Koj puas tau xav tias mob khaub thuas lossis mob ntsws yuav ploj mus li cas hauv ob peb hnub? Los yog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum yau tiv thaiv peb ntawm qee yam kab mob mus tas li li cas? Tom qab tag nrho qhov no yog ib pab tub rog me me tab sis muaj zog heev hauv peb lub cev, tsis pom los ntawm lub qhov muag liab qab. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib tug tub rog tshwj xeeb heev hauv pab tub rog ntawd. Cov ntawd yog B hlwb .
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov B cell no yog leej twg?
Cov qe ntshav B yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb hauv peb lub cev. Yog hais kom meej, lawv yog ib hom qe ntshav tshwj xeeb uas koom nrog pawg qe ntshav dawb hu ua lymphocytes. Xav txog tias peb lub cev yog ib lub tebchaws loj. Ces peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog pab tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm lub tebchaws ntawd. Muaj ntau pawg tub rog sib txawv hauv pab tub rog no. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj ntau hom qe ntshav sib txawv hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Ntawm cov no, cov qe ntshav B muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Uas yog, lawv tsim cov riam phom los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab xws li cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu cov riam phom no ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov protein no hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog siv los rhuav tshem cov kab mob ua rau muaj kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev.
Nrog rau cov qe ntshav B, lwm tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov qe ntshav T. Txawm hais tias cov qe ntshav B zoo li cov chaw tsim khoom uas ua riam phom, cov qe ntshav T zoo li cov thawj coj uas mus ncaj qha rau hauv thaj chaw sib ntaus sib tua kom rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab lossis coj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ua ke, ob qho no tiv thaiv peb ntawm kab mob.
Muaj ob hom hlwb B tseem ceeb.
Ib yam li hauv peb cov tub rog kev ruaj ntseg, muaj cov pab pawg ntawm cov hlwb B uas ua ntau yam haujlwm. Muaj ob hom feem ntau.
| Hom hlwb B | Txoj haujlwm uas tab tom ua |
|---|---|
| Cov hlwb ntshav | Cov no yog cov "neeg tsim riam phom." Thaum ib tug kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov hlwb no tsim ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob los tawm tsam nws. Koj puas paub tias ib lub hlwb plasma tuaj yeem tsim tau li ntawm 2,000 cov tshuaj tua kab mob ib ob? Yog li ntawd cov neeg no ua haujlwm tau zoo. Tab sis lawv lub neej luv me ntsis. |
| Cov Cell Nco | Cov no yog cov "neeg soj xyuas" lossis "cov neeg khaws cov ntaub ntawv." Cov hlwb no ua haujlwm li cas yog nco qab txhua yam ntawm txhua tus yeeb ncuab (kab mob) uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Yog tias tus kab mob uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ib zaug rov qab los, cov hlwb nco qab no sai sai paub nws thiab qhia rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob txog nws. Tom qab ntawd cov hlwb plasma tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sai sai thiab rhuav tshem tus yeeb ncuab ntawd ua ntej nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb muab rau koj ua haujlwm vim lawv txhawb nqa kev nco qab ntawm cov hlwb nco qab no. |
Xav txog tias koj muaj mob qhua pias thaum koj tseem yog menyuam yaus. Los yog koj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv mob qhua pias. Cov qe ntshav B hauv koj lub cev nco qab tus kab mob qhua pias zoo heev. Yog tias tus kab mob qhua pias puas tau sim nkag mus rau hauv koj lub cev dua, cov qe ntshav no paub nws sai li sai tau thaum lawv pom nws thiab xa lub cim mus rau cov tub rog. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsis tau mob qhua pias dua. Qhov ntawd yog lub peev xwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov qe ntshav no.
Cov txheej txheem zoo kawg uas cov hlwb B ua haujlwm
Txoj kev uas cov qe ntshav B ua haujlwm thaum cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab xav tsis thoob heev. Cia peb nkag siab nws hauv ob peb kauj ruam yooj yim.
1. Txheeb xyuas tus yeeb ncuab: Ua ntej, ib lub "cell tiv thaiv" (Antigen-presenting cell - APC) hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntes tus yeeb ncuab (kab mob/kab mob) uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb ncuab no, muaj ib lub cim tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lawv. Nws hu ua antigen . Nws zoo li ib daim duab kos rau ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg ua txhaum cai. Lub cell tiv thaiv ntes tus yeeb ncuab no thiab tso saib nws cov antigen (tattoo) rau ntawm nws qhov chaw. Nws zoo li qhia txhua tus tias "Qhov no yog tub sab."
2. Qhia rau cov thawj coj: Tus yeeb ncuab lub cim qhia li no yog tus thawj coj tshwj xeeb hauv peb pab tub rog pom, uas yog, tus pab T cell . Thaum tus T cell pom qhov no, nws ua haujlwm. Nws yog tus uas yuav muab lus txib rau cov B cell.
3. Kev ua kom cov qe ntshav B ua haujlwm: Cov qe ntshav T uas tau ua haujlwm mus thiab txuas rau cov qe ntshav B, xa ib lub cim kom "npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua." Thaum tau txais lub cim no, cov qe ntshav B pib faib, ua ntau txhiab daim qauv (clones) ntawm nws tus kheej.
4. Faib ua ob lub zog: Ib txhia ntawm cov hlwb B uas tsim los ntawm txoj kev no dhau los ua cov hlwb plasma . Lwm qhov dhau los ua cov hlwb nco thiab npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua yav tom ntej.
5. Kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv kab mob:Thaum lawv tau dhau los ua cov hlwb ntshav (plasma cells), lawv pib tsim ntau lab tus kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb los tsom rau tus yeeb ncuab thawj zaug. Cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob no zoo li cov foob pob tua neeg. Lawv mus thiab txuas rau cov yeeb ncuab thoob plaws lub cev, rhuav tshem lossis ua rau lawv tsis ua haujlwm. Nov yog li cas peb rov zoo los ntawm kev mob nkeeg.
Cov qe ntshav B tsim nyob qhov twg hauv peb lub cev?
Thaum peb nyob hauv peb niam lub tsev menyuam thaum peb tseem yog menyuam yaus, cov qe ntshav B raug tsim tawm hauv lub siab. Tab sis tom qab peb yug los, cov qe ntshav B raug tsim tawm hauv peb cov pob txha. Cov pob txha yog qhov spongy ntawm peb cov pob txha loj. Cov qe ntshav B no raug tsim tawm los ntawm cov qe ntshav hematopoietic stem cell nyob ntawd. Tom qab lawv loj hlob, cov qe ntshav B no mus rau lub spleen thiab lymph nodes, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev lymphatic, thiab ua haujlwm.
Yog tias cov qe ntshav B ua haujlwm tsis zoo, yuav ua li cas?
Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ua haujlwm zoo tas li. Qee zaum, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qe ntshav B tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav.
| Pawg kab mob | Yuav ua li cas thiab piv txwv |
|---|---|
| Cov Kab Mob Autoimmune | Qhov no yog ib qho xwm txheej tu siab heev. Qhov uas tshwm sim ntawm no yog tias peb cov qe ntshav B tsis muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm "phooj ywg thiab yeeb ncuab." Qhov ntawd yog, cov qe ntshav B pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam peb cov qe ntshav noj qab haus huv. Zoo li peb cov tub rog tab tom tawm tsam peb. Piv txwv li:
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| Mob qog noj ntshav | Qee zaum, vim muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav B, lawv pib faib tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau. Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov qe ntshav B uas tsis zoo no tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Piv txwv li:
|
Koj paub li cas tias koj cov qe ntshav dawb B yog ib txwm muaj?
Ib tug neeg laus feem ntau muaj li ntawm 1,000 thiab 4,800 lymphocytes rau ib microliter ntawm cov ntshav. Ntawm cov lymphocytes no, ntawm 10% thiab 20% yog B cell.
Kev kuaj ntshav tag nrho (CBC) uas koj tus kws kho mob ua tuaj yeem muab lub tswv yim rau koj txog tag nrho cov lymphocytes hauv koj lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog koj cov qe ntshav B, koj yuav tsum muaj kev kuaj tshwj xeeb hu ua lymphocyte profile . Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj no, tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li txiav txim siab seb koj cov qe ntshav B siab lossis qis thiab qhov ua rau yog dab tsi. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog koj cov kev kuaj ntshav, nco ntsoov tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
Peb yuav ua li cas kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov qe ntshav B muaj zog?
Tsis muaj ib yam txuj ci tseem ceeb uas yuav kho tau kom peb cov qe ntshav B ntau ntxiv raws li ntuj tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev ua kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo thiab muaj zog, peb tuaj yeem pab peb cov qe ntshav B ua lawv txoj haujlwm kom raug. Txawm hais tias cov no zoo li yooj yim rau koj, lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv peb kom tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntau dhau.
- Tau txais txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas pom zoo: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los cob qhia peb cov hlwb B nco qab.
- Noj zaub mov kom zoo: Noj cov khoom noj uas muaj cov vitamins thiab minerals ntau, xws li zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab zaub ntsuab.
- Tswj kev ntxhov siab: Kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog. Koj tuaj yeem txo kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev xav, kev tawm dag zog, thiab kev ua si lom zem.
- Tsis txhob haus dej cawv thiab haus luam yeeb: Cov no ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo.
- Pw tsaug zog txaus: Tau txais 7-8 teev ntawm kev pw tsaug zog zoo hauv ib hnub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom rov zoo.
- Kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua: Kev tawm dag zog nruab nrab tsawg kawg 150 feeb hauv ib lub lim tiam yog qhov zoo heev rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
- Nyob kom huv si: Ntxuav koj txhais tes nrog xab npum tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob tsis xav tau.
Cov qe ntshav B yog cov me nyuam yaus hauv peb lub cev uas ua haujlwm ntsiag to tab sis tas li. Yog tsis muaj lawv, peb yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, txawm tias mob khaub thuas yooj yim tuaj yeem ua rau peb mob hnyav. Yog li, cia peb txhua tus sim saib xyuas cov me nyuam yaus no thiab ua kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov qe ntshav B yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tawm tsam cov kab mob.
- Muaj ob hom hlwb B tseem ceeb: hlwb plasma, uas sib ntaus tam sim ntawd, thiab hlwb nco, uas nco ntsoov cov yeeb ncuab.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov hlwb nco, yog li tiv thaiv peb kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob ntawd yav tom ntej.
- Kev ua tsis tau zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav B tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov mob hnyav xws li cov kab mob autoimmune thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
- Los ntawm kev ua raws li kev ua neej noj qab haus huv (kev noj zaub mov zoo, kev pw tsaug zog, kev tawm dag zog, kev tswj kev ntxhov siab) peb tuaj yeem ua kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog.
- Yog koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog koj cov kev kuaj ntshav lossis lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham tas li.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus