Koj puas paub txog cov no uas tiv thaiv koj? (Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej - PPE) Cia peb nrhiav seb puas muaj tseeb!

Xav txog tias thaum koj mus rau tsev kho mob lossis chaw kho mob, koj yuav tsum tau pom tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais maum hnav hnab looj tes thiab tej zaum yuav muaj lub ntsej muag, puas yog? Qhov ntawd yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej , lossis PPE (Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej) yog rau. Cov no tsis yog tsuas yog cov khaub ncaws lossis zam xwb. Cov no zoo li peb cov ntaub thaiv uas tiv thaiv koj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob uas kho koj ntawm ntau yam kev phom sij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob. Yog li, kev paub txog cov hom PPE no yog dab tsi thiab yuav siv lawv li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau koj, koj tsev neeg, thiab txhua tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig koj.

PPE yog dab tsi? Vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb ua luaj?

Hais yooj yim xwb, PPE yog ib daim khaub ncaws lossis khoom siv uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj ntawm ntau yam kev puas tsuaj. PPE yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob. Vim tias nws tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov neeg muab kev pabcuam kho mob xwb, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv koj cov neeg uas tau txais kev pabcuam kho mob.

Xav txog nws li no. Ua ntej kho koj, tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais maum tau muab tshuaj rau lwm tus qhov txhab. Ces lawv yuav tsis tuaj rau koj hnav cov hnab looj tes siv lawm, puas yog? Lawv yuav tshem cov hnab looj tes qub, ntxuav lossis "tshuaj tua kab mob" lawv txhais tes, thiab tom qab ntawd kho koj nrog ib khub hnab looj tes tshiab, huv. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm PPE. Nws tiv thaiv koj ob leeg.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj qee hom PPE uas 'haum' rau tus neeg siv lawv, lossis uas xav tau kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb los siv. Tam sim no cia peb saib seb hom PPE twg siv rau hauv kev kho mob no.

Cov hom PPE siv hauv kev kho mob

Muaj ntau hom PPE siv feem ntau hauv kev kho mob:

• Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag thiab kev ua pa
• Cov hnab looj tes
• Khaub ncaws uas npog thiab tiv thaiv lub cev

Cia peb tham txog txhua yam no kom meej.

1. Cov khoom siv uas tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag thiab lub cev ua pa

Pawg no feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Cov ntaub npog ntsej muag: Cov no yog cov ntaub npog ntsej muag yooj yim tshaj plaws uas npog lub qhov ntswg thiab qhov ncauj. Cov no yog cov ntaub npog ntsej muag uas siv thaum muaj mob, xws li mob khaub thuas lossis thaum kws kho mob tab tom kuaj xyuas koj tsis tu ncua. Txawm hais tias lawv yuav zoo li "cov ntaub npog ntsej muag phais", lawv tsis zoo ib yam li qub.
• Cov ntaub npog qhov ncauj phais: Cov no zoo ib yam li cov ntaub npog qhov ncauj, tab sis muaj ntau qhov tuab thiab qib lim sib txawv. Lawv yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv nruj dua li cov ntaub npog qhov ncauj ib txwm muaj (piv txwv li, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA) teeb tsa cov qauv no. Cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv peb lub tebchaws kuj teeb tsa cov cai rau qhov no).
• Kev tiv thaiv qhov muag: Cov ntaub thaiv ntsej muag thiab cov tsom iav tiv thaiv lub qhov muag muab kev tiv thaiv lub cev rau lub qhov muag.
• Cov tshuab ua pa tshwj xeeb (Cov tshuab ua pa lim dej - FFRs):Cov no muaj ntau hom thiab qib kev lim dej sib txawv. Piv txwv li, lub ntsej muag N95, lossis lub tshuab ua pa uas siv roj teeb (PAPRs). Cov no yuav tsum haum zoo rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, ua kom lub qhov ntswg thiab qhov ncauj kaw ruaj. Qee qhov muaj cov ntaub thaiv qhov muag sib xyaw ua ke.

2. Cov hnab looj tes

Tsis yog txhua lub hnab looj tes siv hauv kev kho mob zoo ib yam. Muaj ntau hom sib txawv, txij li cov hnab looj tes kuaj mob yooj yim siv rau kev kuaj mob niaj hnub mus rau cov hnab looj tes phais mob uas tsis muaj kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hnab looj tes tuab dua siv thaum kov cov tshuaj lossis tshuaj lom neeg kuj suav nrog hauv pawg no.

3. Khaub ncaws uas npog thiab tiv thaiv lub cev

Qhov no suav nrog txhua yam los ntawm cov ntaub so tes uas cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tu mob hnav mus rau lwm cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb. Nov yog qee cov ntaub npog tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws:

• Cov phuam qhwv caj dab: Cov no tuaj yeem siv pov tseg lossis siv dua, thiab muaj cov phuam qhwv caj dab ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom sib txawv kom haum rau ntau lub sijhawm sib txawv.
• Cov Khaub Ncaws Hnav: Muaj ntau hom khaub ncaws hnav sib txawv, xws li 'cov khaub ncaws phais' thiab 'cov khaub ncaws tsis phais'. Cov no feem ntau siv hauv tsev kho mob thiab chaw kho mob.
• Cov Khaub Ncaws Npog: Cov no muab kev npog thiab kev tiv thaiv ntau dua li lub tsho apron lossis lub tsho loj. Lawv tau tsim los npog tag nrho lub cev.
• Cov ntaub npog ko taw: Muaj ntau hom, los ntawm cov ntaub npog khau pov tseg mus rau cov khau uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kua lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg.
• Cov ntaub npog taub hau: Qee cov khoom siv PPE yog tsim los npog tag nrho lub taub hau ua lub kaus mom loj. Cov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub taub hau ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kua dej hauv lub cev.

Cov hom kev ceev faj PPE yog dab tsi?

Tam sim no cia peb tham txog thaum twg thiab hom PPE twg yuav tsum siv. Cov kws tshaj lij teeb tsa cov hom PPE no raws li tus kab mob kis tau li cas (kev ceev faj raws li kev sib kis) . Ntawd yog, hom PPE xav tau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kab mob tshwj xeeb kis li cas.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum siv hnab looj tes ua tus qauv rau txhua theem ntawm kev ceev faj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv lub ntsej muag thiab lub ntsej muag phais yog ib qho uas siv ntau, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

Muaj plaub hom kev ceev faj tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua, nyob ntawm seb tus kab mob kis li cas:

• Bloodborne
• Kev sib kis los ntawm kev sib cuag
• Kev sib kis los ntawm cov tee dej ua pa (Droplet)
• Kev sib kis hauv huab cua

Cia peb saib cov no ib qho zuj zus.

1. Kev ceev faj txog kev kis tus kab mob los ntawm cov ntshav

Cov no siv dav hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej kho mob. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yeej siv hnab looj tes. Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis lwm yam khoom siv kuj tseem siv tau nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Piv txwv li:

• Lub Npog Ncauj
• Cov ntaub thaiv qhov muag thiab lub ntsej muag
• Cov ntaub npog lub cev (xws li cov ntaub apron, cov tsho loj)
• Cov khoom siv uas xav tau rau kev tuav thiab pov tseg cov khoom ntse (xws li koob) kom muaj kev nyab xeeb

2. Kev ceev faj txog kev sib cuag rau cov kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag

Cov kev ceev faj no yog siv los tiv thaiv cov kab mob uas kis tau ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus lossis los ntawm kev kov ib yam khoom lossis nto. Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej (PPE) txheem rau qhov no yog hnab looj tes thiab cov khaub ncaws pov tseg . Piv txwv li, yog tias tus kws kho mob xav tau siv cov khoom siv ib txwm xws li lub stethoscope, lawv yuav siv "ib zaug siv pov tseg" ib qho.

Qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag:

• Cov kab mob Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) uas tiv taus Methicillin
• Cov kab mob plab hnyuv, xws li Norovirus lossis Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
• Lwm yam kev raug mob lossis kev kis kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov kua dej hauv lub cev thaum kho tus neeg mob zoo li no, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv ntxiv.

3. Kev ceev faj txog cov tee dej rau cov kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm cov tee dej ua pa

Cov kev ceev faj no yog siv los tiv thaiv cov kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm cov tee dej me me ('droplets') uas tawm hauv peb lub qhov ncauj thiab qhov ntswg thaum peb hnoos, txham, ua pa, thiab tham. Piv txwv li, cov kev ceev faj no yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov kab mob kis xws li 'Influenza' thiab 'COVID-19'. Cov PPE siv rau qhov no yog:

