Apoptosis yog dab tsi? Ib txoj hauv kev zoo kawg nkaus rau cov hlwb hauv peb lub cev tuag!

Koj puas tau xav txog seb muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov cell hauv peb lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lawv laus lossis puas lawm? Qhov tseeb, peb lub cev muaj peev xwm zoo kawg nkaus los paub cov cell no thiab tshem tawm lawv raws li kev txiav txim. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua apoptosis . Hais yooj yim, qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev tuag ntawm cell uas lub cev npaj thiab tswj, zoo ib yam li 'programmed cell death'.

Vim li cas qhov no hu ua apoptosis thiaj li tseem ceeb rau peb?

Xav txog seb, qee cov cell hauv peb lub cev laus zuj zus, lossis lawv cov DNA puas tsuaj. Yog tias cov cell no tseem muaj nyob hauv lub cev, lawv tuaj yeem faib thiab loj hlob yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, ua rau muaj cov kab mob txaus ntshai xws li mob qog noj ntshav. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua apoptosis pab peb tiv thaiv cov kev pheej hmoo zoo li no.

Qhov no zoo li tshem cov rooj tog qub thiab tawg hauv tsev. Ib yam li muaj cov rooj tog ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau hauv tsev puas tsuaj, muaj cov hlwb puas tsuaj no hauv peb lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem. Yog li, apoptosis yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas pab kom peb lub cev noj qab haus huv.

Tiam sis, txhua yam yuav tsum mus raws li txoj kev npaj. Yog tias muaj qee yam tsis raug hauv cov txheej txheem apoptosis no, txawm tias nws yog ntau lub cell tuag lossis yog tias cov cell uas yuav tsum tuag tsis tuag, qhov ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem.

• Yog tias apoptosis ntau dhau, nws kuj tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov hlwb noj qab haus huv uas peb lub cev xav tau. Piv txwv li, qhov mob no pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob xws li tus kab mob Alzheimer.
• Yog tias apoptosis tsis tshwm sim kom raug (yog txo qis): Cov cell puas tsuaj thiab tawg tseem nyob hauv lub cev, qhov chaw uas lawv pib faib thiab loj hlob tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav.

Tej zaum koj yuav xav kawm txog apoptosis vim tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub tau kuaj pom tias muaj nws. Nws yog ib qho ntuj tsim los xav paub tias cov txheej txheem me me hauv cov cell uas tsuas pom tau nrog lub tshuab microscope tuaj yeem cuam tshuam li cas rau cov tsos mob uas peb ntsib. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nkag siab txog apoptosis tuaj yeem pab koj nkag siab 'vim li cas' tom qab koj qhov kev kuaj mob. Kev paub no kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab koj tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog koj tus mob thiab cov kev xaiv kho mob.

Ua li cas tiag tiag nrog apoptosis? Nws lub hom phiaj yog dab tsi?

Apoptosis yog ib qho txheej txheem uas tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev. Nws pib txawm tias ua ntej peb yug los. Xav txog nws, thaum tus menyuam hauv plab tab tom loj hlob hauv plab, piv txwv li, txhawm rau kom cov ntiv tes tsim tau zoo, qee lub hlwb nyob nruab nrab yuav tsum tuag thaum lub sijhawm zoo. Qhov ntawd yog qhov apoptosis pab nrog.

Txawm tias tom qab peb yug los, apoptosis ua ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb:

• Peb lub cev cov hlwb qub thiab cov nqaij yuav tsum tau hloov cov tshiab tas li. Apoptosis pab nrog qhov no.
• Nws pab peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob.
• Puas tsuaj lawm,Cov hlwb uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim dua tshiab raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev.
• Nws tiv thaiv cov hlwb puas tsuaj kom tsis txhob loj hlob yam tsis tau tswj hwm.
• Pab tswj kom muaj kev sib npaug ('(Homeostasis)') hauv cov nqaij ntawm lub cev.

Qhov no hu ua apoptosis ua haujlwm li cas?

Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj, tab sis hais yooj yim, nws tshwm sim zoo li no. Qee cov protein tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev pib qhov txheej txheem apoptosis no. Ib qho piv txwv yog ib qho protein hu ua '(p53 protein).' Qhov no kuj hu ua "tumor suppressor protein" vim nws pab tiv thaiv cov cell kom tsis txhob faib tsis tau, xws li cov cell mob qog noj ntshav.

Nov yog li cas cov protein 'p53' ua haujlwm:

1. Ua ntej, cov protein no ua rau cov "genes" uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv peb lub cev ua haujlwm thiab sim kho cov cell uas puas lawm "DNA".

2. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev uas kho tsis tau, cov protein ntawd yuav tsis pub lub cell ntawd faib lossis loj hlob.

3. Hloov chaw, cov protein ntawd xa ib lub cim, "Okay, tam sim no lub cell no yuav tsum pib cov txheej txheem apoptosis."

Thaum lub apoptosis pib, muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim, thiab lub cell tawg ua tej daim me me. Tom qab ntawd, lub cell uas tab tom tuag xa ib lub cim mus rau lwm lub cell hu ua phagocytes (ib hom cell ntshav dawb, zoo li peb lub cev cov khoom pov tseg), hais tias, "Los noj cov daim no ntawm kuv." Tib lub sijhawm, lub cell uas tab tom tuag xa cov cim mus rau cov nqaij nyob ib puag ncig uas pab txo qhov o thiab kho sai dua. Zoo nkauj heev, puas yog?

Puas yog apoptosis ntau dhau txaus ntshai?

Yog, yeej muaj tseeb. Yog tias apoptosis tshwm sim ntau dhau, cov cell noj qab haus huv uas peb lub cev xav tau kuj tuaj yeem tuag. Qhov kev tuag ntawm cov cell ntau dhau no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Ib txhia ntawm cov kab mob no suav nrog:

• `(Tus kab mob Alzheimer)` (Tus kab mob Alzheimer)
• `(Kab mob Huntington)` (Kab mob Huntington)
• `(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS))` (Kab mob ALS)
• `(Kab mob Parkinson)` (Kab mob Parkinson)
• `(AIDS)` (AIDS)
• Mob plab hnyuv
• (Kab mob caj dab Rheumatoid) (Kab mob caj dab Rheumatoid)

Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov tsos mob tshwm sim vim yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlwb uas lub cev xav tau.

Yuav ua li cas yog tias apoptosis tsis tshwm sim kom raug (yog txo qis)?

Zoo li peb tau tham txog ua ntej lawm, apoptosis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshem tawm cov cell uas puas lawm, lossis rau kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cell uas tsis tswj tau. Yog li, yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim kom raug, uas yog , yog tias apoptosis tsis tshwm sim txaus, cov cell phem, puas tsuaj yuav nyob hauv lub cev thiab pib faib thiab nthuav dav yam tsis tswj tau.

Qhov no zoo li cov nroj tsuag. Yog tias tsis tswj kom zoo, nws yuav kis mus sai sai thiab ua puas tag nrho lub vaj.

Qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov cell tsis zoo no ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov kab mob autoimmune.Tej teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj heev yuav tshwm sim tau.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm apoptosis hauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau pom tias kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem apoptosis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm qee yam kab mob. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no lawv tab tom nrhiav cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv apoptosis thaum nws ntau dhau, lossis txhawb nws thaum nws xav tau .

Xav txog seb, tej zaum qee cov protein hauv peb lub cev yuav tsum tsis txhob tuag thaum nws yuav tsum tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd cov cell uas puas lawm yuav nyob ntev thiab loj hlob mus ua qog nqaij hlav. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tab tom nrhiav cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntawm cov protein no. Tom qab ntawd apoptosis yuav tshwm sim tau zoo, thiab cov cell phem ntawd yuav raug rhuav tshem.

Muaj lwm cov rooj plaub uas peb xav kom qeeb qeeb cov txheej txheem apoptosis me ntsis kom peb thiaj li tiv thaiv tau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv uas peb xav tau kom tsis txhob tuag.

Cov kev kho mob uas tswj tau qhov apoptosis li no yuav pab tswj tau ntau yam kab mob yav tom ntej. Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem qhia koj ntxiv txog qhov no.

Qhov txawv ntawm apoptosis thiab necrosis yog dab tsi?

Ib yam li apoptosis, necrosis yog lwm txoj kev uas cov cell tuag. Qhov txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob qho no yog tias apoptosis pab peb loj hlob txawm tias ua ntej peb yug los, thaum lub sijhawm embryonic (koj puas nco qab cov qauv zoo li ntiv tes?). Txawm li cas los xij, necrosis tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm embryonic. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab peb yug los, thaum cov cell raug puas tsuaj los ntawm ntau yam kab mob, raug mob, tshuaj lom, thiab lwm yam.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tias apoptosis thiab necrosis yog ob qho txheej txheem sib txawv kiag li. Lawv xav tias apoptosis yog kev tuag ntawm cov cell uas tau npaj tseg, thiab necrosis yog kev tuag ntawm cov cell uas tsis tau npaj tseg, thiab tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb . Qhov ntawd muaj tseeb rau qee qhov. Hauv necrosis, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cell uas tuag yuav tawm mus, kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau o. Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem "tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb". Tab sis hauv apoptosis, cov cell tuag yam tsis tau tawm lawv cov ntsiab lus. Hloov chaw, cov cell pieces raug ntim rau hauv ib txoj kev sib haum xeeb, thiab cov cell hu ua phagocytes tuaj rau hauv thiab noj lawv.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau pom tias muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws ntawm ob txoj kev no. Qee hom necrosis, zoo li apoptosis, tau pom tias yog programmed (lossis tswj) necrosis. Piv txwv li suav nrog necroptosis thiab pyroptosis . Qee zaum, thaum apoptosis tsis ua haujlwm, lub cev siv cov txheej txheem zoo li necroptosis kom tshem tawm cov cell tsis xav tau lossis ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Yog li, cov txheej txheem tuag cell sib txawv no ua haujlwm ua ke los pab tiv thaiv peb lub cev.

Lo lus 'Apoptosis' hais li cas?

Muaj ob txoj kev hais lo lus `Apoptosis` uas siv ntau. Ib txoj yog `App-up-toe-sis` thiab lwm txoj yog `App-uh-toe-sis`, uas txhais tau tias tsis muaj lub suab `p` thib ob. Koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov no, lossis lwm lo lus uas cuam tshuam txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Nws tsis yog ib qho teeb meem loj, qhov tseem ceeb yog kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus.

Thaum kawg, tej yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Apoptosis yog ib qho txheej txheem uas peb tsis pom, tab sis tseem ceeb heev uas tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev txhua hnub kom peb muaj sia nyob thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Qhov kev tuag ntawm cov cell no tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb nqa peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv xwb tab sis kuj pab tiv thaiv kab mob.

Yog tias koj tau kuaj pom tias muaj apoptosis, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog nws kom koj thiaj li nkag siab meej txog qhov mob, nws cuam tshuam li cas rau koj, thiab cov kev kho mob uas yuav ua tau.

Nco ntsoov, kev paub txog tej yam zoo li no yuav pab tau koj ntau thaum txiav txim siab txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Kev tuag ntawm cov hlwb, kev tuag ntawm cov hlwb uas tau teeb tsa tseg, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, kev noj qab haus huv, kab mob, mob qog noj ntshav