Koj tus menyuam puas nyob ntsiag to hauv qee qhov xwm txheej? Tej zaum nws yog Selective Mutism - Cia peb tham txog nws! | Nirogi Lanka

Nyob hauv tsev, koj tus me nyuam yuav muaj zog heev—tham lus tsis tu ncua, luag, thiab ua si nrov nrov. Txawm li cas los xij, puas zoo li lawv poob lawv lub suab thaum lawv mus kawm ntawv, mus xyuas cov txheeb ze, lossis mus koom ib tog? Puas yog lawv zam kev hais lus tag nrho, tej zaum tsuas yog luag taub hau thaum raug nug ib lo lus nug xwb? Txawm hais tias koj yuav tsis quav ntsej qhov no vim yog kev txaj muag, kev tawv ncauj, lossis tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, nws yuav yog ib yam tseem ceeb dua. Ntawm Nirogi Lanka , peb xav kom koj paub tias qhov no yuav yog ib qho mob hlwb uas muaj kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab heev. Hnub no, cia peb tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb ntawm 'Selective Mutism.'

Selective Mutism yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, Selective Mutism yog ib qho mob uas koj pom koj tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem hais lus hauv qee qhov xwm txheej hauv zej zog uas koj xav tias tsis xis nyob lossis ntxhov siab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov no tsis yog kev xaiv lossis kev ua tsis mloog lus . Hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb, paub zoo li koj lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem sib txuas lus zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov chaw zoo li tsev kawm ntawv lossis thaum nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws, koj yuav xav tias koj lub suab ploj mus tag.

Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txaj muag xwb; nws yog ib qho kev ntxhov siab uas paub zoo. Feem ntau nws tshwm sim thaum yau, feem ntau yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos, thiab feem ntau pom thaum koj pib kawm preschool lossis kindergarten. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam loj dua thiab cov neeg laus.

Txawm hais tias qee cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias nws feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov poj niam, qhov no yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv zej zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj, cuam tshuam tsawg dua 1% ntawm cov pej xeem. Ntawm Nirogi Lanka, peb nyob ntawm no los txhawb koj los ntawm cov teeb meem no.

Cov cim qhia ntawm Selective Mutism yog dab tsi?

Raws li lub npe qhia, qhov xwm txheej "xaiv tau" txhais tau tias koj yuav pom tias nws yooj yim rau kev tham hauv qee qhov chaw tab sis pom tias nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom hais lus thaum kev ntxhov siab tswj hwm lwm tus. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim txawv ntawm txhua tus; qee qhov yuav tsis hais lus kiag li hauv qee qhov chaw, thaum lwm tus yuav hais lus tsawg.

Tsis muaj peev xwm hais lus tag nrho lossis yuav luag tag nrho

Hauv cov xwm txheej no, koj yuav tsis hais lus lossis pom koj tus kheej lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim suab, feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm:

• Ib qho kev xav tias 'khov'. Qhov no yog ib qho kev teb ntawm lub cev rau kev ntxhov siab heev, tsis yog kev tsis kam tham.
• Lub cev nqaij tawv nruj. Tej zaum koj yuav tseem nruj nruj, zoo li tus mos lwj uas hnav lub teeb pem hauv ntej.
• Ib qho kev qhia tawm dawb paug thaum koj nyob hauv ib qho chaw ntxhov siab.
• Tsis txhob kov qhov muag.
• Kev tsis sib raug zoo. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj nyob hauv chav kawm thiab tus xib fwb nug ib lo lus nug, koj yuav saib hauv qab lossis saib deb kom tsis txhob sib tham.
• Tsis muaj peev xwm qhia tau qhov xav tau yooj yim. Tej zaum koj yuav tsis thov siv chav dej, txawm tias yog thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los xij.
• Ua txuj ua li los yog zoo li ntxhov siab ua ib txoj hauv kev los daws qhov kev nyuaj siab kom hais lus.

Kev sib txuas lus tsis yog lus

• Siv cov suab zoo li lub suab quaj lossis cov lus piav tes es tsis txhob siv cov lus.
• Xaiv sau cov lus lossis taw tes rau cov khoom kom tsis txhob hais lus.
• Siv cov lus cev, xws li co taub hau, co taub hau, lossis taw tes.

