Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog kev hloov pauv DNA? Cia peb kawm txog Somatic & Germline Mutations hauv txoj kev yooj yim!

Koj puas tau xav paub tias qee yam kab mob hauv peb lub cev tau kis mus los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam li cas , lossis qee yam kab mob tau tshwm sim sai sai li cas? Ib qho laj thawj rau qhov no yog qhov kev hloov pauv me me uas tshwm sim hauv peb cov noob caj noob ces, uas yog, DNA mutations ( mutations ). Hnub no peb yuav tham txog qhov no yooj yim heev, hauv txoj kev uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.

Kev hloov pauv DNA yog dab tsi? Cia peb nkag siab yooj yim!

Hais yooj yim xwb, kev hloov pauv DNA yog kev hloov pauv hauv koj cov DNA, uas yog, koj cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Xav txog nws zoo li daim ntawv qhia ua zaub mov. Yog tias ib tsab ntawv lossis lo lus hauv daim ntawv qhia no hloov me ntsis, qhov saj ntawm cov zaub mov tuaj yeem hloov pauv, puas yog? Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev hloov pauv DNA zoo li cas. Cov kev hloov pauv no hauv DNA, uas yog, kev hloov pauv, feem ntau tshwm sim thaum peb cov cell faib thiab cov cell tshiab tau tsim. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, feem ntau ntawm lub sijhawm cov kev hloov pauv no hauv DNA tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau peb cov qauv caj ces, thiab lawv tsis ua rau muaj kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov mob caj ces uas cuam tshuam rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Muaj ntau txhiab qhov kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum peb cov cell faib thiab cov cell tshiab tau tsim. Ntawm lawv, muaj ob hom tseem ceeb:

• Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces
• Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev

Tam sim no cia peb saib ob hom no sib cais.

Muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv: germline thiab somatic.

Cov Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Germline yog dab tsi?

Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv cov qe menyuam ntawm cov niam txiv, txawm yog cov qe menyuam lossis cov noob caj noob ces. Cov kev hloov pauv no hloov cov khoom siv noob caj noob ces uas tus menyuam tau txais los ntawm cov niam txiv. Hais yooj yim xwb, cov no yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tau los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces no los ntawm koj niam lossis koj txiv.

Xav txog tias muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis, kev hloov pauv, hauv ib lub qe lossis cov noob qes ntawm leej niam lossis leej txiv. Tom qab ntawd, thaum cov qe ntawd los ua ke los ua ib tug menyuam, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawd yuav raug xa mus rau tus menyuam. Yog vim li ntawd cov no thiaj hu ua kev hloov pauv los ntawm noob caj noob ces.

Cov Kev Hloov Pauv Somatic yog dab tsi?

Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev yog kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv DNA ntawm txhua lub cell hauv lub cev ntawm ib tus neeg uas tsis yog lub cell yug me nyuam (qe lossis phev) tom qab cev xeeb tub. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev no tsis yog kis los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov menyuam (tsis yog los ntawm noob caj noob ces).Cov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis tau npaj tseg, txhais tau tias tsis muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg, tag nrho tam sim ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis raug xa mus rau cov tiam neeg tom ntej. Hais yooj yim, yog tias koj muaj kev hloov pauv hauv koj cov DNA qhov twg tom qab koj yug los, xws li cov cell tawv nqaij lossis cov cell ntsws, nws yog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev. Nws tsis raug xa mus rau koj cov menyuam.

Cov kev hloov pauv no cuam tshuam li cas rau peb lub cev?

Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, feem ntau cov kev hloov pauv tsis ua rau peb muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob. Cov mob caj ces yog cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv peb lub genome. Koj lub genome yog cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ua los ntawm koj cov DNA, cov noob caj ces, thiab cov chromosomes.

Puas muaj peev xwm kis tau ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm ib tiam neeg mus rau ib tiam neeg?

Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb heev.

• Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces vim tias qhov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb tsim menyuam (qe lossis phev). Vim tias qe thiab phev raug xa mus los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov menyuam, qhov kev hloov pauv no kuj yog los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces.
• Koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev vim tias lawv tshwm sim tsis raws cai hauv cov cell uas tsis yog qe lossis phev.

Peb cov DNA nyob qhov twg? Nws zoo li cas?

