu ma ka liʻiliʻi he 8-10 mau aniani wai i ka lā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou ʻōpū mimi. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi.

ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana o ka cystectomy

I loko o kēia ʻoki kino, wehe ke kauka i kahi hapa o kou ʻōpū mimi ('Partial Cystectomy') a i ʻole kou ʻōpū mimi holoʻokoʻa ('Radical Cystectomy').

• ʻO ka Cystectomy hapa: Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ʻoki inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa i ka papa ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū mimi akā he liʻiliʻi nō naʻe.
• ʻO ka Cystectomy Radical: Inā nui ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ua pālahalaha paha i kekahi mau wahi o ka ʻōpū mimi, e wehe ke kauka i ka ʻōpū mimi holoʻokoʻa a me nā lymph node a puni. Inā ua pālahalaha hou aku ke kanesa, hiki ke wehe ʻia nā ʻōpū hānau a puni.
• I nā wahine: hiki ke wehe ʻia ka ʻōpū, ka cervix, kahi ʻāpana o ka vagina, nā ovaries, a me nā fallopian tubes.
• I nā kāne: Hiki ke wehe ʻia ka ʻōpū prostate a me nā vesicles seminal.

E hoʻomoe ʻia ʻoe no kēia ʻoki kino, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻeha. E noho ʻoe ma ka haukapila no hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ke ʻoki kino. E hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻi i ke ola maʻamau i loko o kekahi mau pule.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau nui ʻē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻoki kino, aia kekahi mau ʻano lapaʻau koʻikoʻi a holomua hoʻi.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou loa a me nā mea holomua loa

Me ka holomua o ka ʻepekema lapaʻau, ua puka mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou no ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi.

Hoʻōla lāʻau pale

ʻO ka hana a kēia, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī e hoʻouka i ka maʻi kanesa. E noʻonoʻo e like me kā mākou mau cell pale he 'nā wahi nānā'. ʻO kēia nā wahi e kōkua iā mākou e ʻike i nā cell maʻamau a me nā ʻenemi e pono ai mākou e hakakā. He maalea loa nā cell kanesa, pili lākou i kēia mau wahi nānā a hoʻopunipuni i ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, 'ʻO wau kekahi o ʻoukou, mai hoʻouka mai iaʻu.' No laila, ʻo ka hana a kēia mau lāʻau "Checkpoint Inhibitor" ʻo ia ka hoʻōki ʻana i kēlā hana hoʻopunipuni. A laila hiki i ka ʻōnaehana pale ke ʻike a hoʻouka i nā cell kanesa. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana he mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me "Atezolizumab", "Nivolumab", "Pembrolizumab".

Hoʻōla i kuhikuhi ʻia

ʻO kēia ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā loli genetic kikoʻī (nā loli gene) i loaʻa wale i nā cell cancer. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole nui ka hōʻino ʻia o nā cell olakino. ʻO kahi laʻana, he papa lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo FGFR inhibitors.

Lapaʻau Gene

He lāʻau lapaʻau hou kēia e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana gene. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia no kekahi mau maʻi i kūleʻa ʻole me ka lāʻau BCG. Hana nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me `Nadofaragene firadenovec (Adstiladrin)` ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi gene e hakakā ana i ka maʻi kanesa i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi a hoʻoulu i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino.

E aʻo pū anei kākou e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau?

Ke noiʻi mau nei nā kānaka ʻepekema a me nā kauka i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ke kanesa ʻōpū. Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau hou no ka palekana a me ka pono ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana i nā mea maʻi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano noiʻi he hoʻokolohua lapaʻau.

Makaʻu kekahi poʻe maʻi e komo, me ka manaʻo ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i loko o kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, loaʻa i ka mea maʻi ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau maikaʻi loa i loaʻa, a i ʻole kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e loaʻa paha i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO kēia wale nō ke ala e ʻike ai inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou ma mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kū nei.

"E nīnau mau i kāu kauka maʻi kanesa e pili ana i nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau," wahi a ka loea. "ʻO ia ke ala maikaʻi loa e ʻike ai e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou loa."