Kev hais lus txwv lossis txwv tsis pub hais lus

• Siv sijhawm ntev heev los teb.
• Siv tsuas yog ib lossis ob lo lus teb lossis kab lus luv luv thiab yooj yim xwb.
• Hais lus qis qis, hais lus tsis meej, lossis siv lub suab mos mos heev.
• Hais lus nrog lub suab lossis lub suab hloov pauv, xws li lub suab neeg hlau, txawv ntawm koj lub suab hais lus ib txwm muaj.

Vim li cas thiaj muaj Selective Mutism?

Txawm hais tias qhov ua rau muaj qhov no tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav, cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias muaj ntau yam ua rau nws loj hlob:

Cov Kev Mob Hlwb Uas Cuam Tshuam

Feem ntau cov mob Selective Mutism tshwm sim ua ke nrog lwm yam mob, xws li:

• Kev Ntxhov Siab Txog Kev Sib Raug Zoo: Muaj ntau heev, nrog rau 75% txog 100% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj Selective Mutism qhia cov cim qhia txog kev ntxhov siab txog kev sib raug zoo.
• Phobias: Kev ntshai heev, tsis muaj laj thawj rau tej yam tshwj xeeb.
• Lwm yam kev ntxhov siab.
• Kev puas siab puas ntsws Autism Spectrum.
• Kev Ntxhov Siab Txog Kev Sib Cais: Kev ntshai heev ntawm kev nyob deb ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas.
• Kev Nyuaj Siab Tom Qab Muaj Kev Raug Mob (PTSD).

Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Genes thiab Keeb Kwm Tsev Neeg

Kev ntxhov siab feem ntau khiav hauv tsev neeg. Yog tias ib tug txheeb ze ze muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev ntxhov siab lossis kev nyuaj siab zoo sib xws, koj yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua.

Kev Hais Lus thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus Nyuaj

Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrog kev hais lus (piv txwv li, Kev Mob Hnov ​​​​lus tsis zoo) lossis kev kawm qeeb, qhov kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj Selective Mutism. Ib yam li ntawd, kev hais lus tsis tau zoo lossis kev tsis xis nyob nrog lub suab ntawm koj tus kheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tus mob no.

Cov Yam Ntxim Saib Hauv Zej Zog thiab Ib puag ncig

Qee qhov xwm txheej hauv lub neej tuaj yeem ua rau qhov mob no hnyav dua lossis ua rau muaj:

• Raug kev thab plaub.
• Cov xwm txheej raug mob lossis kev tsim txom.
• Tsev neeg tsis ruaj khov lossis ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
• Tsiv mus rau ib qho chaw tshiab uas hais lus txawv.

Muaj teeb meem dab tsi tshwm sim los ntawm Selective Mutism?

Yog tias tsis kho, qhov mob no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj lub neej txhua hnub thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob, thov sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob ntawm Nirogi Lanka lossis hu rau 911 thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

• Muaj teeb meem hauv zej zog, kev kho siab, lossis kev xav tias koj nyob ib leeg.
• Kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam mob lossis cov tsos mob ntsig txog kev ntxhov siab.
• Tej yam tsis zoo rau kev kawm ntawv lossis kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm.

Yuav kuaj mob li cas?

Feem ntau, tus kws kho mob hlwb xws li kws kho mob hlwb lossis kws kho mob hlwb yuav txheeb xyuas tus mob no. Cov kws kho mob hais lus kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob los ntawm kev txiav txim siab seb puas muaj lwm yam teeb meem kev sib txuas lus.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav soj ntsuam qhov mob no los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov tsos mob thiab tus cwj pwm. Lawv yuav nug koj—lossis koj tus menyuam—cov lus nug txog cov kev paub no thiab txhua yam uas yuav ua rau lawv.

Cov kws kho mob feem ntau siv cov lus nug tshwj xeeb thiab cov npe teev kev kho mob los paub meej tias muaj mob. Raws li American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision™) , kev kuaj mob ntawm kev xaiv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo yuav tsum ua tau raws li tsib yam hauv qab no:

1. Tsis tu ncua tsis hais lus hauv tej xwm txheej hauv zej zog uas xav kom hais lus, txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm hais lus hauv lwm yam xwm txheej.

2. Qhov ntsiag to cuam tshuam rau koj txoj kev sib raug zoo, kev kawm, lossis kev ua haujlwm.

3. Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm hais lus tau kav ntev tshaj ib hlis.

4. Qhov uas tsis hais lus tsis yog vim tsis paub lossis tsis xis nyob nrog cov lus hais uas yuav tsum tau hais hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd.