DNA pom muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub cell hauv peb lub cev (muaj ntau trillions ntawm cov cell hauv peb lub cev!). Nws muaj peb cov lej caj ces. Cov lej caj ces no zoo li phau ntawv qhia txog peb lub cev ua haujlwm li cas. Raws li rau cov duab ntawm DNA, nws yog ib qho qauv ua los ntawm plaub lub hauv paus:

• Adenine (A)
• Cytosine (C)
• Thymine (T)
• Guanine (Guanine - G)

Cov hauv paus no tau muab ua khub ua ke: A nrog T, C nrog G. Cov khub hauv paus no, ua ke nrog cov suab thaj thiab cov phosphate molecule, tsim cov nucleotides. Thaum cov nucleotides no sib koom ua ke, lawv tsim cov ntaiv kauv hauv peb lub hlwb, ib lub helix ob chav. Hauv qhov no, cov khub hauv paus zoo li cov ntaiv ntawm cov ntaiv, thiab cov suab thaj thiab phosphate molecules zoo li cov ntaiv tes ntawm cov ntaiv. Puas yog nws tsis yog ib qho kev tsim zoo kawg nkaus?

Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces tshwm sim li cas thiab nyob qhov twg?

Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv DNA ntawm cov qe menyuam. Thaum lub qe thiab cov noob caj noob ces koom ua ke thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua ke, cov qe ntawd faib ua cov qe tshiab, tsim ib lub qe menyuam. Cov niam txiv uas yog cov neeg nqa cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem xa cov noob caj noob ces mus rau lawv cov menyuam.

Cov kev hloov pauv somatic tshwm sim li cas thiab nyob qhov twg?

Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev yog kev hloov pauv hauv tus neeg lub DNA uas tshwm sim tom qab kev sib xyaw ua ke, hauv txhua lub cell hauv lawv lub cev uas tsis yog phev lossis qe (cov cell noob caj noob ces). Cov cell tib neeg yeej ib txwm faib thiab hloov los ntawm cov cell tshiab. Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv tshwm sim, tag nrho lwm cov cell uas tsim los ntawm lub cell cuam tshuam ntawd yuav muaj qhov kev hloov pauv ntawd hauv lawv cov DNA.

Cov mob dab tsi feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces?

Cov mob uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj ces yog los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj ces. Muaj ntau pua yam mob zoo li no, tab sis qee qhov mob uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj ces yog:

• Kab mob ntshav liab
• Mob cystic fibrosis
• Kab mob Tay- Sachs
• Kab mob Huntington

Cov kab mob dab tsi feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev?

Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau tus neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Qee cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev yog:

• Mob qog nqaij hlav
• Mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws
• McCune-Albright syndrome
• Sturge-Weber syndrome

Puas muaj kev kuaj mob los nrhiav cov kev hloov pauv no?

Yog, kev kuaj noob caj ces tuaj yeem ntes tau cov kev hloov pauv no, uas yog, kev hloov pauv hauv koj cov noob caj ces, chromosomes, lossis cov protein. Kev kuaj noob caj ces tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov tseeb tias noob caj ces lossis chromosome twg muaj kev hloov pauv. Yog tias muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg ntawm cov mob caj ces hauv cov niam txiv, cov kev kuaj noob caj ces no tuaj yeem pab nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj menyuam nrog mob caj ces.

Peb yuav tiv thaiv peb tus kheej li cas ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no?

Qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau tham txog ua ob ntu.

Tej yam uas yuav txo tau kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev:

Zoo hmoo, muaj qee yam uas peb ua tau los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev:

• Siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub thaum nyob hauv lub hnub thiab txo qhov kev raug rau cov duab UV.
• Siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej, xws li lub npog ntsej muag thiab hnab looj tes, thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg.
• Tsis haus luam yeeb.
• Noj zaub mov zoo thiab tawm dag zog.

Cia peb paub txog Germline Mutations:

Peb tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog kev kuaj noob caj noob ces kom nkag siab txog koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj menyuam uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev yog tias koj muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg ntawm cov mob caj noob ces.

Nco ntsoov qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws! (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Los ntawm qhov peb tau tham txog hnub no, tej zaum koj yuav nkag siab tias kev hloov pauv hauv peb cov DNA, lossis kev hloov pauv, tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsum ntshai.

Feem ntau, kev hloov pauv ntawm DNA tsis ua rau muaj cov mob caj ces. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm DNA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

• Yog tias koj tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm muaj mob caj ces, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog kev kuaj caj ces kom nkag siab txog koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj menyuam uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj ces.
• Sim zam kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev ntau li ntau tau, uas tsis yog los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Yuav ua li no, tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm lub hnub, tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij, thiab ua neej kom noj qab nyob zoo.

Vam tias cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau koj. Yog koj muaj lus nug dab tsi, tsis txhob yig nug kws kho mob.