Thaum koj pom tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub muaj mob qog noj ntshav, nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab thaum koj hnov cov lus 'chemo'. Lo lus 'chemo' tam sim ntawd ua rau pom cov duab ntawm ib tus neeg poob lawv cov plaub hau, poob phaus, thiab kev txom nyem. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb nkag siab meej tias chemotherapy yog dab tsi, cov tshuaj siv rau nws, thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau lub cev, qhov kev ntshai no tuaj yeem txo qis heev. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog nws hauv txoj kev phooj ywg.
Hauv cov lus yooj yim, chemotherapy yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog kev kho mob uas siv cov tshuaj muaj zog heev los kho mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua 'chemo' luv luv. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau mob qog noj ntshav.
Yuav kom nkag siab txog qhov no ua haujlwm li cas, peb yuav tsum paub me ntsis txog cov cell hauv peb lub cev. Peb lub cev muaj ntau txhiab lab cell. Cov cell noj qab haus huv faib thaum xav tau, tsim cov cell tshiab, thiab tuag thaum tsis xav tau lawv lawm. Qhov no hu ua lub voj voog cell. Tab sis cov cell mob qog noj ntshav tsis ua li ntawd. Lawv faib thiab loj hlob sai, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, tsim cov qog nqaij hlav.
Qhov kev kho mob chemotherapy ua yog rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav uas faib sai sai no thiab tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob faib ntxiv. Qhov ntawd yog, nws tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav.
Puas yog chemotherapy tsuas yog siv rau mob qog noj ntshav xwb?
Feem ntau, yog lawm. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau yog siv los kho mob qog noj ntshav. Cov kws kho mob qog noj ntshav pom zoo kom siv tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav nrog rau lwm yam kev kho mob xws li phais thiab kev kho mob hluav taws xob.
Tab sis qee zaum kev siv tshuaj kho mob kuj tseem siv rau lwm yam mob uas tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav.
- Cov Kab Mob Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob: Hauv cov kab mob no, peb lub cev cov qe ntshav dawb hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam peb cov nqaij mos noj qab haus huv. Kev kho mob chemotherapy tuaj yeem tswj cov qe ntshav dawb uas faib sai sai no thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj uas lawv ua rau lub cev.
- Kev Mob Ntshav: Hauv qee qhov kev mob ntshav, cov pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav tsis zoo. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev siv tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav yog siv los rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav tsis zoo no hauv cov pob txha thiab ua rau muaj cov qe ntshav tshiab noj qab haus huv ua ntej hloov cov qe ntshav tshiab.
Cov tshuaj chemotherapy thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas
Cov tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav tsis yog ib hom xwb. Lawv muaj ntau pawg tseem ceeb raws li lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab txoj kev uas lawv tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj twg lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws rau koj raws li hom mob qog noj ntshav uas koj muaj, nws kis mus deb npaum li cas (theem), thiab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
Qee zaum, es tsis txhob muab ib yam tshuaj xwb, muab ntau yam tshuaj ua ke. Qhov no hu ua kev kho mob qog noj ntshav ua ke. Kev muab cov tshuaj sib txawv ua ke ua rau kev kho mob zoo dua vim tias txhua yam tshuaj tawm tsam cov hlwb qog noj ntshav sib txawv.
Cia peb saib qee cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj chemotherapy.
| Pawg tshuaj | Nws ua haujlwm li cas | Piv txwv li niaj zaus |
|---|---|---|
| Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Alkylating | Lawv ua rau cov DNA ntawm cov hlwb mob qog noj ntshav puas tsuaj thiab tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob faib. Cov no yog thawj hom kev kho mob chemo uas tau tshawb pom. | Cov tshuaj Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev zom zaub mov | Nws tiv thaiv cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav kom tsis txhob ua cov khoom siv caj ces (DNA) uas xav tau los ua cov hlwb tshiab. Nws zoo li txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom siv los ua lub tsev tshiab. | 5-fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Gemcitabine |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Topoisomerase | Nws thaiv ib qho enzyme (topoisomerase) uas pab cov cell mob qog noj ntshav theej nws cov DNA. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov cell kom tsis txhob faib. | Etoposide, Irinotecan, Topotecan |
| Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Mitotic | Cov no yog cov tshuaj uas feem ntau tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cov hlwb qog noj ntshav (mitosis). | Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Vincristine |
| Cov Tshuaj Tua Kab Mob | Lawv txwv tsis pub DNA rov ua dua ntawm cov hlwb qog noj ntshav, tej zaum yuav ua rau DNA puas tsuaj. | Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin-C |
Cov tshuaj corticosteroids puas yog ib hom tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav?
Tsis yog. 'Corticosteroids' tsis yog tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg uas tab tom kho mob qog noj ntshav tau muab cov tshuaj no los tswj cov kev mob tshwm sim xws li ntuav thiab xeev siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov 'Corticosteroids' muaj peev xwm tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav. 'Dexamethasone' thiab 'Prednisolone' yog cov piv txwv ntawm qhov no.
Cov kev phiv uas txhua tus ntshai
Qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj tshaj plaws uas txhua tus muaj thaum tham txog kev kho mob chemotherapy yog cov kev mob tshwm sim. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev kho mob chemotherapy muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog tias cov tshuaj kho mob chemotherapy tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hlwb qog noj ntshav thiab cov hlwb noj qab nyob zoo. Cov tshuaj no tawm tsam txhua lub hlwb uas faib sai. Ntxiv rau cov hlwb qog noj ntshav, kuj tseem muaj cov hlwb noj qab nyob zoo hauv peb lub cev uas faib sai.
Piv txwv li:
- Cov hlwb hauv cov hauv paus plaub hau (yog vim li ntawd cov plaub hau thiaj loj hlob)
- Cov hlwb uas nyob sab hauv ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab caj pas (yog vim li cas qhov ncauj thiaj li mob)
- Cov hlwb hauv lub cev zom zaub mov (qhov ntawd yog qhov ua rau xeev siab, ntuav, thiab mob plab)
- Cov qe ntshav uas tsim cov qe ntshav hauv cov pob txha pob txha (yog vim li cas thiaj muaj ntshav tsis txaus thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob txo qis)
Cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov no yog:
- Qaug zog heev
- Xeev siab thiab ntuav
- Raws plab los yog cem quav
- Kev poob plaub hau
- Mob qhov ncauj
- Kev ntshaw noj mov
- Kev txo qis ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntshav tsis txaus thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob (neutropenia).
Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg yuav muaj tag nrho cov kev mob tshwm sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab lwm yam tshuaj rau koj los tswj ntau yam kev mob tshwm sim no thiab txo lawv cov teebmeem. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob tsum kev kho mob vim muaj kev mob tshwm sim. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog txhua yam kev tsis xis nyob uas koj xav tias.
Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm kho mob chemotherapy. Tshwj xeeb, tsis txhob xav tias qhov no yooj yim yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Kub taub hau heev (feem ntau siab tshaj 38°C / 100.4°F)
- ntuav lossis raws plab tsis tu ncua
- Ua pa nyuaj los yog mob hauv siab
- Kev los ntshav tas li los ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv lub cev
- Tsis muaj peev xwm noj mov lossis haus dej vim raug mob hnyav hauv qhov ncauj
Yog li ntawd, hu rau chav kho mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub tsev kho mob uas koj tab tom kho mob tam sim ntawd, lossis mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm lub tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws. Cov no tsis yog yam uas yuav tsum tos. Tej zaum koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum hloov qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj, hloov lub sijhawm kho mob, lossis muab lwm yam tshuaj rau koj rau cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog ib txoj kev kho mob muaj zog thiab zoo heev uas tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav. Tsis txhob ntshai nws yam tsis tsim nyog.
- Muaj ntau hom tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaiv txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus mob qog noj ntshav thiab koj tus mob.
- Tej zaum yuav muaj tej yam tsis zoo tshwm sim, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm lawv yeej tswj tau. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog tej yam tsis xis nyob uas koj hnov.
- Thaum lub sijhawm kho mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum noj koj cov tshuaj raws sijhawm thiab mus rau cov chaw kho mob.
- Koj tsis nyob ib leeg xwb. Koj tsev neeg, cov phooj ywg, thiab pab pawg kho mob yeej npaj siab pab koj. Tsis txhob yig thov kev pab los ntawm lawv.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus