Puas muaj tej qhov chaw uas koj tus menyuam hais tsis tau lus? Nws hu ua Selective Mutism - cia peb tham txog nws!

Koj tus me nyuam yaus hais lus ntau heev hauv tsev, nyeem ntawv tsis tu ncua, thiab hais lus nrov nrov txawm tias thaum ua si. Tab sis thaum lawv mus kawm ntawv, mus rau tsev neeg txheeb ze, lossis mus rau cov tog neeg, puas yog lawv lub qhov ncauj zoo li ntsiag to tag? Puas yog lawv tsuas yog luag taub hau thiab tsis hais lus thaum ib tug neeg nug lawv ib yam dab tsi? Tej zaum koj yuav xav tias qhov no yog kev txaj muag, lossis kev tawv ncauj, lossis tsuas yog me ntsis ntawm kev hais lus tsis meej. Tab sis nws yuav yog ib yam dab tsi tob dua, ib qho mob hlwb uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab . Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog qhov mob no hu ua 'Selective Mutism.'

Selective Mutism yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, Selective Mutism yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm hais lus hauv qee qhov xwm txheej hauv zej zog, hauv qhov chaw uas koj xav tias tsis xis nyob lossis ntshai. Qhov no tsis yog lub hom phiaj . Hauv qhov chaw uas koj xav tias koj paub thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb, zoo li nyob hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem hais lus yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis hauv qhov chaw xws li tsev kawm ntawv lossis hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cov neeg txawv teb chaws, koj lub suab zoo li tsis meej.

Qhov no txawv ntawm ib tug neeg uas tsuas yog txaj muag xwb. Kev xaiv tsis mloog lus yog ib qho kev ntxhov siab. Nws feem ntau pib thaum yau, nyob ib puag ncig hnub nyoog 5 xyoos. Nws feem ntau pom los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv qib ib. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg hluas thiab cov neeg laus.

Cov mob no lawv hais tias feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov ntxhais dua li cov tub hluas. Tab sis qhov ntawd tej zaum yog vim muaj kev xav ntawm zej zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj. Nws cuam tshuam tsawg dua ib tus neeg ntawm 100 tus neeg.

Cov tsos mob ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj kev xaiv tsis mloog lus yog dab tsi?

Lo lus "xaiv" hauv lub npe qhia tias qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv qee qhov xwm txheej xwb . Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem hais lus yam tsis muaj teeb meem hauv cov xwm txheej uas koj xis nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov xwm txheej uas koj xav tias tsis xis nyob lossis ntshai, nws nyuaj heev, yog tias tsis yog ua tsis tau, hais lus.

Cov tsos mob no yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg. Muaj ib txhia neeg hais lus tsis tau li, thaum lwm tus hais lus tsawg heev.

Ib qho xwm txheej uas tsis tuaj yeem hais lus lossis nyob ze rau nws

Qhov no suav nrog kev tsis txhob tham ntau li ntau tau, lossis tsum tsis txhob tham kiag li. Nws yuav zoo li no:

• Koj xav tias koj hais tsis tau lus. Qhov no tshwm sim vim koj lub siab tawv vim ntshai thiab ntxhov siab ntau dhau. Txawm hais tias nws zoo li koj tsis xav tham los xij, qhov no tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas koj txhob txwm ua, nws tsuas yog tshwm sim xwb.
• Nws lub cev nruj nreem thiab nws zoo li nws raug pob zeb ntaus. Zoo li ib tug mos lwj raug ntes hauv lub teeb thiab ntshai heev.
• Muaj ib qho kev qhia tawm dawb paug ntawm lub ntsej muag .
• Tsis txhob kov qhov muag.
• Tsis koom nrog lossis tsis koom nrog kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog . Xav txog, thaum tus xib fwb nug ib yam dab tsi hauv chav kawm, tus menyuam no ntsia hauv pem teb thaum lwm tus menyuam teb.
• Lawv tsis thov tej yam uas lawv xav tau. Piv txwv li, lawv mus rau chav dej hauv tsev kawm ntawv yam tsis tau nug tus xib fwb, thiab tej zaum yuav thov tej yam hauv lawv cov khaub ncaws.Kuj tseem muaj tej lub sijhawm uas koj yuav tsum tau tso zis .
• Ua tus cwj pwm tsis zoo kom tsis txhob tham lus (piv txwv li, tawm tsam, quaj).

Kev sib txuas lus tsis yog lus

• Hloov chaw ntawm cov lus , lawv siv cov suab uas txhua tus nkag siab, xws li "Uu huun" (yog) thiab "Ah ah" (tsis yog).
• Yuav kom tsis txhob tham lus , lawv sau tej yam cia thiab ua tej yam xws li qhia koj ib yam dab tsi hauv phau ntawv .
• Siv cov tes taw thiab cov kev qhia ntsej muag es tsis txhob siv cov lus (piv txwv li, luag taub hau, taw tes).

Hais lus me me los yog txwv

• Yog lub sijhawm los teb.
• Lawv teb ua ib lossis ob lo lus lossis siv kab lus luv luv heev.
• Lawv hais lus tsis meej, hais lus tsis sib haum, lossis hais lus qeeb heev thiab ua suab ntsiag to.
• Hais lus nrog lub suab hloov pauv (piv txwv li, zoo li neeg hlau, lossis los ntawm kev hloov lub suab ntawm lawv lub suab ib txwm).

Vim li cas qhov kev xaiv tsis sib haum xeeb no thiaj tshwm sim?

Cov kws tshaj lij tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho qhov ua rau qhov no, tab sis lawv xav tias muaj ntau yam ua rau muaj qhov teeb meem no.

Lwm yam mob hlwb

Kev xaiv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo (selective mutism) muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam mob hlwb. Tsis yog tsuas yog cov no xwb, tab sis cov neeg uas muaj cov mob no feem ntau yuav muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo no.

• Kev Ntxhov Siab Txog Kev Sib Raug Zoo: Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias ntawm 75% thiab 100% ntawm cov neeg muaj ob qho tib si.
• Phobias: Kev ntshai ntau yam dhau.
• Lwm yam kev ntxhov siab.
• Kev puas siab puas ntsws Autism Spectrum.
• Kev Ntshai Sib Cais: Kev ntshai heev ntawm kev raug sib cais ntawm niam txiv.
• Kev Nyuaj Siab Tom Qab Muaj Kev Poob Siab (PTSD): Kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub hlwb uas tshwm sim tom qab muaj kev xwm txheej raug mob hnyav.

Keeb kwm tsev neeg lossis kev cuam tshuam ntawm caj ces

Kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv tsev neeg. Ib tug neeg uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm (selective mutism) yuav muaj ib tug txheeb ze ze (niam txiv, kwv tij neej tsa, menyuam) uas muaj tus mob no lossis lwm yam kev ntxhov siab.

Lwm yam teeb meem hais lus

Tej tus menyuam yuav muaj tus cwj pwm xaiv tsis hais lus vim lawv ntshai hais lus lossis nyuaj nkag siab lwm tus hais li cas (piv txwv li, kev hnov ​​lus tsis zoo , kev kawm qeeb).

Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hais lus tsis meej, xws li kev hais lus tsis tau zoo . Qee tus menyuam yaus yuav muaj kev xaiv tsis hais lus vim lawv tsis nyiam lawv lub suab lossis ntshai lawv lub suab thaum lawv hais lus.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm zej zog

Qee yam hauv zej zog kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov menyuam yaus muaj kev xaiv tsis mloog lus.

• Raug lwm tus ua phem rau.
• Cov xwm txheej hnyav heev lossis kev tsim txom.
• Teeb meem hauv tsev neeg (piv txwv li, kev tsim txom lub siab, kev hais lus, lossis kev tsim txom lub cev hauv tsev).
• Tsiv mus rau ib lub tebchaws lossis ib cheeb tsam uas hais lwm hom lus tseem ceeb.

Tej yam teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev xaiv tus kheej mutism yog dab tsi?

Qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau koj lub neej hauv ntau txoj kev.

• Kev tsis xis nyob hauv zej zog, kev kho siab, lossis kev nyob ib leeg.
• Kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam mob lossis cov tsos mob ntsig txog kev ntxhov siab.
• Kev cuam tshuam rau cov haujlwm kev kawm lossis kev ua haujlwm .

Koj kuaj qhov no li cas?

Feem ntau tus kws kho mob hlwb yuav kuaj pom tias muaj tus mob Selective Mutism, xws li tus kws kho mob hlwb lossis tus kws kho kev hais lus. Cov kws kho mob hais lus lossis cov kws kho kev hais lus kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab tshem tawm lwm yam mob thiab kuaj mob.

Tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj mob no los ntawm kev saib cov tsos mob thiab tus cwj pwm. Lawv yuav nug koj (lossis koj tus menyuam) cov lus nug txog cov kev paub no thiab lwm yam uas yuav ua rau muaj qhov no.

Feem ntau, koj tus kws kho mob yuav siv cov lus nug thiab cov npe teev npe los txiav txim siab seb koj puas muaj tus mob. Raws li American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition text revision™) , kom raug kuaj pom tias muaj tus mob selective mutism, koj yuav tsum ua tau raws li tsib yam no:

1. Tsis txhob hais lus thaum muaj kev sib tham uas yuav tsum tau hais lus, tiam sis tsis muaj teeb meem hais lus rau lwm lub sijhawm.

2. Tsis hais lus cuam tshuam rau kev sib raug zoo, kev kawm, lossis kev ua haujlwm .

3. Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm hais lus kav ntev tshaj ib hlis.

4. Tsis hais lus tsis yog vim koj hais tsis tau lossis nkag siab cov lus tseem ceeb uas lwm tus siv.

5. Qhov teeb meem hais lus tsis yog los ntawm lwm yam teeb meem hais lus, xws li hais lus tsis meej . Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog autism spectrum disorder , schizophrenia spectrum disorders, lossis lwm yam mob puas siab puas ntsws xwb.

Puas muaj kev kho mob? Puas kho tau tag nrho?

Yog kho mob, qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob thiab qhov zaus uas lawv tshwm sim tuaj yeem txo qis. Yog tias paub thiab kho thaum ntxov, qee tus neeg yuav pom tias cov tsos mob ploj mus tag.

Cov kev kho mob feem ntau yog:

Kev kho mob hlwb

Kev kho mob hlwb (tshwj xeeb yog Kev Kho Mob Hlwb lossis CBT)) feem ntau yog thawj txoj kev kho mob uas siv. Nws kuj yog qhov uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Kev kho tus cwj pwm pab koj nkag siab thiab daws qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab lwm yam kev xav uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm. Nws kuj pab koj tswj cov cwj pwm cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem nrog tus mob.

Thaum kho cov menyuam yaus nrog txoj kev kho mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum kom cov neeg saib xyuas lawv (niam txiv, tus saib xyuas) koom nrog. Lawv txoj kev txhawb nqa yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua tiav ntawm txoj kev kho mob.

Kev Kho Mob Hais Lus

Kev kho mob hais lus yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau tshwj xeeb thaum muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm nrog rau kev hais lus tsis zoo.

Cov tshuaj

Yog tias kev kho mob hlwb lossis kev kho mob tham xwb tsis ua haujlwm, tshuaj kuj tseem siv tau ua ib feem ntawm kev kho mob.

Cov tshuaj uas siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev xaiv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo yog SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) . Txawm hais tias cov no feem ntau yog siv los kho kev nyuaj siab, lawv kuj tuaj yeem pab nrog kev ntxhov siab xws li kev xaiv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Lwm cov tshuaj kuj tseem yuav pab tau. Koj tus kws kho mob (lossis koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob) tuaj yeem qhia koj ntxiv txog cov no thiab pab koj xaiv qhov yog rau koj.

Zoo dua nug koj tus kws kho mob txog cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj.

Yog tias kuv lossis kuv tus menyuam muaj tus cwj pwm xaiv tsis mloog lus, yuav ua li cas?

Yog ib tug me nyuam muaj tus mob no, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev kawm ntawv, txoj kev uas lawv sib tham nrog cov phooj ywg, thiab lawv lub peev xwm los ua phooj ywg. Qee zaum, cov me nyuam yuav raug ntxias kom nyob ntsiag to, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb heev.

Yog koj muaj tus mob xaiv tsis mloog lus thaum koj laus lawm, nws tseem yuav muaj tej yam tsis zoo tshwm sim. Nws ua rau nyuaj rau koj ua phooj ywg thiab tsim kev sib raug zoo (kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog, kev ua haujlwm, kev hlub). Nws kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau koj txoj kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Rau ntau tus neeg, cov tsos mob zoo li ploj mus thaum lawv laus zuj zus. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum cov tsos mob tseem nyob thiab tuaj yeem zoo li lwm yam kev ntxhov siab (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog).

Yog tias pom thiab kho thaum ntxov, cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Yog tias pom thiab kho thaum ntxov, feem ntau cov neeg tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov mob no lossis daws nws thiab nyob nrog nws. Ces nws yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau lawv lub neej.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsis paub thiab tsis kho, qhov tshwm sim yuav tsis zoo. Qhov no tsis yog ib qho mob txaus ntshai, tab sis cov teebmeem tsis zoo tuaj yeem loj heev.

Puas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev xaiv neeg ua phem?

Tu siab kawg li, kev xaiv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau. Cov kws tshaj lij tsis nkag siab tag nrho tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj ua rau muaj qhov no, yog li ntawd tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm nws tshwm sim.

Kuv yuav pab kuv tus menyuam li cas yog tias nws muaj tus mob selective mutism?

Tej zaum koj yuav chim siab thaum koj tus menyuam tsis hais lus hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, thaum koj hais tias "tham, tham" tab sis nws tsis hais lus. Qhov kev chim siab no tuaj yeem loj dua thaum koj tus menyuam nyuaj siab tsis hais lus, xws li quaj.

Tiam sis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias kev xaiv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo yog ib qho mob hlwb. Nws tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem tswj tau. Tiam sis, koj tuaj yeem tswj tau koj tus menyuam tus mob thiab koj teb li cas rau lawv cov tsos mob.

Nov yog qee yam tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem nco ntsoov:

• Ua kom koj tus menyuam xis nyob thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Tsis txhob thawb lossis maj nroos mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv yuav ntshai lossis ntxhov siab. Nws kuj tsis yog lub tswv yim zoo los tham txog qhov teeb meem no rau ntawm lawv xub ntiag, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau lawv txaj muag thiab ntshai ntxiv.
• Txo qhov kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab, thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus. Pib los ntawm kev txhawb kom koj tus menyuam qhia lawv tus kheej rau hauv txoj kev uas lawv xis nyob. Ua ntej, maj mam qhia lawv txog kev sib raug zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd pab lawv tham.
• Ua siab ntev thiab muab sijhawm rau koj tus menyuam tham. Yog koj hais lus rau lawv, lawv yuav xav tias lawv ua yuam kev. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws nyuaj rau lawv kov yeej lawv qhov kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab txog kev hais lus. Pab lawv nkag siab tias nws yog qhov zoo uas xav ua ntej lawv teb, thiab siv sijhawm.
• Qhuas nws tej kev siv zog. Yog koj tus menyuam hais lus, qhuas nws rau qhov ntawd. Muab khoom plig rau nws (siv cov lus) rau qhov nws tau ua. Ua rau nws zoo siab txog qhov nws hais lus.
• Tsis txhob sim ua kom lawv txhawb nqa los ntawm kev rau txim rau lawv. Cov menyuam uas ntshai raug rau txim yog tias lawv tsis tham lus yuav pom tias nyuaj rau tham vim lawv yuav ntshai dua.

Tej yam dab tsi ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev xaiv tsa?

Cov teeb meem uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm (selective mutism) yog cov xwm txheej lossis cov laj thawj uas ua rau ib tus neeg uas muaj tus mob no feem ntau yuav tsis hais lus. Qee qhov piv txwv feem ntau yog:

• Zoo li lwm tus neeg nyob ze heev, zoo li lawv nkag mus rau hauv lawv tus kheej ciam teb .
• Lwm tus hais lus nrov nrov thiab coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo.
• Cov neeg txawv teb chaws, cov neeg tshiab.
• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lwm tus, piv txwv li , cov neeg uas siab heev thiab muaj lub ntsej muag loj.
• Cov tes taw lossis tus cwj pwm ntawm lwm tus, piv txwv li, cov neeg uas zoo li ntxhov siab, tsis zoo, lossis ua tes taw tsis zoo .
• Cov chaw uas muaj neeg coob dua thiab muaj suab nrov dua.
• Cov chaw uas muaj kev nco txog kev tu siab, tsis zoo.
• Cov chaw uas kuv tsis tau mus dua li.
• Tshiab kiag li, lossis cov xwm txheej uas tus menyuam tau muaj kev paub tsis zoo yav dhau los.

Cov no tsuas yog ob peb yam uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau tshaj plaws xwb. Tej tus neeg yuav muaj tej yam uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab txawv dua li cov no. Tej yam uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab kuj tseem hloov pauv tau raws sijhawm.

Puas yog kev xaiv tus mob mutism yog ib hom mob autism?

Tsis yog, Selective Mutism thiab Autism Spectrum Disorder yog ob yam mob sib cais. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas muaj autism feem ntau yuav muaj selective mutism.

Thaum kawg, tej yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Kev xaiv tsis hais lus yog ib yam mob uas ib tug me nyuam tsis tuaj yeem hais lus vim ntshai lossis ntxhov siab. Feem ntau nws pib thaum nws tseem hluas, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov menyuam uas muaj tus mob no tsis yog neeg tawv ncauj lossis tsis teb. Nws kuj tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas lawv tuaj yeem tswj tau lawv tus kheej.

Yog koj xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj tus mob selective mutism, nrog lawv tus kws kho mob lossis lwm tus kws kho mob tham. Muaj kev kho mob, thiab kev kho mob sai dua, qhov tshwm sim zoo dua. Nrog koj txoj kev txhawb nqa thiab kev txhawb nqa, koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem kawm hais lus rau lawv tus kheej yam tsis poob lawv lub suab rau kev ntshai lossis kev ntxhov siab.

Kev xaiv tsis hais lus, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb ntawm cov menyuam yaus, kev ntxhov siab, kev ntshai hauv zej zog, kev hais lus tsis meej, tus cwj pwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus