Koj tus me nyuam puas feem ntau mob khaub thuas thiab ntswg txhaws? Los yog koj niam koj txiv laus puas hnoos thiab ua pa nyuaj? Cov mob no qee zaum tuaj yeem yog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob loj xws li mob ntsws. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, muaj ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev los tiv thaiv peb cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai no. Ntawd yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog txhua yam txog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no.
Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Pneumococcal yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov no zoo li daim ntaub thaiv uas raug txhaj rau hauv peb lub cev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cov kab mob no yog yam peb hu ua 'pneumococcus' luv.
Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob ua pa hnyav (ua pa nyuaj) thiab lwm yam teeb meem loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Qhov no yog yam uas peb siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no los tiv thaiv.
Muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal uas siv tam sim no. Lawv hu ua 'conjugate vaccines'. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tau tsim los txhawb kom peb lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob (kev tiv thaiv kab mob). Cov hom tseem ceeb yog:
- PCV13
- PCV15
- PCV20
- PCV21
Cov lej hauv cov npe no qhia txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob pneumococcus uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tswj tau.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qub dua hu ua 'PPSV23'. Feem ntau muab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog tshaj 2 xyoos, cov neeg uas muaj tej yam kab mob ntev, thiab cov neeg laus uas twb tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv PCV15 lawm.
Cov kab mob pneumococcal ua rau muaj yog dab tsi?
Thaum cov kab mob pneumococcus nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob txaus ntshai. Qee tus neeg yuav muaj cov kab mob no hauv lawv lub caj pas yam tsis muaj tsos mob. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov neeg ntawd tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm tus los ntawm cov tee dej me me uas tso tawm thaum lawv ua pa, hnoos, lossis txham.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov kab mob loj xws li:
| Kab mob | Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim |
|---|---|
| Kab mob Bacterial Meningitis | Kev kis kab mob rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig lub hlwb thiab cov hlab ntsha caj qaum. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj xws li tsis nco qab, tsis nco qab, tuag, dig muag, lossis tuag tes tuag taw. |
| Mob ntsws o | Kev kis kab mob rau lub ntsws. Qhov no ua rau hnoos, kub taub hau, thiab ua pa nyuaj. |
| Kab mob pob ntseg nruab nrab (Otitis Media) | Cov tsos mob muaj xws li mob pob ntseg, o, pw tsis tsaug zog, kub taub hau, thiab, rau cov menyuam yaus, quaj ntau zaus. |
| Kab mob Bacteremia | Ib qho mob txaus ntshai uas cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab kis mus thoob plaws lub cev. |
| Kab mob Sinus | Cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog cov qhov ntswg ntawm lub ntsej muag (sinus). |
Xav txog seb, ua ntej muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no, muaj cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos coob tus tau tuag vim mob ntsws thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Tab sis tom qab muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no xyoo 2000, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tau txo qis heev.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no puas muaj kev nyab xeeb tiag? Puas muaj tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo?
Yog, yeej muaj tseeb. Ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv PCV thiab PPSV puav leej muaj kev nyab xeeb heev . Ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj, muaj feem me me ntawm kev ua xua, tab sis qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob hnyav lossis kev tuag yog tsawg heev.
Cov no yog cov kev mob tshwm sim me me uas feem ntau pom:
- Rau cov menyuam yaus (tom qab txhaj tshuaj PCV):
- Liab, mob me ntsis, lossis o ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.
- Kub taub hau me ntsis (kwv yees li ib tug ntawm peb tus menyuam).
- Kub taub hau me ntsis (kwv yees li ib tug ntawm 50 tus menyuam).
- Qee zaum tsis xav noj mov, quaj ntau zaus, lossis tsaug zog.
- Rau cov neeg laus (tom qab txhaj tshuaj PPSV):
- Liab los yog mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj (kwv yees li 1 ntawm 2 tus neeg).
- Tsawg dua 1% muaj tej yam xws li kub taub hau lossis mob nqaij.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim no tsis loj heev thiab ploj mus tag hauv ob peb hnub.
Leej twg yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no? Thaum twg?
Tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no puas pom zoo rau leej twg thiab yuav tsum muab rau lub sijhawm twg.
Rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus me
Nws raug pom zoo kom txhua tus menyuam mos uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos tau txais 4 koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, raws li qhov kev txiav txim no:
- Koob tshuaj thawj zaug: Thaum 2 lub hlis
- Koob tshuaj thib ob: Thaum muaj 4 lub hlis
- Koob tshuaj thib peb: Thaum muaj 6 lub hlis
- Koob tshuaj ntxiv: Nruab nrab ntawm 12-15 lub hlis
Yog tias muaj qee yam ua rau tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum lub sijhawm no, tus kws kho mob yuav muab sijhawm teem tseg raws li tus menyuam hnub nyoog.
Rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2-18 xyoo
Cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum lawv tseem yog menyuam yaus lossis cov uas muaj mob tshwj xeeb, xws li mob raum ntev, kuj tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb hom tshuaj twg thiab lub sijhawm twg zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no.
Rau cov neeg laus
Txhua tus neeg laus noj qab haus huv uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo tuaj yeem tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv ib txoj hauv kev hauv qab no:
- Ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv PCV15 thiab ib xyoos tom qab, ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv PPSV23.
- Ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv PCV20.
- Ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv PCV21.
Rau cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb
Cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog 18-49 xyoo, tab sis muaj mob (piv txwv li ntshav qab zib, kab mob plawv, kab mob ntsws, mob qog noj ntshav, HIV/AIDS) lossis kev kho mob (piv txwv li tshuaj steroids, chemotherapy) uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, kuj tuaj yeem tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib yam li cov neeg laus saum toj no.
Tej zaum koj yuav xav tias, 'Kuv muaj 50 xyoo tam sim no, kuv noj qab nyob zoo, yog li kuv puas xav tau qhov no?' Qhov tseeb, yog. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov neeg laus hnub nyoog ntawm 50 thiab 64 xyoo muaj qhov kev pheej hmoo thib ob siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev mob no.
Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, lossis muaj mob ntev xws li ntshav qab zib, kab mob plawv, lossis mob hawb pob, nws yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb zoo los tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no. Vim tias tus nqi tuag ntawm cov neeg laus vim yog tus kab mob no siab heev.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tiv thaiv tau cov kab mob txaus ntshai xws li mob ntsws thiab mob hlwb.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no raug pom zoo tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog ntawm 2 lub hlis thiab 2 xyoos thiab rau txhua tus neeg laus hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj mob ntev xws li ntshav qab zib, kab mob plawv, kab mob ntsws, kab mob raum, lossis mob qog noj ntshav kom tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no.
- Feem ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog me me heev thiab ploj mus hauv ib lossis ob hnub.
- Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no, nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg tham.
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