Koj puas tau xav txog seb koj lub cev tsim li cas, lossis koj cov cell rov tsim dua li cas thaum koj loj hlob txij thaum yau mus txog thaum laus? Muaj tseeb tiag, peb lub cev yog ib qho khoom zoo kawg nkaus. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tsim no - uas tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov txog - yog qhov peb hu ua Stem Cells .
Cov Stem Cells Yog Dab Tsi Tiag?
Yog hais yooj yim xwb, yog koj lub cev yog ib lub tsev loj heev, cov hlwb noob (stem cell) yog lub hauv paus. Lawv yog cov hlwb "raw material" tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev, uas muaj peev xwm tsim lwm cov hlwb uas muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Xav txog nws li no: koj lub cev muaj ntau trillions ntawm cov hlwb, thiab ntawm lawv, cov hlwb noob muaj peev xwm tsim ntau dua 200 hom hlwb tshwj xeeb, xws li cov hlwb ntshav lossis cov hlwb pob txha. Ib hom hlwb noob tsim koj lub cev tag nrho txij thaum pib, thaum lwm hom ua haujlwm zoo li pab pawg saib xyuas, kho txhua qhov chaw uas koj lub cev xav tau lawv.
Cov Stem Cell Ua Haujlwm Li Cas?
Cov hlwb noob muaj ob lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb uas lwm cov hlwb tsis muaj:
- Ua ntej, lawv muaj peev xwm faib thiab tsim cov qauv zoo ib yam li lawv tus kheej. Txawm hais tias cov hlwb ib txwm faib, lawv muaj lub neej luv luv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlwb stem cell tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus kheej dua tshiab mus tas li.
- Qhov thib ob, lawv yog tib lub hlwb uas muaj peev xwm "txawv" (tshwj xeeb). Qhov no txhais tau tias yog tias cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov hlwb tshiab tshwj xeeb uas xav tau los hloov nws. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv tseem ceeb:
- Cov hlwb ntshav (hu ua "hee-muh-tuh-poy-tik") yog lub luag haujlwm tsim koj cov qe ntshav (liab thiab dawb) thiab txhawb nqa koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Cov hlwb basal txhawb nqa koj cov hlwb tawv nqaij , uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab kho qhov txhab .
- Cov hlwb mesenchymal (hais tias "meh-zen-kai-mul") pab tsim cov pob txha, cov pob txha mos , cov leeg, thiab cov hlwb rog.
Vim li cas cov hlwb ntawm cov noob hlwb thiaj tseem ceeb ua luaj?
Cov noob hlwb tsis yog tsuas yog tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab tswj peb lub cev xwb; lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshawb fawb kho mob. Cov kws tshawb fawb kawm txog lawv rau ntau qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb:
- To taub txog seb cov kab mob tshwm sim li cas: Los ntawm kev cog cov noob hlwb hauv chav kuaj thiab saib seb lawv hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov nqaij lossis cov kabmob tshwj xeeb li cas, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua txog cov mob xws li ntshav qab zib , kab mob plawv , lossis cov kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb pib thiab nce qib ntawm theem cellular.
- Hloov cov hlwb uas puas lawm lossis muaj mob: Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tab tom tshawb nrhiav seb yuav ua li cas thiaj hloov tau cov hlwb stem cell mus ua cov hom hlwb tshwj xeeb los kho cov kev raug mob lossis cov mob ntev. Xav txog yav tom ntej uas, piv txwv li, cov tawv nqaij tshiab raug cog rau kho cov kub hnyiab hnyav, cov kev raug mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum raug kho ib nrab, lossis cov mob zoo li tus kab mob Parkinson raug tswj hwm zoo siv kev kho mob hlwb stem cell.
- Kev sim cov tshuaj tshiab thiab kev kho mob: Cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov noob hlwb los tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tshiab kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo. Los ntawm kev siv cov noob hlwb tshwj xeeb—piv txwv li, cov hlwb uas tau hloov kho caj ces kom zoo li ib yam kab mob tshwj xeeb—cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam seb kev kho mob ua haujlwm li cas thiab txheeb xyuas cov kev mob tshwm sim ua ntej kev sim tshuaj, uas yuav txuag tau lub sijhawm thiab tus nqi hauv kev tsim tshuaj.
Cov Hom Stem Cell Tseem Ceeb Yog Dab Tsi?
Cov kws kho mob faib cov hlwb raws li lawv qhov chaw los yog lawv lub peev xwm ua haujlwm. Nov yog cov hom tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum paub txog:
- Cov hlwb ntawm embryonic (pluripotent):Cov hlwb no muaj lub hwj chim zoo kawg nkaus los ua yuav luag txhua hom hlwb hauv lub cev, xws li daim tawv nqaij, lub plawv, lossis lub hlwb. "Pluri" txhais tau tias "ntau," thiab "muaj zog" txhais tau tias "lub zog." Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau tau txais cov no los ntawm cov ntshav hlab ntsha pub dawb lossis cov menyuam mos uas tsim los ntawm In Vitro Fertilization uas tau pub dawb rau kev tshawb fawb.
Lus Cim: Kev siv cov noob hlwb embryonic yog ib qho kev sib cav txog kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, lawv txoj kev siv yog tswj hwm nruj thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia txog kev coj ncaj ncees.
- Cov hlwb uas tshwj xeeb rau cov nqaij (ntau lub zog lossis ib lub zog): Cov hlwb no tuaj yeem tsim cov hlwb tshiab, tab sis lawv tsuas yog txwv rau hom nqaij uas lawv nyob hauv xwb. Piv txwv li, cov hlwb tsim ntshav hauv koj cov pob txha pob txha tuaj yeem tsim cov hlwb ntshav tshiab thiab cov ntshav platelets, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov hlwb ntsws lossis siab. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais cov no los ntawm cov neeg laus pub dawb.
- Cov hlwb noob uas raug tsim los ntawm cov noob (iPS hlwb lossis iPSCs): Cov no yog ib qho kev loj hlob tshiab hauv kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Cov no yog cov hlwb noob uas tsim los ntawm chav kuaj. Los ntawm kev noj cov hlwb laus ib txwm (xws li cov hlwb tawv nqaij) thiab hloov kho lawv cov noob caj noob ces, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem ua rau lawv ua raws li cov hlwb noob embryonic, nrog rau lub peev xwm los ua txhua hom hlwb. Vim tias lawv tsis yog los ntawm cov noob embryos, iPSCs pab daws ntau yam kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ncaj ncees uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tshawb fawb txog cov hlwb noob.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm li cas nrog cov hlwb noob?
Cov txheej txheem feem ntau pib nrog cov hlwb laus pub dawb lossis tsim cov hlwb iPS. Cov kws tshawb fawb tom qab ntawd cog ntau lab lub hlwb no hauv chav kuaj siv cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog coj cov hlwb no kom hloov mus ua cov hlwb tshwj xeeb uas xav tau - xws li cov leeg nqaij plawv lossis cov neurons - siv cov cim tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov yam ntxwv loj hlob.
Cov Kws Kho Mob Tam Sim No Siv Stem Cell Li Cas?
Cov kws kho mob twb siv cov tshuaj stem cell kho mob tau zoo rau ntau yam mob niaj hnub no. Yog tias koj muaj xwm txheej ceev, thov hu rau 911 lossis cov kev pabcuam xwm txheej ceev hauv koj lub zos tam sim ntawd.
- Kev Hloov Pob Txha : Qhov no yog hom kev kho mob hlwb uas paub dav tshaj plaws thiab ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem siv cov hlwb laus los hloov cov hlwb puas tsuaj lossis tsis zoo hauv koj cov hlwb pob txha nrog cov hlwb noj qab nyob zoo. Txoj hauv kev no yog siv rau cov mob xws li:
- Mob Qog Ntshav : Xws li mob leukemia, mob multiple myeloma, thiab mob non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cov neeg mob feem ntau xav tau kev hloov hlwb tom qab tau txais kev kho mob chemotherapy lossis kev kho mob hluav taws xob ntau, uas yog qhov tsim nyog los rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog hauv cov pob txha.
- Kev Mob Ntshav: Xws li cov mob caj ces xws li sickle cell anemia thiab thalassemia.
- Aplastic Anemia: Ib qho mob uas koj cov pob txha tsis tsim cov qe ntshav txaus.
- Pob Txha Pob Txha thiab Kev Puas Tsuaj ntawm Pob Txha: Cov kws phais yuav siv cov pob txha txuas—uas muaj cov nqaij ntawm cov neeg pub dawb, cov hlwb noob, thiab lwm yam khoom siv—los pab kho cov pob txha tawg loj heev. Ntxiv mus, kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua txog kev siv cov tshuaj txhaj noob los kho cov pob txha mos uas puas tsuaj hauv cov pob qij txha, xws li lub hauv caug.
Cov kws kho mob puas siv cov hlwb noob qes ntawm embryonic?
Yog. Cov kws kho mob qee zaum siv cov noob hlwb uas tau los ntawm cov ntshav hlab ntaws uas pub dawb los kho cov teeb meem ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus. Cov ntshav hlab ntaws muaj cov noob hlwb uas zoo ib yam li cov embryonic tab sis twb tau pib tshwj xeeb lawm. (Cov ntshav hlab ntaws yog hais txog cov ntshav uas tseem nyob hauv txoj hlab ntaws thiab lub tsev menyuam tom qab yug los ntawm tus menyuam.) Tsuas yog FDA pom zoo rau kev kho mob noob hlwb uas poob rau hauv pawg embryonic yog kev siv cov ntshav hlab ntaws uas pub dawb.
Cov stem cell nyob qhov twg hauv kuv lub cev?
Cov noob hlwb pom muaj thoob plaws hauv koj lub cev, txawm hais tias lawv nyob hauv cov nqaij tshwj xeeb. Lawv feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv koj cov pob txha (qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws), lub hlwb, cov hlab ntsha, daim tawv nqaij, cov leeg, daim siab, thiab lub plawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum koj laus zuj zus, tus lej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob hlwb no tuaj yeem poob qis.
Cov mob dab tsi uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb ntawm cov noob?
Koj cov pob txha pob txha—cov nqaij mos mos hauv qee cov pob txha—tsim cov hlwb uas hloov mus ua cov hlwb ntshav liab, cov hlwb ntshav dawb, thiab cov hlwb ntshav me. Cov hlwb ntshav liab nqa cov pa oxygen, cov hlwb ntshav dawb tawm tsam cov kab mob, thiab cov hlwb ntshav me pab tswj kev los ntshav. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam uas cuam tshuam rau koj cov pob txha pob txha tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov hlwb ntshav me uas yog lub luag haujlwm tsim koj cov ntshav. Cov mob feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb ntshav me suav nrog:
- Aplastic Anemia
- Myeloproliferative disorders (mob uas cov pob txha pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav ntau dhau)
- Lymphoma (mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub cev lymphatic, uas kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau pob txha pob txha)
- Kab mob ntshav dawb (ib hom mob qog ntshav uas pib hauv cov hlwb pob txha)
Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj li khaws tau kuv cov stem cell kom noj qab nyob zoo?
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj ib txoj kev uas tau ua pov thawj los "txhawb" lossis tsim ntau cov hlwb ntawm lub cev, vim lawv txoj haujlwm feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab hnub nyoog, kev txais yuav cov cwj pwm noj qab haus huv tag nrho tuaj yeem txhawb nqa koj lub cev cov hlwb:
- Noj zaub mov kom sib npaug: Ua tib zoo noj cov protein uas tsis muaj roj ntau, zaub ntau, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab cov nplej tag nrho. Cov khoom noj uas muaj antioxidant ntau xws li blueberries, strawberries, thiab cov nplooj ntsuab tsaus tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cell.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb thiab haus luam yeeb: Luam yeeb yog tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov hlwb puas tsuaj, ua rau DNA puas tsuaj, thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav ntau ntxiv.
- Txwv kev haus dej cawv: Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm American Cancer Society, nws pom zoo kom cov txiv neej txwv tsis pub haus ntau tshaj ob khob ib hnub, thiab cov poj niam tsis pub haus ntau tshaj ib khob.
- Tiv thaiv koj daim tawv nqaij: Tsis txhob raug lub teeb ultraviolet (UV) ntau dhau los ntawm lub hnub lossis cov txaj tanning, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlwb tawv nqaij puas tsuaj thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.
- Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Qee yam kab mob viral, xws li kab mob siab hepatitis, tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj mus sij hawm ntev.
- Tswj koj txoj kev ntxhov siab: Kev ntxhov siab ntev ntev ua rau koj cov hlwb puas tsuaj. Ua kom koj cov kev tawm dag zog xws li kev xav lossis tsuas yog siv sijhawm so kom txaus los pab tswj kev ntxhov siab.
- Tsom ntsoov rau kev pw tsaug zog kom txaus: Kev pw tsaug zog yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb thaum koj lub cev kho cov hlwb.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem ua kom kuv cov stem cell ntau ntxiv yam ntuj tsim?
Tej zaum koj yuav tau nyeem tias qee cov vitamins (xws li D lossis B12) lossis cov tshuaj ntxiv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov stem cell ntau ntxiv lossis txhim kho lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom kawm txog cov kev sib txuas no, nws tsis tau muaj pov thawj tseeb tias kev noj cov vitamins tshwj xeeb lossis noj qee yam khoom noj yuav ua rau koj cov stem cell ntau ntxiv. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws yog kev noj zaub mov kom sib npaug thiab kev ua neej noj qab haus huv thiab ua ub ua no.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj mus tsev yog dab tsi?
Raws li peb tau tham lawm, cov hlwb noob (stem cell) yog ib feem tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb heev ntawm koj lub cev. Xav txog tias txawm hais tias koj lub cev muaj ntau txhiab lab lub hlwb los xij, cov hlwb noob yog qhov tshwj xeeb vim tias lawv muaj peev xwm hloov pauv lawv tus kheej mus tas li thiab tsim cov hlwb tshwj xeeb uas xav tau los kho cov nqaij puas tsuaj.
Niaj hnub nim no, cov kws kho mob twb siv kev kho mob los ntawm cov noob hlwb los tswj thiab qee zaum kho cov mob qog ntshav thiab cov kab mob ntshav. Cov kws tshawb fawb muaj kev cia siab tias cov hlwb no thaum kawg yuav pab kho - lossis txawm tias kho tau - lwm yam mob hnyav, xws li kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib, Parkinson's, thiab tuag tes tuag taw. Kev tshawb fawb hauv daim teb no tab tom mus tom ntej sai heev.
Vam tias qhov no yuav pab koj nkag siab txog cov hlwb ntawm cov hlwb. Kev paub txog kev kho mob yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev paub yog koj txoj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws!
