Cia peb kawm txog cov tub rog me me hauv koj lub cev - lymphocytes.

Peb txhua tus xav kom noj qab nyob zoo. Yog li koj puas paub tias peb lub cev muaj ib lub cev tiv thaiv zoo kawg nkaus uas tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov kab mob? Lymphocytes yog cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb heev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv ntawd. Hais yooj yim, lawv zoo li cov tub rog me me hauv peb lub cev. Cia peb tham ntxiv me ntsis txog cov lymphocytes no hnub no.

Cov lymphocytes yog dab tsi tiag?

Lymphocytes yog ib hom cell hu ua cov qe ntshav dawb. Yog lawm, koj tau hnov ​​​​tias muaj cov qe ntshav liab thiab cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov ntshav. Lymphocytes yog ib pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los pab peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo li cov tub rog tiv thaiv hauv peb lub tebchaws. Lub cev no nyob ntawd los tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm sab nraud (uas yog, los ntawm cov kab mob , cov kab mob me me, cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob).

Muaj ob hom lymphocytes tseem ceeb:

• Cov T lymphocytes (T cells): Cov no yog cov uas tswj cov lus teb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov cell uas muaj kab mob thiab cov cell mob qog noj ntshav thiab ncaj qha tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem lawv.
• Cov qe ntshav dawb B (lossis cov qe ntshav dawb B): Cov no yog cov uas tsim cov khoom hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib hom protein. Yog hais kom meej, cov no zoo li cov riam phom uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb los paub thiab tawm tsam cov neeg txawv teb chaws xws li cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob me me.

Yog li, cov lymphocytes no muab kev pabcuam dab tsi rau peb lub cev?

Cov qe ntshav dawb tsis yog ob peb lub hlwb xwb. Lawv ua haujlwm zoo heev rau peb lub cev.

Feem ntau, cov lymphocytes no pab tawm tsam cov hlwb qog noj ntshav thiab tawm tsam cov antigens xws li cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob los ntawm sab nraud.

Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis cov lymphocytes no kuj muaj lub cim xeeb zoo kawg nkaus. Lawv nco qab txhua yam antigen uas lawv ntsib. Xav txog, yog tias koj muaj qhua pias thaum koj tseem yog menyuam yaus , koj yuav rov qab mob qhua pias dua tsis tshua muaj thaum koj loj hlob tuaj, puas yog? Tib yam li ntawd rau mob qhua pias. Qhov ntawd yog vim muaj lub cim xeeb ntawm cov lymphocytes no. Qee cov lymphocytes, tom qab ntsib ib qho antigen, dhau los ua "cov hlwb nco". Tom qab ntawd, yog tias tib yam antigen nkag mus rau hauv lub cev dua, cov hlwb nco no sai sai paub nws thiab teb sai sai. Yog vim li cas peb thiaj tsis tau qee yam kab mob ob zaug. Nws yog vim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no uas peb tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm qee yam kab mob los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov qe ntshav T thiab cov qe ntshav B ua haujlwm li cas?

Cov qe ntshav T thiab cov qe ntshav B no ua haujlwm ua ke, tab sis lawv lub luag haujlwm txawv me ntsis.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm T cell

Cov qe ntshav T feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav uas muaj kab mob thiab tswj peb lub cev txoj kev teb rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau cov qe ntshav T xav tau kev pab los ntawm lwm lub qe ntshav tiv thaiv kab mob kom ua haujlwm tau. Thaum cov qe ntshav T raug qhib, lawv yuav loj hlob (uas yog, loj zuj zus) thiab tshwj xeeb rau ntau hom qe ntshav T. Cov hom no yog:

• Cov qe ntshav T uas muaj tshuaj lom : Cov no zoo li cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw sib ntaus sib tua. Cov qe ntshav no txuas rau cov antigens ntawm cov qe ntshav uas muaj kab mob lossis cov qe ntshav tsis zoo. Tom qab ntawd lawv ua qhov rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm cov qe ntshav uas muaj kab mob, txhaj cov enzymes , thiab tua lawv.
• Cov qe ntshav T pab: Raws li lub npe qhia, cov no pab lwm cov qe ntshav tiv thaiv kab mob. Qee cov pab cov qe ntshav B tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lwm cov pab cov qe ntshav T cytotoxic ua haujlwm.
• Cov qe ntshav T uas tswj hwm: Cov qe ntshav no tsim cov tshuaj uas pab tiv thaiv kab mob tsis pub muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qee zaum, lawv kuj pab tiv thaiv peb lub cev kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm B cell

Cov qe ntshav B muaj cov receptors tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv qhov chaw uas khi rau cov antigens. Cov qe ntshav B kawm paub txog cov antigens sib txawv no thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam txhua tus. Cov qe ntshav B teb rau cov antigens hauv ob txoj kev:

• Kev teb tiv thaiv kab mob thawj zaug: Thaum ib qho antigen kov ib qho receptor, cov qe ntshav B raug txhawb nqa. Qee cov qe ntshav B dhau los ua "cov qe ntshav nco qab." Lwm cov qe ntshav B dhau los ua "cov qe ntshav plasma." Cov qe ntshav plasma no tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tshwj xeeb rau cov antigen uas tau txhawb nqa. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb hnub rau tus lej ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas xav tau los tsim.
• Kev teb tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob: Xav txog seb yuav muaj li cas yog tias tib yam antigen uas tau los ua ntej rov qab los rau hauv lub cev. Tom qab ntawd, cov hlwb nco qab ntawd nco qab nws. Lawv loj hlob sai, dhau los ua cov hlwb plasma, thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sai heev. Qhov no kuj yog qhov laj thawj uas koj rov zoo sai thaum koj mob zaum ob.

Yog li, qhov twg hauv peb lub cev yog cov lymphocytes no tsim thiab nyob?

Lymphocytes raug tsim tawm hauv peb cov pob txha pob txha.Tom qab ntawd, lawv loj hlob tuaj, txhais tau tias lawv loj hlob zoo, thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Cov lymphocytes uas loj hlob tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob rau hauv peb cov ntshav thiab nyob rau hauv txhua qhov ntawm lub cev lymphatic .

Qee cov lymphocytes mus rau qhov chaw hu ua peb lub qog thymus . Cov lymphocytes ntawd dhau los ua T cell. Lwm cov lymphocytes mus rau peb cov qog lymph thiab lwm yam kabmob. Cov ntawd yog cov uas dhau los ua B cell.

Cov lymphocytes zoo li cas?

Cov lymphocytes yog cov cell uas loj dua cov cell ntshav liab me ntsis. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv me dhau uas tsis pom hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav. Txhua lub lymphocyte muaj lub nucleus loj nyob hauv nruab nrab. Lub nucleus no yog xim av tsaus. Cov khoom zoo li jelly nyob ib puag ncig nws, hu ua cytoplasm , yog xim av daj.

Tus lej ntawm cov lymphocytes ib txwm muaj yog dab tsi?

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov lymphocytes hauv peb lub cev yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg. Nws nyob ntawm tej yam xws li hnub nyoog, haiv neeg, poj niam txiv neej, qhov siab, thiab peb txoj kev ua neej.

• Hauv ib tug neeg laus, feem ntau muaj ntawm 1,000 thiab 4,800 lymphocytes ib microliter ntawm cov ntshav.
• Rau cov menyuam yaus me, tus lej no siab dua me ntsis. Lawv yuav muaj li ntawm 3,000 thiab 9,500 lymphocytes ib microliter ntawm cov ntshav.

Feem ntau cov lymphocytes tsim txog li ntawm 20% thiab 40% ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb hauv peb lub cev.

Yuav ua li cas yog tias tus lej ntawm lymphocytes ntau dhau?

Thaum cov lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav ntau dua li qub, peb hu nws tias lymphocytosis . Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim vim yog kev kis kab mob lossis kev mob nkeeg. Peb lub cev qee zaum tsim cov lymphocytes ntxiv los pab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob.

Txawm li cas los xij, qee yam mob hnyav kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov lymphocytes ntau ntxiv. Qee yam ntawm cov mob no suav nrog:

• Kab mob siab
• Kab mob syphilis
• Kab mob Mononucleosis
• Kab mob ntsws
• HIV thiab AIDS
• Kev mob hypothyroidism
• Cov kab mob xws li hnoos qeev, toxoplasmosis, lossis cytomegalovirus
• Cov mob qog ntshav xws li lymphoma lossis leukemia

Yuav ua li cas yog tias tus lej ntawm lymphocytes qis?

Thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav qis dua li qub, peb hu nws tias lymphocytopenia lossis lymphopenia . Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog mob khaub thuas lossis lwm yam kev kis kab mob me. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho mob hnyav dua lossis mob hnyav dua kuj tuaj yeem ua rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov lymphocytes txo qis. Nov yog qee qhov ua rau:

• HIV los yog AIDS
• Kab mob ntsws los yog mob ntsws typhoid
• Kab mob siab kis
• Cov kab mob ntshav xws li kab mob Hodgkin
• Cov kab mob autoimmune xws li lupus
• Cov mob uas tsis tshua muaj los ntawm noob caj noob ces xws li Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, thiab Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Kev kho mob xws li kev kho hluav taws xob lossis kev kho mob chemotherapy

Cov kev kuaj twg yuav xyuas seb kuv cov lymphocyte puas noj qab nyob zoo?

Muaj ntau txoj kev kuaj ntshav uas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb muaj pes tsawg tus lymphocytes hauv koj cov ntshav. Cov kev kuaj ntshav tseem ceeb yog:

• Kev suav cov lymphocyte tag nrho: Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm kev kuaj ntshav tag nrho (CBC). Nws ntsuas tus lej ntawm cov lymphocytes hauv koj cov ntshav ua tus lej tag nrho, tsis yog ua feem pua.
• Kev Ntsuas Flow cytometry: Qhov no yog kev sim ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob tshwj xeeb. Ib qho qauv ntawm koj cov ntshav raug yaj rau hauv cov kua thiab dhau los ntawm lub cuab yeej laser hu ua flow cytometer. Lub teeb laser ua rau koj cov qe ntshav tawg ua cov qauv. Cov qauv tso cai rau ntau hom qe ntshav sib txawv kom pom tseeb thiab suav tau.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov mob uas cuam tshuam nrog lymphocytes yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau, tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb ntawm lymphocytosis (kev nce hauv cov lymphocytes) lossis lymphocytopenia (kev txo qis hauv cov lymphocytes). Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus lej ntawm cov lymphocytes nce ntxiv vim yog kab mob ntshav lossis mob qog noj ntshav, cov tsos mob ntsig txog tus kab mob ntawd yuav tshwm sim. Qee cov tsos mob no suav nrog:

• Cov qog ntshav o
• Kev hws hmo ntuj
• Ua npaws
• Mob plab
• Tsis qab los noj mov
• Ua tsis taus pa

Thaum kawg, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov!

Cov qe ntshav dawb (lymphocytes) yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb tseem ceeb heev hauv peb lub cev. Lawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov kab mob. Kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim tuaj yeem qhia koj tias koj muaj pes tsawg cov qe ntshav dawb.

Nws yuav ua rau koj ntshai me ntsis thaum koj paub tias koj cov lymphocytes siab dua lossis qis dua li qub. Tab sis feem ntau, kev hloov pauv ntawm koj cov lymphocyte suav tau txhais tau tias koj lub cev tab tom tawm tsam kev kis kab mob. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob txhawj tsis tsim nyog.

Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum ua yog mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob thiab tham txog qhov ntawd. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav nrhiav tau qhov ua rau koj mob thiab ua qhov tsim nyog kom koj rov qab zoo li qub.