Koj puas tau xav tias muaj pes tsawg yam zoo kawg nkaus tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev? Peb tsis paub tias, yeej ib txwm muaj kev ua tsov rog loj tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev. Kev ua tsov rog no yog ua los ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws zoo li ib pab tub rog uas tiv thaiv peb lub teb chaws. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog no yog nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab xws li cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas los ntawm sab nraud. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum pab tub rog no ua phem dhau thiab pib tawm tsam cov hlwb zoo hauv peb lub cev. Thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no, yuav tsum muaj ib tus neeg los tswj pab tub rog no thiab muab cov lus txib zoo rau lawv, puas yog? Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib hom hlwb tshwj xeeb uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ntawd yog Regulatory T cells, lossis luv luv Tregs .
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov Regulatory T cells (Tregs) no yog dab tsi?
Xav txog koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua ib pab tub rog zoo thiab muaj zog heev. Muaj ntau hom tub rog sib txawv hauv pab tub rog no. Ntawm lawv, cov qe ntshav T Regulatory zoo li cov tub ceev xwm saum toj kawg nkaus, lossis cov tub ceev xwm, hauv pab tub rog no. Lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tswj cov qe ntshav lwm tus (cov tub rog) ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntau dhau lossis ntxhov siab.
Cov no yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb hauv peb lub cev. Lawv ib txwm saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog tias qhov twg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm ntau dhau, txhais tau tias yog nws sim tawm tsam peb cov qe ntshav, cov qe ntshav Tregs no yuav nkag mus thiab nres qhov txheej txheem ntawd. Lawv zoo li hais tias, "Okay, okay, txaus lawm. Qhov ntawd yog peb ib tug, tsis txhob tawm tsam."
Yog tsis muaj cov Tregs no, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsis tswj tau thiab pib ua puas tsuaj rau peb lub cev. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua tus kab mob autoimmune .
Hais yooj yim xwb, Tregs yog ib hom cell tseem ceeb heev uas tswj tau qhov sib npaug ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xaiv ntawm qhov yog thiab qhov tsis yog thiab cawm lawv.
Yog li, cov 'antigens' no yog dab tsi?
Peb hais tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib pab tub rog. Yog li ntawd, pab tub rog no tawm tsam leej twg? Lawv tawm tsam cov antigens . Antigens yog cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov khoom uas ua rau peb lub cev puas tsuaj, cov khoom txawv teb chaws. Thaum tus yeeb ncuab no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob paub nws thiab tsim cov protein hu ua antibodies los tawm tsam nws.
Muaj peb hom antigens no. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.
| Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob | Tsuas yog ib qho kev piav qhia xwb |
|---|---|
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txawv teb chaws | Cov no yog cov yeeb ncuab uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev los ntawm sab nraud. Piv txwv li, cov kab mob me me, cov kab mob sib kis, cov kab mob me me, thiab cov tshuaj lom. |
| Cov antigens uas yog tus kheej | Cov no yog tsim tawm hauv peb lub cev, ntawm peb cov hlwb thiab cov nqaij. Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau tsis tawm tsam lawv. Piv txwv li, muaj cov antigens ntawm cov qe ntshav hauv peb cov ntshav. |
| Cov Antigens (Neoantigens) ntawm cov hlwb qog noj ntshav | Cov no yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb qog noj ntshav. Cov no yog cov antigens tshiab uas tau hloov pauv los ntawm 'tus kheej antigens' uas muaj nyob hauv peb cov hlwb. |
Lub peev xwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Treg hlwb yog xaiv qhov twg ntawm cov antigens no los tawm tsam thiab qhov twg yuav tsum tsis txhob kov .
Cov hom Tregs tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom subtypes ntawm cov hlwb Treg no, cov kws tshawb fawb faib lawv ua ob pawg tseem ceeb, txhua tus muaj ob txoj haujlwm.
| Hom Treg | Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb |
|---|---|
| iTregs (Cov Tregs Uas Ua Rau Mob) | Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog cov antigens txawv teb chaws thiab cov hlwb qog noj ntshav (neoantigens). Lawv pib lawv txoj haujlwm nrog cov cim los ntawm cov protein me me hu ua cytokines . |
| Cov Ntoo Ntuj (Natural Tregs) | Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog peb lub cev cov antigens (tus kheej-antigens). Ntawd yog, lawv txoj haujlwm yog tswj kev o ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune. |
Cov Regulatory T cells muab kev pabcuam dab tsi rau peb lub cev?
Tam sim no peb paub tias Tregs yog cov tswv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv muab cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb rau peb. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi:
- Tswj cov lus teb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob: Nws coj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tsuas yog tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab txawv teb chaws thiab cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav kom txaus, raws nraim ntawm lub hom phiaj.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Peb Lub Cev: Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom tsis txhob tawm tsam peb cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Cov kws kho mob hu qhov no ua 'kev kam rau tus kheej' . Uas yog, peb qhia peb lub cev kom kam rau nws tus kheej yam. Qhov no yog li cas peb thiaj li tiv thaiv peb tus kheej ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob autoimmune.
- Tswj Kev O: Nws pab tswj kev o thiab o tsis tsim nyog hauv lub cev thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nqaij.
- Pab nrog kev hloov pauv lub cev: Thaum ib tug neeg tau txais ib lub cev tshiab (xws li lub raum lossis lub plawv), peb lub cev pom nws ua neeg txawv teb chaws thiab sim tsis lees txais nws. Cov hlwb Tregs ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob so thiab pab nws txais lub cev tshiab.
Cov hlwb zoo kawg no pib qhov twg los?
Cov Tregs no yog tsim los ntawm cov qog thymus hauv peb lub cev. Qhov no yog ib qho qog uas ntau tus neeg yuav tsis tau hnov txog. Nws nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm peb lub hauv siab, ntawm ob lub ntsws, tom qab lub hauv siab (sternum).
Lub qog thymus tsim ib hom tshuaj hormone hu ua thymosin. Cov tshuaj hormone no pab cov hlwb Tregs loj hlob. Thaum cov hlwb ntshav dawb (tshwj xeeb yog cov lymphocytes ) uas tsim nyob rau hauv peb cov pob txha pob txha hla dhau lub qog thymus, lawv dhau los ua cov hlwb T. Thaum cov hlwb T no loj hlob lawm, lawv mus rau cov qog lymph thiab npaj txhij rau kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov xav tsis thoob tiag tiag yog tias lub qog thymus tsuas yog tsim cov qe ntshav T kom txog thaum peb loj hlob tuaj. Tom qab ntawd, lub qog maj mam ntsws thiab hloov los ntawm cov rog.
Cov Tregs puas muaj txiaj ntsig rau lwm yam mob?
Yog, kiag li! Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus kub tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob tam sim no. Cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no tab tom sim saib seb cov hlwb Tregs no puas siv tau los kho ntau yam kab mob. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua xua, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab cov kab mob autoimmune.
Lawv ntseeg tias los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov Tregs hlwb no hauv lub cev, nws yuav ua tau los tswj cov haujlwm tsis xav tau ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Los ntawm qhov no, nws yuav ua tau los tswj lossis kho cov kab mob hauv qab no yav tom ntej.
- Lupus
- Kab mob Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Mob qog ntshav
- Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1
- Mob pob qij txha caj qaum
- Mob plab hnyuv
Peb ua tau dab tsi los pab kom peb cov hlwb Tregs noj qab nyob zoo?
Nws yog nyob rau hauv peb txhais tes los tswj cov cell muaj nqis no uas ua rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob sib npaug. Peb tsis tas yuav ua dab tsi tshwj xeeb los ua qhov ntawd. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua raws li kev ua neej yooj yim thiab noj qab haus huv.
- Tswj koj cov dej cawv: Yog tias koj haus dej cawv, ua kom tsawg.
- Noj zaub mov zoo uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: Noj zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab zaub ntsuab ntau ntxiv.
- Ua kom lub cev muaj zog tsis tu ncua: Ua kom lub cev muaj zog tsawg kawg yog 30 feeb hauv ib hnub.
- Pw tsaug zog txaus: Kev pw tsaug zog zoo 7-8 teev hauv ib hnub yog qhov tseem ceeb.
- Tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo: Kev tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo rau koj qhov siab yuav pab tiv thaiv koj ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
- Tswj kev ntxhov siab: Tswj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb los ntawm kev ua yoga thiab kev xav.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb: Yog tias koj haus luam yeeb, tso tseg hnub no.
- Mus txhaj tshuaj raws sijhawm: Kev txhaj tshuaj tsim nyog yuav ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog.
- Ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus: Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov kab mob yog ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem nug kuv tus kws kho mob txog kev kho mob Tregs?
Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug uas ntau tus neeg muaj. Tam sim no, kev kho mob siv Treg hlwb tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob lossis chaw kho mob ib txwm muaj. Cov kev kho mob no tseem nyob rau theem kev tshawb fawb (kev sim tshuaj).
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tseem tab tom nrhiav seb yuav ua li cas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo rau cov hlwb Treg hauv lub cev. Nov yog qee txoj hauv kev uas lawv tab tom kawm:
- Hom tshuaj
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
- Kev kho mob hlwb: Hloov cov hlwb Treg sab nraum lub cev thiab rov qhia lawv rau hauv lub cev
- Kev hloov quav
Yog li, cov no yuav dhau los ua cov kev kho mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas peb tuaj yeem tos ntsoov rau yav tom ntej.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov qe ntshav T tswj hwm (Tregs) zoo li cov "neeg zov" lossis "tub ceev xwm" ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntau dhau thiab tawm tsam peb lub cev (kab mob autoimmune).
- Lawv paub qhov txawv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab sab nraud thiab peb lub cev cov hlwb, muab cov lus txib meej rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Los ntawm kev ua raws li kev ua neej noj qab haus huv, peb tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb Tregs no.
- Txawm hais tias kev kho mob siv Treg hlwb tseem nyob rau theem tshawb fawb, muaj kev cia siab tias lawv yuav pab kho ntau yam kab mob yav tom ntej.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus