Cia peb kawm txog qhov kev xeem FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) uas qhia txog cov lus zais ntawm koj cov noob caj noob ces!

Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog qhov 'FISH test' (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Test) no? Tej zaum koj tus kws kho mob tau hais kom koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub ua qhov kev xeem no. Txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, nws yog ib qho kev xeem tseem ceeb heev uas tuaj yeem ntes tau ntau yam hauv peb lub cev. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog qhov kev xeem FISH no yog dab tsi, nws ua dab tsi, thiab nws ua li cas hauv txoj kev yooj yim uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.

Qhov kev xeem FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) no yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, FISH yog kev kuaj noob caj noob ces. Cov kws kho mob pathologists, uas yog cov kws kho mob uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev kuaj mob , siv txoj kev no los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom me me hu ua chromosomes hauv peb lub cev. Qee zaum, qhov kev kuaj no kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv noob caj noob ces uas tuaj yeem kho tau rau cov kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav.

Xav txog nws li no: peb cov noob caj noob ces zoo li phau ntawv qhia rau peb lub cev. Phau ntawv qhia no qhia peb tias txhua yam hauv peb lub cev ua haujlwm li cas. Cov noob caj noob ces no nyob hauv cov qauv hu ua chromosomes, uas zoo li cov hlua. Yog li, yuav ua li cas yog tias qee cov lus hauv phau ntawv qhia no, peb cov DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) , raug rho tawm, lossis yog tias muaj ntau lo lus, lossis yog tias qee cov lus raug hloov pauv? Peb cov hlwb tau txais cov lus qhia tsis raug. Ua li no, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ploj (kev rho tawm), theej ntau dua li qhov tsim nyog (kev nthuav dav), lossis tsiv (kev hloov pauv). Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem hloov txoj kev uas peb lub cev ua haujlwm thiab ua rau muaj kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav.

Yog li, qhov kev xeem FISH no ua yog, nws zoo li siv cov cwj mem xim los "xim" cov feem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chromosomes lossis cov noob caj noob ces. Tom qab ntawd, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov feem uas lawv xav tau los kuaj mob los ntawm kev saib lawv hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Thaum koj saib cov xim no hauv qab lub tshuab microscope, nws zoo li lub teeb xim.

Qhov kev kuaj FISH tuaj yeem kuaj pom dab tsi?

Ces tej zaum koj yuav xav paub tias, qhov kev xeem FISH no nrhiav tau dab tsi tiag? Cov yam tseem ceeb yog:

• Txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv loj ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv cov mob qog noj ntshav. Siv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj mob hom mob qog noj ntshav thiab xaiv txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau nws.
• Xyuas seb puas muaj tej yam tsis zoo ntawm cov chromosomal ua ntej tus menyuam yug los (ua ntej yug menyuam) lossis tom qab yug los. Qhov no yuav pab nrhiav tau qee yam mob caj ces thaum ntxov.
• Kev siv tshuaj chiv menyuam hauv vitro (IVF) yog kuaj xyuas tus menyuam hauv plab seb puas muaj teeb meem chromosomal ua ntej muab tso rau hauv niam lub tsev menyuam (kev kuaj noob caj noob ces ua ntej muab yug).

Qhov kev sim FISH no ua haujlwm li cas?

Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib seb qhov zais me me no yog dab tsi txog qhov kev sim FISH no ua haujlwm li cas.

Kuv tau hais ua ntej lawm tias peb cov DNA zoo li ib phau ntawv qhia loj. Yog li qhov kev xeem FISH no zoo li qhia txog cov feem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm phau ntawv qhia ntawd nrog cov xim fluorescent tshwj xeeb. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsim cov "xim pleev xim," lossis "probe," no los ntawm kev muab cov ntawv fluorescent lo rau DNA nws tus kheej.

Peb cov DNA muaj ob txoj hlua uas sib haum ua ke, zoo li cov hniav ntawm lub zipper. Yam uas cov kws tshawb fawb ua yog, lawv xub cais ob txoj hlua no los ntawm kev siv lub probe uas lawv tau ua, thiab DNA hauv cov qauv uas lawv xav kuaj. Lawv ua lub probe no kom phim cov DNA uas lawv tab tom nrhiav, uas yog, kab lus tseeb uas lawv tab tom nrhiav hauv phau ntawv qhia.

Tom qab ntawd, lawv sib tov cov khoom kuaj uas tau npaj tseg no nrog cov qauv DNA uas tau los ntawm cov nqaij lossis cov kua dej hauv lub cev (qhov no hu ua lub hom phiaj). Tom qab ntawd, yog tias qhov kev kuaj ntawd mus thiab pom ib daim DNA uas muaj cov kab lus uas nws tab tom nrhiav, nws yuav lo rau nws (hybridize). Vim yog cov ntawv ci ntsa iab ntawd, daim DNA ntawd yuav ci ntsa iab hauv xim zoo nkauj. Thaum tus kws kho mob saib nws nrog lub tshuab tsom iav tshwj xeeb, cov chaw ci ntsa iab no yuav pom tseeb zoo nkauj. Tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem nkag siab seb cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb puas muaj thiab muaj pes tsawg ntawm nws muaj. Nws puas tsis zoo kawg?

Kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj FISH

Cov kws kho mob siv tau qhov kev xeem FISH no los xyuas cov cell rau kev hloov pauv gene uas paub tias ua rau muaj kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav. Qee zaum nws tuaj yeem pab lees paub lossis ua kom meej meej cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem karyotyping, uas yog kev xeem ntawm cov chromosomes . Nov yog qee qhov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb uas kev xeem FISH tuaj yeem pom:

• Kev Ua Kom Loj Dua: Qhov no yog thaum muaj ntau daim qauv ntawm ib lub noob caj noob ces dua li qhov xav tau. Nws zoo li ua daim qauv theej uas koj xav ua daim qauv theej. Cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem siv FISH los saib seb muaj pes tsawg daim qauv ntawm ib lub noob caj noob ces dua li qhov xav tau.
• Kev Hloov Chaw/kev hloov chaw: Qhov no yog thaum ib feem ntawm ib tug gene lossis chromosome raug tsiv mus rau lwm qhov chaw dua li qhov nws yuav tsum yog. Cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem siv ob lub probes xim los ntes qhov no. Hauv ib tug gene ib txwm, ob lub xim ntawm cov probes no yuav tsum tshwm sim ze ua ke. Tab sis yog tias qhov chaw tau hloov pauv, ob lub xim yuav tshwm sim deb sib nrug.
• Kev Tshem Tawm: Ib yam li kev hloov chaw, cov kws tshawb fawb siv ntau tshaj ib lub probe los nrhiav qhov chaw uas cov ntaub ntawv ploj lawm hauv DNA. Qee lub probes yuav lo rau DNA hauv cov qauv, tab sis lwm tus yuav tsis lo rau qhov chaw uas lawv yuav tsum tau. Thaum ntawd lawv paub tias qee cov ntaub ntawv tau ploj lawm (rho tawm) ntawm qhov chaw ntawd.

Cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom nrog kev kuaj FISH

Cov kws kho mob siv tau qhov kev xeem FISH los nrhiav cov kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tuaj yeem pab kuaj mob xws li:

• Lymphoma
• Kab mob leukemia mob myeloid, kab mob leukemia mob myeloid ntev, thiab lwm hom kab mob leukemia
• ntau yam mob myeloma
• Mob qog nqaij hlav
• Glioma (ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb)
• Mesothelioma (mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws)
• HER2 amplification (qhov no feem ntau pom muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub mis, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem pom muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab thiab ntsws)
• MET amplification (qhov no feem ntau pom hauv mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws, plab, thiab esophageal)
• MYCN amplification (hauv ib hom mob qog noj ntshav hu ua Neuroblastoma)
• Hauv cov mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws uas tsis yog cov qe me , kev hloov pauv/kev sib xyaw ntawm cov noob caj noob ces ALK, RET, thiab ROS1 tshwm sim. Cov noob caj noob ces ALK, RET, lossis ROS1 no tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog lwm cov noob caj noob ces los ua rau muaj mob qog nqaij hlav.

Kuv yuav npaj li cas rau qhov kev xeem FISH?

Koj npaj li cas rau kev kuaj FISH nyob ntawm seb hom qauv uas koj tus kws kho mob coj los ntawm koj.

• Rau kev kuaj mob ua ntej yug menyuam: Koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua qhov kev kuaj tshwj xeeb hu ua amniocentesis .
• Rau kev kuaj noob caj noob ces ua ntej yuav cog rau hauv lub cev (PGD lossis PGS): Yuav muab ib qho qauv me me ntawm cov qe menyuam los ntawm ntau lub qe menyuam mus kuaj. Feem ntau yuav ua li no ob peb hnub tom qab tso qe tawm.
• Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj kab mob los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm chromosomal lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces: Qhov no tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas tau los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim.
• Yuav kom paub txog mob qog noj ntshav lossis kev hloov pauv caj ces hauv cov qe ntshav qog noj ntshav (kev kuaj molecular): Koj yuav tsum tau kuaj ib qho biopsy (qog lossis pob txha biopsy) , uas yog ib qho qauv ntawm cov nqaij lossis pob txha.
• Txhawm rau kuaj mob lossis saib xyuas mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub zais zis: Qee zaum kev kuaj FISH raug ua rau ntawm cov zis kuaj .

Ntawm cov kev kuaj no, tsuas yog kev kuaj nqaij xwb feem ntau yuav tsum tau npaj tshwj xeeb. Vim tias feem ntau kev kuaj nqaij yog ua thaum siv tshuaj loog, koj yuav tsum ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas npaj.

Cov kws kho mob ua qhov kev xeem FISH no li cas?

Rau kev kuaj FISH, tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob hauv chaw kuaj mob ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:

1. Tsim cov khoom siv los ntsuas: Hauv qhov no, lawv xaiv cov DNA uas phim cov DNA uas lawv tab tom nrhiav. Tom qab ntawd, lawv txiav me me rau hauv DNA ntawd thiab ntxiv cov ntawv lo rau fluorescent.

2. Ua kom lub probe thiab lub hom phiaj puas tsuaj: Qhov no hais txog kev cais cov khoom sib txuas ob npaug ntawm lub probe thiab cov qauv DNA uas tab tom kuaj.

3. Kev Sib Xyaws: Thaum cov probes raug sib xyaw nrog cov qauv DNA uas tau los ntawm cov nqaij lossis cov kua dej ntawm lub cev, cov probes txuas rau cov kab lus DNA uas lawv tab tom nrhiav.

4.Tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig: Lawv siv lub tshuab tsom iav tshwj xeeb fluorescent los saib qhov twg cov ntawv lo ci ntsa iab hauv cov qauv.

Tus kws kho mob mam li qhia cov txiaj ntsig no rau koj tus kws kho mob .

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem FISH yog dab tsi?

Cov txiaj ntsig uas koj tau txais los ntawm kev kuaj FISH nyob ntawm hom kev kuaj uas koj muaj. Kev kuaj FISH zoo txhais tau tias muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov chromosomal lossis cov noob caj noob ces hauv cov cell hauv cov qauv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog seb cov txiaj ntsig yuav zoo li cas thiab lawv txhais li cas.

Yog tias qhov kev kuaj FISH zoo, yuav ua li cas?

Yog tias koj qhov kev kuaj FISH pom tias muaj tus kab mob no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav piav qhia txog nws lub ntsiab lus thiab koj cov kev xaiv yog dab tsi. Yog tias qhov kev kuaj ntawd tau ua los nrhiav kev hloov pauv caj ces hauv mob qog noj ntshav, tej zaum yuav muaj kev kho mob uas tsom mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb ntawd. Yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob yam tsis ntshai.

Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem FISH?

Nws yuav siv sijhawm li ib mus rau plaub lub lis piam kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj FISH. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia rau koj thaum twg yuav tsum tau tos cov txiaj ntsig thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj paub.

Kuv yuav tsum hu rau kuv tus kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog koj muaj lus nug txog qhov kev kuaj lossis cov txiaj ntsig koj tau txais, tsis txhob yig nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Lawv yuav piav qhia txhua yam rau koj.

Thaum kawg, cov lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws

Kev tos cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj noob caj ces tuaj yeem ua rau ntshai, ntxhov siab, thiab qee zaum txawm tias me ntsis ntxhov siab. Tej zaum koj yuav tos ib lo lus teb. Qhov kev xeem FISH no yog ib qho thev naus laus zis uas pab koj nrhiav cov lus teb ntawd, zoo li "highlighter" uas nrhiav thiab xim cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau .

Tej zaum cov lus teb uas koj tau txais yuav tsis yog yam koj xav tau, tab sis lawv yuav pab koj nkag siab txog koj qhov teeb meem thiab koj cov kev xaiv yog dab tsi. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, koj thiab koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim txoj kev npaj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txav mus tom ntej.

Nco ntsoov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nug koj tus kws kho mob kom meej meej txog txhua yam uas koj xav txog qhov kev xeem, vim li cas nws thiaj ua tiav, thiab cov txiaj ntsig txhais li cas.

Kev kuaj FISH , kev kuaj noob caj noob ces, chromosomes, DNA, mob qog noj ntshav, kev hloov pauv noob caj noob ces, kev kuaj ua ntej yug menyuam