5. Qhov teeb meem no tsis yog piav qhia zoo dua los ntawm kev hais lus tsis meej lossis lwm yam kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo, thiab tsis yog tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum muaj tus kab mob autism spectrum, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, lossis lwm yam kev puas siab puas ntsws xwb.

Puas muaj kev kho mob? Puas kho tau?

Yog koj kho tau zoo, koj yuav txo tau qhov mob hnyav thiab qhov zaus ntawm cov tsos mob. Thaum koj paub thiab kho thaum ntxov, qee tus neeg yuav pom tias lawv cov tsos mob ploj mus tag.

Cov kev kho mob feem ntau muaj xws li:

Kev Kho Mob Hlwb

Kev kho mob hlwb—tshwj xeeb yog Kev Kho Mob Kev Xav (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - CBT) —feem ntau yog thawj kab kev kho mob thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev. CBT pab koj nkag siab txog kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab ua rau koj muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm, thaum muab cov cuab yeej los tswj cov cwj pwm cuam tshuam.

Thaum kho cov menyuam yaus, kev koom tes nrog cov niam txiv thiab cov neeg saib xyuas yog qhov tseem ceeb. Koj txoj kev txhawb nqa thiab kev koom tes yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej ntawm kev kho mob ntawm Nirogi Lanka.

Kev Kho Mob Hais Lus

Qhov no suav nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus uas muaj ntawv tso cai. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv xaiv tau nrog nrog lwm yam teeb meem hais lus lossis lus.

Cov tshuaj

Yog tias kev kho mob ib leeg tsis txaus, cov tshuaj yuav raug muab tso rau hauv koj txoj kev npaj kho mob.

Cov tshuaj uas feem ntau siv rau kev kho mob selective mutism yog Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Txawm hais tias cov no feem ntau yog cov tshuaj antidepressants, lawv zoo heev rau kev tswj cov mob uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab xws li selective mutism. Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tham txog cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau koj lossis koj tus menyuam thiab piav qhia txog tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo.

Yog tias kuv lossis kuv tus menyuam muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm (selective mutism) ne?

Rau cov menyuam yaus, qhov mob no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev kawm ntawv, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev tsim kev phooj ywg. Nws yog ib qho uas cov menyuam yaus feem ntau tsis hais lus txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb.

Rau cov neeg laus, qhov cuam tshuam mus sij hawm ntev yuav nyuaj, vim nws yuav cuam tshuam koj lub peev xwm los tsim kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog, kev hlub, lossis kev ua haujlwm, thiab cuam tshuam rau koj qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm lossis tsev kawm qib siab.

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus neeg uas muaj kev zoo dua qub thaum lawv loj hlob tuaj, qee tus yuav tseem muaj cov tsos mob lossis muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv, xws li kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog. Kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev pab thaum ntxov ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Nrog kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, feem ntau cov neeg tuaj yeem kawm tswj hwm tus mob kom zoo kom nws tsis txhob cuam tshuam lawv lub neej.

Yog tias tsis kho, qhov tshwm sim mus sij hawm ntev yuav loj heev. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej ceev uas ua rau tuag taus, nws yog ib qho mob uas tsim nyog tau kev kho mob los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

Puas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev xaiv neeg ua phem?

Tu siab kawg li, tsis muaj ib txoj kev twg uas paub los tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm (selective mutism). Vim tias tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav qhov ua rau muaj qhov no, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm no.

Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj pab tau kuv tus menyuam uas muaj kev xaiv tsis mloog lus?

Txawm koj txhawb koj tus menyuam los xij, nws yog ib qho uas koj yuav chim siab thaum koj tus menyuam nyob ntsiag to hauv zej zog. Qhov kev chim siab no yuav loj zuj zus thaum koj pom koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem lossis ntxhov siab thaum raug yuam kom hais lus.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias Selective Mutism yog ib qho mob hlwb. Nws tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem tswj tau. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yeej tuaj yeem tswj tau koj txoj kev teb rau koj tus menyuam tus mob thiab lawv cov tsos mob.

Nov yog qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov:

• Pab koj tus menyuam kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xis nyob. Tsis txhob yuam lossis maj nrawm rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas lawv yuav ntshai lossis ntxhov siab. Tsis txhob tham txog lawv tej kev nyuaj siab rau ntawm lawv xub ntiag, vim qhov no yuav ua rau txaj muag thiab ntxhov siab ntxiv.
• Txo qhov kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab, ces ua tej yam me me maj mam. Pib los ntawm kev txhawb kom muaj kev sib txuas lus uas koj tus menyuam xis nyob. Maj mam pab kom lawv paub siv rau hauv zej zog ua ntej txhawb kom lawv hais lus.
• Ua siab ntev thiab muab sijhawm rau koj tus menyuam hais lus. Yog tias koj hais lus sawv cev rau lawv, koj tus menyuam yuav xav tias lawv ua qee yam tsis raug. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj dua rau lawv kov yeej lawv qhov kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab txog kev hais lus. Qhia lawv tias nws zoo heev rau siv sijhawm xav ua ntej teb.
• Lees paub lawv tej kev siv zog. Yog koj tus menyuam hais lus, qhuas lawv rau qhov ntawd. Muab nqi zog rau lawv tej kev siv zog—txawm tias tsuas yog hais lus lees paub xwb los tau. Pab lawv xav tias lawv tej kev sib txuas lus tau ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim zoo.
• Tsis txhob siv kev rau txim ua lub hom phiaj. Yog tias ib tug me nyuam ntshai raug rau txim vim tsis hais lus, nws feem ntau tuaj yeem ua rau qhov mob hnyav dua, vim nws ua rau lawv ntshai thiab ntxhov siab ntxiv.

Dab tsi ua rau muaj Selective Mutism?

Cov "ua rau" muaj tus mob Selective Mutism yog cov xwm txheej lossis cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas ua rau ib tus neeg uas muaj tus mob no feem ntau yuav nyob ntsiag to. Piv txwv li:

• Lwm tus sawv ze dhau lossis cuam tshuam rau lawv qhov chaw tus kheej.
• Lwm tus hais lus nrov nrov lossis ua yeeb yam nruj.
• Cov neeg tsis paub lossis ntsib cov neeg tshiab.
• Cov cwj pwm ntawm lwm tus neeg, xws li cov neeg uas siab heev lossis muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj.
• Cov lus cev lossis tus cwj pwm ntawm lwm tus, xws li cov neeg uas zoo li ntxhov siab, lossis cov neeg uas muab cov lus qhia tsis zoo lossis tsis zoo.
• Ib puag ncig muaj neeg coob lossis muaj suab nrov.
• Cov chaw uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev nco txog tu siab lossis tsis zoo.
• Ib puag ncig tshiab uas lawv tsis tau mus xyuas dua li.
• Cov xwm txheej tshiab kiag li lossis cov xwm txheej uas tus menyuam tau muaj kev paub tsis zoo yav dhau los.

Cov no tsuas yog qee yam uas feem ntau pom. Tej tus neeg yuav muaj tej yam tshwj xeeb uas ua rau muaj teeb meem, thiab tej no yuav hloov pauv raws sijhawm. Ntawm Nirogi Lanka, peb nkag siab tias txhua tus menyuam yog tus tshwj xeeb.

Puas yog Selective Mutism yog ib hom Autism?

Tsis yog, Selective Mutism thiab Autism Spectrum Disorder yog ob yam mob sib cais. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tib neeg uas muaj autism yuav muaj feem ntau dua los ntawm kev mob Selective Mutism.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Kab mob Selective Mutism yog ib yam mob uas ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem hais lus hauv qee qhov xwm txheej vim ntshai thiab ntxhov siab. Txawm hais tias nws feem ntau pib thaum yau, nws kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob no tsis yog cov neeg tawv ncauj lossis txhob txwm tawm tsam. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas lawv tuaj yeem tswj tau lawv tus kheej.

Yog koj xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj tus kab mob Selective Mutism, thov mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob menyuam lossis tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog. Muaj cov kev kho mob zoo, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua thaum pib kho ntxov. Nrog koj txoj kev txhawb nqa thiab kev txhawb nqa, koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem kawm hais lus rau lawv tus kheej yam tsis pub kev ntshai lossis kev ntxhov siab ua rau lawv lub suab ntsiag to. Yog tias koj ntsib xwm txheej ceev, thov hu rau 911 lossis koj cov kev pabcuam xwm txheej ceev hauv zos tam sim ntawd.

Cov Lus Tseem Ceeb: Kev Xaiv Tus Kheej, tsis hais lus, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb ntawm menyuam yaus, kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog, kev ntxhov siab hais lus, tus cwj pwm ntawm menyuam yaus, Nirogi Lanka