Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo ntawm Pob Txha: Cia peb tham txog qhov no kom meej!

Cov pob txha yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov ntshav hauv koj lub cev. Nws zoo li lub Hoobkas. Lub Hoobkas no tsim cov khoom xws li cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov ntshav platelets uas pab peb lub cev txhaws. Xav txog seb yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias lub Hoobkas no tsis ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd, lossis yog tias nws tsis ua haujlwm zoo? Qhov ntawd yog qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha. Cia peb tham txog qhov no kom meej me ntsis.

Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo ntawm Pob Txha Yog Dab Tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov ua tsis tau ntawm cov pob txha yog thaum koj cov pob txha tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, lossis cov qe ntshav dawb txaus rau lub cev. Txhua hom qe ntshav no muaj lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev.

• Cov qe ntshav liab yog cov uas nqa cov pa oxygen thoob plaws lub cev. Yog tias lawv tsawg, koj yuav qaug zog thiab ntsej muag daj ntseg.
• Cov qe ntshav dawb zoo li cov tub rog hauv peb lub cev. Lawv tawm tsam cov kab mob. Yog tias lawv tsawg, qhov muaj feem yuav mob ntau.
• Cov ntshav platelets pab cov ntshav txhaws, uas txhais tau tias lawv tsis txhob los ntshav thaum koj raug mob. Yog tias koj cov ntshav platelets poob qis, txawm tias yog qhov txhab me me tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav ntau.

Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lwm yam mob. Tab sis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj laj thawj pom tseeb. Cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem tswj cov tsos mob nrog cov tshuaj thiab ntau yam kev kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, tib txoj kev kho mob mus sij hawm ntev rau qhov mob no yog kev hloov pauv hlwb allogeneic .

Cov hom mob no tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Muaj ob hom kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha:

1. Tau txais: Cov kws tshaj lij tsis paub meej tias dab tsi ua rau muaj tus mob no. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qee yam kab mob, kev raug tshuaj lom neeg, lossis kev siv tshuaj. Hom no maj mam tshwm sim raws sijhawm.

2. Tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces: Qhov no tshwm sim yog tias koj tau txais kev hloov pauv caj ces (kev hloov pauv) los ntawm ib lossis ob leeg ntawm koj niam koj txiv. Cov kws kho mob hu qhov no ua Kab Mob Pob Txha Tsis Ua Haujlwm .

Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Qhov no yeej tsis yog ib qho mob uas pom ntau heev. Piv txwv li, muaj li ntawm 65 tus ntawm txhua lab tus menyuam mos uas yug hauv Tebchaws Meskas txhua xyoo muaj tus mob hlwb pob txha tsis ua haujlwm uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog tus mob uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces hu ua "Fanconi Anemia." Nws cuam tshuam rau li ntawm ib ntawm tsib tus ntawm txhua lab tus. Yog li koj tuaj yeem pom, qhov no tsis tshua muaj.

Cov tsos mob yuav yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb ua rau pob txha tsis ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg uas muaj pob txha tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm noob caj ces yuav pib muaj cov tsos mob thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias ib tug neeg uas muaj hom mob no yuav pib muaj cov tsos mob thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20 thiab 25 xyoos, lossis lig li 65 xyoos. Txawm hais tias nws pib thaum twg los xij, cov tsos mob feem ntau yog:

• Mob hauv cov pob txha
• Los ntshav ntau dhau (piv txwv li, los ntshav ntswg, los ntshav pos hniav, los ntshav ntau thaum cev xeeb tub)
• Kev qaug zog thiab kev qaug zog heev
• kub taub hau ntau zaus
• Cov kab mob kis kab mob ntau zaus
• Mob taub hau
• Ua pa nyuaj (Dyspnea)
• Xim tawv nqaij daj dua li niaj zaus
• Cov pob liab me me hauv qab daim tawv nqaij (Petechiae)
• Kev mob ntawm lub cev yam tsis muaj laj thawj paub

Yog koj tseem muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob no, nco ntsoov mus ntsib kws kho mob.

Vim li cas cov pob txha no thiaj tsis ua haujlwm? Dab tsi yog cov ua rau?

Cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob pob txha tsis ua haujlwm:

• Koj muaj mob pob txha tsis ua haujlwm (uas yog los ntawm noob caj noob ces).
• Koj muaj mob qog ntshav hauv cov ntshav, lwm yam kab mob ntshav, lossis qee yam kab mob ntshav, mob qog ntshav, lossis kev kis kab mob (cov no yog cov uas pib tom qab, uas yog, lawv yog hom '(Kaws Tau)').
• Kev raug rau qee yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj (qhov no kuj poob rau hauv qeb '(Tau Txais)').

Qee zaum, qhov mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj laj thawj pom tseeb. Cov kws kho mob kuj hu nws tias " idiopathic bone marrow failure." Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm autoimmunity thiab bone marrow failure. Autoimmunity yog thaum koj lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam koj cov pob txha tsis raug.

Cov Kab Mob Tsis Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Pob Txha Uas Tau Txais Los Ntawm Keeb Kwm

Nov yog qee yam mob uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces, muaj feem cuam tshuam, lossis muaj cov tsos mob zoo sib xws:

• Kab mob Agranulocytosis txij thaum yug los (Kostmann Syndrome): Qhov no cuam tshuam rau ib hom qe ntshav dawb hu ua neutrophils.
• Kab mob ntshav txhaws hauv koj lub cev (Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia - CAMT): Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, muaj kev txo qis ntawm cov hlwb hu ua megakaryocytes, uas pab ua cov platelets, hauv koj cov pob txha.
• Kab mob Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia): Qhov no yog ib qho mob ntev uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab.
• Dyskeratosis Congenita (Dyskeratosis Congenita - "(Dyskeratosis Congenita)":Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob no suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas tuaj yeem yog lub cim qhia ntxov ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov pob txha.
• Fanconi Anemia (Fanconi Anemia): Qhov no yog qhov mob pob txha tsis ua haujlwm feem ntau.
• Reticular Dysgenesis (Reticular Dysgenesis): Qhov no yog ib hom mob hnyav ua ke tiv thaiv kab mob (SCID). Hauv qhov mob no, koj lub cev tsis tsim cov T-cells loj hlob txaus.
• Mob Ntshav Tsis Zoo Thaum Yug Los (Hnyav Mob Ntshav Tsis Zoo Thaum Yug Los): Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, koj cov neutrophils, ib hom qe ntshav dawb, qis dua li qub.
• Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome): Tus mob no cuam tshuam rau koj lub txiav, pob txha, thiab pob txha.

Yog tias ib tug ntawm koj niam koj txiv muaj tus mob thiab cov tsos mob (qhov no hu ua "Autosomal Dominant"), koj muaj 50% feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm kev mob thiab kev mob hlwb pob txha tsis ua haujlwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj niam koj txiv ob leeg muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas cuam tshuam nrog tib hom mob pob txha tsis ua haujlwm, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug ntawm lawv muaj cov tsos mob (qhov no hu ua "Autosomal Recessive"), koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob yuav raug txo kom txog 25%.

Mob qog ntshav

Koj muaj feem yuav mob pob txha tsis ua haujlwm yog tias koj muaj ib hom mob qog noj ntshav hauv qab no:

• Lymphoma
• Ntau yam mob myeloma
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Lwm Yam Kab Mob Ntshav

Muaj ib txhia neeg yug los muaj cov mob no. Lwm tus neeg kuj muaj cov mob no ntev zuj zus. Cov no suav nrog:

• Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus (Aplastic Anemia): Qhov no yog ib qho mob ntshav tsis tshua muaj. Nws ua rau koj cov pob txha puas tsuaj thiab tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob tsim cov qe ntshav tshiab thiab cov ntshav platelets. Cov kws kho mob yuav siv lo lus "aplastic anemia" thaum lawv tham txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov pob txha.
• Cytopenias (Cytopenias): Qhov no suav nrog cov mob xws li autoimmune neutropenia, idiopathic neutropenia, thiab large granular lymphocyte leukemia.
• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria): Hauv qhov mob no, koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab.
• Pure Red Cell Aplasia (Pure Red Cell Aplasia): Qhov no kuj yog ib qho mob uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj ces uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab.

Kev kis kab mob viral

Cov kab mob viral hauv qab no kuj tseem yuav ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob ntxiv:

• Kab mob Cytomegalovirus (Cytomegalovirus)
• Kab mob Epstein-Barr
• Kab mob HIV (HIV)
• Kab mob Parvovirus B19 `(Parvovirus B19)`
• Kab mob siab viral

Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav thiab/lossis kev kho mob siv hluav taws xob rau mob qog noj ntshav kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob pob txha tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev raug tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov kuab tshuaj uas siv rau hauv qee cov tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob ntau dua.

Cov teeb meem ntawm tus mob no yog dab tsi?

Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus . Txawm tias tom qab kho mob lawm los xij, cov teeb meem hauv qab no kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim tau:

• Cov kab mob bacterial lossis viral
• Los ntshav
• Mob qog ntshav, piv txwv li, mob leukemia myeloid lossis myelodysplasia
• Lwm cov qog nqaij hlav, piv txwv li osteosarcoma thiab rhabdomyosarcoma
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Koj kuaj qhov no li cas?

Tus kws kho mob yuav xub nug koj txog koj cov tsos mob, koj keeb kwm kev mob nkeeg, thiab koj tsev neeg keeb kwm kev mob nkeeg. Lawv kuj tseem yuav kuaj lub cev. Lawv kuj tseem yuav xaj kom kuaj ntshav thiab kuaj duab.

Kev Ntsuas Ntshav

Kev kuaj ntshav yuav muaj xws li:

• Kev Ntsuas Ceruloplasmin
• Kev suav ntshav tag nrho (CBC)
• Kev Ntsuas Ferritin
• Kev Ntsuas Qhov Tsis Txaus Folate
• Kev Ntsuas Vitamin B12 Tsis Txaus

Kev Ntsuas Duab

Kev kuaj duab yuav muaj xws li:

• Kev Siv Tshuab Xam Xaj Sib Nqus (MRI) - '(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)' scan
• Kev Siv Positron Emission Tomography (PET - `(Positron Emission Tomography)` scan)
• Kev kuaj mob ultrasound (Ultrasound)

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav thiab kev kuaj duab, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom kuaj cov pob txha . Nws kuj tseem yuav pom zoo kom kuaj cov noob caj noob ces kom paub txog kev hloov pauv noob caj noob ces uas ua rau cov pob txha tsis ua haujlwm.

Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav xaj kom kuaj mob los kuaj xyuas qee yam kab mob lossis tshem tawm lwm yam mob. Lawv yuav piav qhia rau koj vim li cas lawv thiaj ua txhua qhov kev kuaj mob thiab cov kev kuaj mob qhia tau dab tsi.

Cov kev kho mob yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob uas koj tau txais yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog:

• Hom kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha (piv txwv li seb nws yog los ntawm noob caj noob ces lossis tau txais).
• Qhov hnyav ntawm koj tus mob.
• Koj lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
• Koj cov tsos mob.

Cov kev xaiv kho mob yuav muaj xws li:

• Cov tshuaj tua kab mob , cov tshuaj tua kab mob fungal, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom tua cov kab mob.
• Kev ntxiv ntshav kom nce cov qe ntshav liab thiab txo cov tsos mob xws li los ntshav thiab qaug zog.
• Cov tshuaj txhawb nqa pob txha pab koj cov pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav ntau dua.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pab tiv thaiv koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tsis txhob tawm tsam koj cov pob txha.
• Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Txiaj Ntsig Allogeneic (Pob Txha)

Puas muaj tej yam tshwm sim los yog teeb meem ntawm kev kho mob? (Treatment Complications)

Cov teeb meem thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim sib txawv nyob ntawm seb kev kho mob zoo li cas, tab sis kev hloov hlwb pob txha (stem cell) yog qhov yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj tshaj plaws. Cov no suav nrog tus kab mob graft-versus-host (GVHD) thiab kev kis kab mob.

Lub neej yuav zoo li cas nrog rau qhov xwm txheej no? (Kev kwv yees)

Qhov koj yuav tau txais tom qab kev kho mob (kev kwv yees) nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog hom kab mob, koj lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho, thiab koj lub cev teb li cas rau kev kho mob.

Feem ntau, cov neeg uas muaj cov pob txha tsis ua haujlwm xav tau kev kho mob thiab kev txhawb nqa tas mus li . Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus neeg zoo ib yam. Paub koj tus mob kom meej, thiab nug koj tus kws kho mob seb yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab koj thawj zaug kho mob.

Puas yog kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob txha caj qaum yog ib qho mob uas ua rau tuag taus? (Puas yog qhov kawg?)

Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav heev, uas yuav ua rau tuag taus . Feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj pob txha tsis ua haujlwm zoo raug kho los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev paub dhau los xws li kws kho mob oncologists thiab kws kho mob ntshav.

Yuav hais li cas txog lub neej ntev ntawm cov neeg mob no? (Lub Neej Ntev)

Lub neej ntev npaum li cas yog qhov kwv yees tias ib tug neeg yuav muaj sia nyob ntev npaum li cas tom qab kho mob rau ib yam mob. Lub neej ntev npaum li cas ntawm cov neeg uas muaj pob txha tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ntev li ob peb lub hlis mus txog ib sim neej.

Tiam sis, koj yog ib tug neeg tshwj xeeb, thiab koj tej kev paub yuav txawv ntawm lwm tus neeg. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txog yam koj xav tau, thiab koj yuav muaj sia nyob ntev npaum li cas. Lawv yog koj qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws los qhia koj, vim lawv paub koj thiab koj tus mob.

Puas txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo? (Txo Kev Pheej Hmoo)

Tu siab kawg li, tsis muaj ib txoj kev twg los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Txawm li cas los xij, kev zam cov tshuaj uas paub tias ua rau cov pob txha ua haujlwm tsis zoo tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qee qhov kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha uas tau txais los. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho mob thaum ntxov tuaj yeem pab txo koj cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho koj lub neej zoo.

Kuv yuav saib xyuas kuv tus kheej li cas? (Kev Saib Xyuas Tus Kheej)

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum ua yog saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho . Piv txwv li, tsis txhob siv cov khoom haus luam yeeb, txwv lossis tsum tsis txhob haus dej cawv. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia ntxiv:

• Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tsis tu ncua. Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha tuaj yeem yog ib qho mob uas yuav kav ntev mus ib txhis. Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau kev kho mob tas mus li. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tshiab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab kho txhua yam teeb meem tshiab.
• Noj zaub mov kom zoo. Koj cov tsos mob thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm koj txoj kev kho mob yuav ua rau koj nyuaj rau noj lossis tsis xav noj mov. Yog tias koj tsis paub tseeb tias koj puas tau txais cov khoom noj khoom haus uas koj xav tau, nrog tus kws noj zaub mov tham. Lawv tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia tsim nyog rau koj.
• Ua kom koj lub cev tawm dag zog. Yog koj muaj mob hnyav xws li pob txha tsis ua haujlwm zoo, koj yuav ua rau koj ntxhov siab. Kev tawm dag zog yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo kev ntxhov siab. Nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej pib ua ib txoj kev tawm dag zog tshiab.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus rau Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU) ?

Yog koj cov pob txha tsis ua haujlwm zoo, koj muaj feem yuav kis tau kab mob thiab los ntshav ntau dua. Koj yuav tsum mus rau chav kho mob ceev yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• Muaj qhov kub taub hau uas tsis poob qis txawm tias tom qab noj tshuaj tua kab mob tas li
• Hnov txias thiab tshee hnyo (Chills)
• Kev los ntshav uas tsis tuaj yeem nres

Kuv yuav tsum nug tus kws kho mob li cas?

Tej zaum koj cov pob txha tsis ua haujlwm vim muaj qee yam kab mob uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Tab sis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj laj thawj pom tseeb. Koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kws kho mob cov lus nug zoo li no:

• Koj puas paub vim li cas kuv thiaj muaj qhov teeb meem no?
• Kuv muaj cov kev kho mob twg?
• Kuv puas yuav tau kho mob mus ib txhis?
• Qhov no puas kho tau?

Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem pob txha tsis ua haujlwm, tej zaum koj twb muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj lawm, xws li kab mob uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces, kab mob ntshav, lossis mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov kev kuaj mob tshiab no yuav ua rau koj muaj ntau cov lus nug thiab kev txhawj xeeb tshiab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj ntxhov siab heev. Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj uas yuav ntxhov siab vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej muaj kev phom sij. Tham nrog koj pab neeg kho mob txog yam yuav tshwm sim thiab yam yuav ua tom ntej. Lawv yuav zoo siab teb koj cov lus nug.

Nco ntsoov ua ib qho kev xaus lus (Cov Lus Qhia Coj Mus Tsev)

Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha yog ib qho mob hnyav thiab nyuaj heev . Tab sis nco ntsoov, muaj ntau yam ua rau muaj, thiab muaj ntau yam kev kho mob sib txawv thiab cov tswv yim tswj hwm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom tau txais kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov, nrhiav kev kho mob los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb, thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawd.Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov no, tsis txhob ntshai tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Lawv yeej npaj siab pab koj.

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