• Cov ntaub thaiv ntsej muag thiab qhov muag xws li cov ntaub npog qhov ncauj phais, cov ntaub thaiv ntsej muag, lossis cov tsom iav
• Cov ntaub npog lub cev xws li cov tsho loj, cov ntaub apron, thiab cov khaub ncaws sib xws
• Cov ntaub npog ko taw, xws li khau looj plab hlaub lossis khau npog

4. Kev ceev faj thaum ya saum huab cua

Qhov no yog qhov kev ceev faj nruj tshaj plaws . Nws yog siv los tiv thaiv cov kab mob uas tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv huab cua lossis ntawm cov chaw rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov PPE xav tau rau qhov no yog:

• Cov tshuab ua pa tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li 'FFRs (xws li N95)'
• Cov ntaub thaiv qhov muag thiab lub ntsej muag
• Cov ntaub npog lub cev xws li cov ntaub apron, cov khaub ncaws sib xws, lossis cov tsho hnav ib zaug xwb
• Cov ntaub npog ko taw, xws li khau looj plab hlaub lossis khau npog

Piv txwv ntawm cov kab mob hauv huab cua:

• Cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob bacteria, xws li 'Tuberculosis' lossis 'Anthrax'
• Kab mob qhua pias, uas yog los ntawm cov kab mob virus, lossis qee hom kab mob herpes zoster (shingles) uas sib kis tau yooj yim heev (lwm yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov neeg uas tau muaj kab mob qhua pias)

Cov hom PPE uas tsis yog siv kho mob yog dab tsi?

Txawm tias dhau ntawm qhov chaw kho mob, kev siv PPE tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev raug mob hnyav lossis kev mob nkeeg. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm PPE uas tsis yog kho mob:

• Kev tiv thaiv kev ua pa: Siv los lim cov khoom me me uas tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm xws li kev ua haujlwm ntoo, kev khawb av, thiab kev khawb av. Lawv kuj tseem siv los tiv thaiv cov pa phem los ntawm cov xim thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg.
• Tiv thaiv cov khoom ntawm lub cev kom tsis txhob raug xwm txheej: cov kaus mom hlau, cov khau looj hlau uas muaj zog los tiv thaiv ko taw ntawm cov khoom hnyav, thiab lwm yam.
• Kev tiv thaiv pob ntseg: Siv cov ntsaws pob ntseg lossis lwm yam khoom siv los tiv thaiv koj pob ntseg ntawm cov suab nrov.
• Kev tiv thaiv qhov muag: Tej yam xws li cov tsom iav tiv thaiv (uas tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab ntawm daim tawv muag) uas cov neeg vuam siv, thiab cov tsom iav lossis cov ntaub thaiv uas tiv taus kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv qhov muag ntawm cov khib nyiab ya.
• Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj: Tej yam xws li cov ntaub thaiv plaub hau thiab hnab looj tes tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob uas kis los ntawm zaub mov.

Muaj qee hom PPE uas tshwj xeeb rau ib qho kev phom sij tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li:

• Cov khaub ncaws tiv taus kub thiab cov khoom siv tua hluav taws uas cov neeg tua hluav taws hnav.
• Cov hnab looj tes roj hmab siv los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
• Cov khaub ncaws Ripstop yog siv los tiv thaiv cov tshuab uas txav mus sai xws li cov chainsaws.
• Cov khaub ncaws thiab cov khoom siv uas tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej muaj tshuaj lom.
• Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tub rog, piv txwv li 'MOPP (Mission-Oriented Protective Posture) iav'.

Muaj ntau hom PPE uas tsis yog siv rau kev kho mob, nyob ntawm seb txoj haujlwm lossis kev ua ub ua no zoo li cas. Yog tias koj xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov koom haum tsoomfwv hauv koj cheeb tsam lossis lub tebchaws.

Thaum kawg, tej yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej (PPE) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom koj muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj qab haus huv. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm lub neej txhua hnub rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv qee lub lag luam, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas PPE tuaj yeem pab txhua tus.

Thaum koj lossis ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg tau txais kev kho mob, tsis txhob yig nug kom paub ntau ntxiv txog kev tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob. Kev nkag siab txog PPE thiab kev ceev faj tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv loj rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog. Tsis txhob ntshai nug koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob txhua lo lus nug uas koj muaj. Koj txoj kev nyab xeeb yog lawv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab!

Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej, PPE, daim npog qhov ncauj kho mob, daim npog qhov ncauj, hnab looj tes, kev sib kis kab mob, kev tswj kev kis kab mob, khaub ncaws tiv thaiv, kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv