Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kho mob qog noj ntshav uas siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab tau tham txog dav dav. Qhov no suav nrog kev xa cov tshuaj mus rau hauv peb cov ntshav kom tua cov qog noj ntshav thiab tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob loj hlob. Tab sis koj puas paub tias muaj ntau hom tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav uas ua haujlwm sib txawv? Antimetabolites yog ib pawg tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias lub npe yuav zoo li nyuaj, txoj kev uas lawv ua haujlwm zoo heev. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov antimetabolites no.
Cov tshuaj antimetabolites no tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav li cas?
Hais yooj yim xwb, yam tshuaj no ua yog dag cov hlwb qog noj ntshav, zoo li muab tus yuam sij cuav rau lawv uas zoo ib yam li tus yuam sij tiag.
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, cia peb xub saib seb lub cell mob qog noj ntshav ua (faib) ntau lub cell li cas. Ib yam li txhua lub cell hauv peb lub cev, cov cell mob qog noj ntshav muaj ib yam hu ua DNA. Xav txog qhov no ua lub cell "phau ntawv qhia" lossis "daim qauv." Txoj kev npaj no yog qhov uas lub cell ua, thiab nws ua ntau daim qauv ntawm nws tus kheej li cas.
Yuav kom tsim tau daim qauv DNA no kom raug, lub cell xav tau qee yam khoom xyaw tseem ceeb. Ib yam li kev tsim lub tsev xav tau cib thiab cement. Peb hu cov khoom xyaw no ua metabolites. Cov no yog:
- Purines: Cov no yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA.
- Pyrimidines: Cov no yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA.
- Folic acid: Qhov no yog ib hom vitamin uas muab lub zog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cell.
Tam sim no, ntawm no yog yam tshuaj antimetabolite ua. Cov tshuaj molecule no tau ua zoo ib yam li cov khoom xyaw tiag tiag (metabolites) uas tau hais los saum toj no. Yog li, thaum lub cell mob qog noj ntshav sim ua nws cov DNA, nws siv cov khoom xyaw cuav no, cov tshuaj, xav tias nws yog cov khoom xyaw tiag tiag.
Xav txog koj tab tom ua mov. Koj xav tias nws yog ntsev thiab koj ntxiv qee qhov qab zib uas koj pom. Tom qab ntawd muaj dab tsi tshwm sim? Cov saj thiab cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov mov puas lawm, puas yog? Ib yam li ntawd, thaum lub cell mob qog noj ntshav siv cov khoom xyaw cuav no, nws daim qauv DNA yuam kev kiag li. Nrog daim qauv tsis raug, lub cell tsis tuaj yeem ua ntau daim qauv. Thaum kawg, lub cell mob qog noj ntshav tsis tuaj yeem faib dua thiab tuag.
Cov hom tshuaj antimetabolites tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Koj puas nco qab peb yam khoom xyaw tseem ceeb uas peb tau tham txog ua ntej? Cov tshuaj no muab faib ua peb hom tseem ceeb, nyob ntawm seb peb yam khoom xyaw ntawd yog hom twg.
- Cov tshuaj Purine antagonists: Cov no tiv thaiv cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav los ntawm kev tsim cov purines.
- Cov tshuaj Pyrimidine antagonists: Cov no tiv thaiv cov hlwb qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev ua cov pyrimidines.
- Cov tshuaj folic acid antagonists (antifolates):Cov no tiv thaiv cov hlwb qog noj ntshav kom tsis txhob siv cov folic acid los ua DNA.
Cov tshuaj no siv rau hom mob qog noj ntshav twg?
Cov tshuaj Antimetabolite siv los kho ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj twg zoo tshaj plaws rau koj raws li hom mob qog noj ntshav uas koj muaj, nws theem, thiab koj tau teb li cas rau cov kev kho mob yav dhau los. Qee cov tshuaj kuj tseem siv los kho lwm yam mob (xws li cov kab mob autoimmune) ntxiv rau mob qog noj ntshav.
Lub rooj hauv qab no teev qee cov tshuaj antimetabolite uas siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab cov hom mob qog noj ntshav uas lawv kho.
| Lub Npe Tshuaj | Hom Mob Cancer Uas Kho Tau |
|---|---|
| Fluorouracil (5-FU) | Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub mis, txoj hnyuv loj, lub plab, pancreas, thiab daim tawv nqaij |
| Capecitabine (Xeloda®) | Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub mis, txoj hnyuv loj, lub plab, txoj hlab pas thiab lub qog pancreatic |
| Gemcitabine (Gemzar®) | Mob qog nqaij hlav mis, mob ntsws (tsis yog mob qog nqaij hlav me), mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam thiab mob qog nqaij hlav pancreatic |
| Methotrexate | Kab mob Leukemia, lymphoma, mob qog nqaij hlav mis, mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws, mob qog nqaij hlav taub hau thiab caj dab, mob qog nqaij hlav pob txha (Osteosarcoma) |
| Cytarabine | Ntau hom kab mob leukemia sib txawv (Acute myeloid, ALL, CML) |
| Hydroxyurea | Kab mob qog ntshav dawb (Leukemia) (CML), mob qog ntshav taub hau thiab caj dab |
Cov tshuaj no muab rau lub cev li cas?
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los muab cov tshuaj no, nyob ntawm seb hom tshuaj twg raug muab.
- Siv rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (IV): Qhov no yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws. Cov tshuaj no raug muab rau hauv lub cev ua cov kua saline los ntawm lub cannula lossis lub qhov chemo uas muab tso rau hauv caj npab lossis hauv siab. Kev kho mob no yuav kav ntev li ob peb feeb, ob peb teev, lossis txawm tias ob peb hnub.
- Ua ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj: Qee cov tshuaj kuj tseem muab ua ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov rog hauv qab daim tawv nqaij.
- Cov Tshuaj Ntsuas: Qee cov tshuaj antimetabolites kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsuas uas tuaj yeem nqos tau.
- Ua ib qho tshuaj pleev rau sab nraud: Cov tshuaj 5-FU, uas yog siv los kho mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij (basal cell carcinoma), kuj muaj ua ib qho tshuaj pleev rau sab nraud.
Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob no yog dab tsi?
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav yog tias lawv tsom mus rau cov hlwb uas faib sai sai. Cov hlwb qog noj ntshav yog ib hom hlwb uas faib sai heev. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog, qee cov hlwb noj qab haus huv hauv peb lub cev kuj faib sai sai. Piv txwv li:
- Cov hlwb ntawm cov plaub hau
- Cov hlwb hauv qhov ncauj thiab txoj hnyuv zom zaub mov
- Cov hlwb tawv nqaij
- Cov qe ntshav tsim
Cov tshuaj antimetabolites tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hlwb mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov hlwb noj qab nyob zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov hlwb noj qab nyob zoo no kuj tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj. Yog vim li cas cov kev mob tshwm sim tshwm sim.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog:
- Kev nkees thiab kev qaug zog
- Kev poob plaub hau
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij (piv txwv li pob khaus )
- Xeev siab thiab ntuav
- Mob plab (mob plab)
- Kev ntshaw noj mov
Tiamsis cov kev mob tshwm sim no tsis tshwm sim rau txhua tus tib yam. Nws nyob ntawm seb koj tau txais cov tshuaj dab tsi, qhov ntau npaum li cas, thiab lwm yam . Yog li nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog qhov no ua ntej pib kho mob. Tam sim no muaj ntau yam tshuaj los tswj cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho mob no yog dab tsi?
Cov txiaj ntsig:
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj antimetabolites yog tias lawv tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj mob qog noj ntshav ntev dua thiab ua rau lub neej yooj yim dua los ntawm kev tswj cov tsos mob.
Kev Pheej Hmoo:
Qhov kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb yog cov kev mob tshwm sim uas peb tau tham ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis yog txhua txoj kev kho mob qog noj ntshav ua haujlwm zoo ib yam rau txhua tus. Ib yam tshuaj tshwj xeeb yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau koj tus mob qog noj ntshav. Raws sijhawm, cov qe ntshav qog noj ntshav yuav tiv taus cov tshuaj, thiab cov tshuaj yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom siv lwm yam tshuaj chemotherapy lossis lwm yam kev kho mob (piv txwv li, kev siv hluav taws xob, kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob).
Yog tias koj cev xeeb tub, pub niam mis, lossis muaj lwm yam mob, nco ntsoov qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej pib kho qhov no.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov tshuaj Antimetabolites yog ib hom tshuaj chemotherapy tshwj xeeb uas "dag" cov hlwb qog noj ntshav kom tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob faib.
- Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov hlwb qog noj ntshav kom tsis txhob tau txais cov khoom siv raw uas lawv xav tau los ua lawv cov DNA (genetic blueprint).
- Cov no yog siv los kho ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav sib txawv, xws li mob mis, mob ntsws, thiab mob ntshav dawb.
- Cov kev mob tshwm sim xws li plaub hau poob thiab xeev siab tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim tias cov tshuaj no kuj cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv uas faib sai.
- Kev kawm txog kev kho mob yuav ua rau koj ntshai me ntsis. Tab sis tsis txhob ntshai nug koj tus kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj uas koj tau txais, nws cov txiaj ntsig, qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim. Kev paub zoo yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus