Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj uas koj yuav ntshai thiab txhawj me ntsis thaum koj pom lo lus 'SIL' lossis 'Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion' ntawm daim ntawv qhia tom qab kuaj Pap. Tej yam zoo li "Qhov no yog dab tsi? Kuv puas muaj mob qog noj ntshav?" tej zaum yuav los rau hauv siab tam sim ntawd. Tab sis tsis txhob ntshai. Ua pa tob tob thiab nyob twj ywm. SIL tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav. Tab sis nws yog ib yam dab tsi uas peb yuav tsum paub txog. Yog li, hnub no peb yuav tham yooj yim txog SIL yog dab tsi, vim li cas nws tshwm sim, thiab yuav ua li cas txog nws.
Hais yooj yim xwb, SIL no yog dab tsi?
SIL, lossis Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion , yog ib qho mob uas cov hlwb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev daim tawv nqaij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlwb hauv cov daim nyias nyias uas npog qee yam kabmob, loj hlob txawv me ntsis, tsis xwm yeem dua li qub. Lo lus "intraepithelial" nws tus kheej txhais tau tias qhov kev hloov pauv no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txheej saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij/daim nyias nyias, thiab tsis mus tob dua.
Xav txog peb daim tawv nqaij zoo li phab ntsa cib uas tau teeb tsa zoo nkauj. Hauv SIL, nws zoo li kab sab saum toj ntawm cov cib hauv phab ntsa cib no tau raug rub tawm thiab muaj cov duab sib txawv. Phab ntsa tseem muaj zog, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv txheej sab saud.
Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb no tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev. Cov uas feem ntau yog:
- Cervix
- Qhov chaw mos
- Thaj chaw sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw mos (Vulva)
- Qhov quav
- qau
- Tom qab koj lub caj pas
Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias SIL tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav . Tab sis peb hu nws ua precancer . Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias yog tias peb tsis kho thiab tsis ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cell no ntev, muaj feem yuav hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav yav tom ntej. Yog vim li ntawd nws thiaj li tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kuaj pom nws thaum ntxov.
Muaj ob hom SILs tseem ceeb:
Cov kws kho mob saib cov cell uas tau hloov pauv no hauv qab lub tshuab microscope thiab faib SIL ua ob hom tseem ceeb, nyob ntawm seb cov cell txawv ntawm cov cell ib txwm li cas.
| Hom SIL | Piav qhia yooj yim |
|---|---|
| SIL qib qis (LSIL) (Mob dysplasia me me) | Qhov no yog ib qho kev hloov me me hauv cov hlwb. Nws zoo li cov nroj tsuag uas loj hlob hauv lub vaj. Feem ntau ntawm cov no tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias lawv yuav zoo dua ntawm lawv tus kheej yam tsis tas yuav kho mob. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lawv hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav yog qis heev. |
| SIL qib siab (HSIL) (Kev mob qog nqaij hlav nruab nrab/mob hnyav) | Muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb thiab pom tseeb hauv cov cell no. Hauv tib qho piv txwv los ntawm lub vaj, cov no loj dua me ntsis, zoo li cov nroj tsuag uas tau cog hauv paus thiab tawg paj. Lawv tsis tshua zoo dua ntawm lawv tus kheej . Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav yav tom ntej, koj feem ntau yuav tsum ua qee yam kev kho mob . |
Dab tsi yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho SIL?
Qhov ua rau muaj SIL yog tus kab mob Human Papillomavirus , lossis HPV , uas yog ib qho kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev (STI). HPV yog tus ua rau muaj li ntawm 90% ntawm cov neeg mob SIL.
Thaum tus kab mob HPV nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, nws cuam tshuam rau qee cov cell, ua rau lawv faib sai dua thiab txawv ntawm ib txwm. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj SIL.
Tab sis ntawm no yog qhov teeb meem: Muaj ntau tshaj 100 hom HPV.
- Qee hom (piv txwv li HPV 6, 11) yog cov hom uas tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau. Cov no yuav ua rau muaj tej yam xws li mob qog nqaij hlav thiab mob LSIL.
- Qee hom kab mob (piv txwv li HPV 16, 18) raug suav hais tias yog hom "muaj kev pheej hmoo siab". Cov hom kab mob no muaj feem yuav ua rau muaj HSIL thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
Feem ntau, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tawm tsam tus kab mob HPV thiab tshem nws tawm ntawm lub cev hauv ob peb lub hlis lossis ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos. Tab sis qee zaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hom kev pheej hmoo siab, lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv lub cev thiab maj mam ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb hauv ntau xyoo, ua rau SIL.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob no yog dab tsi?
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm no yog tias yuav luag tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb rau SIL . Muaj ntau tus neeg pom tias lawv muaj tus mob no los ntawm kev kuaj Pap smear lossis kev kuaj mob poj niam ua rau lwm qhov laj thawj.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum cov tsos mob hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim. Yog tias koj pom cov no, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob.
Hais txog thaj chaw ntawm lub cev:
- Cov kua tawm los yog los ntshav ntawm qhov chaw mos txawv txawv (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sab nraum lub hli lossis tom qab kev sib deev)
- Cov tsos ntawm cov pob lossis cov pob khaus ntawm qhov chaw mos
- Ib qho kev xav kub hnyiab lossis khaus
- Ib qho mob
- Qhov liab ntawm thaj chaw
Yog tias SIL tshwm sim hauv qab caj pas:
- Mob pob ntseg
- Lub suab nrov nrov
- Mob thaum nqos ib yam dab tsi
- Mob caj pas ntev
- Cov qog hauv caj dab o
Qhov no yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb rau tus poj niam kom kuaj Pap smear tsis tu ncua , txawm tias nws tsis muaj tsos mob los xij.
Leej twg muaj feem yuav mob SIL ntau dua?
Txawm hais tias leej twg uas muaj tus kab mob HPV tuaj yeem mob SIL, qee tus neeg muaj feem yuav mob ntau dua me ntsis.
- Cov neeg uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog: Cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob HIV, cov neeg tau txais kev hloov pauv lub cev, lossis cov neeg uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog los ntawm lwm yam mob muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj dua los tawm tsam tus kab mob HPV.
- Cov Neeg Haus Luam Yeeb: Cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov luam yeeb ua rau peb cov hlwb puas tsuaj thiab ua rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, ua rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb nyuaj dua los tswj tus kab mob HPV.
- Kev coj cwj pwm tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb: Muaj ntau tus khub sib deev thiab tsis siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv xws li hnab looj tes ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob HPV ntau ntxiv.
Tus kws kho mob kuaj mob SIL li cas?
Muaj ntau yam kev kuaj mob los kuaj mob SIL.
1. Kev kuaj Pap Smear: Qhov no yog qhov kev kuaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv. Hauv qhov kev kuaj no, ib qho qauv me me ntawm cov hlwb raug coj los ntawm lub qhov ncauj tsev menyuam thiab kuaj hauv qab lub tshuab microscope kom pom tias puas muaj qhov tsis zoo. Kev kuaj Pap smear ntawm qhov quav kuj tseem siv tau los ntes SIL hauv qhov quav.
2. Kev kuaj mob Colposcopy: Yog tias koj daim ntawv qhia txog Pap smear qhia txog SIL, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kom kuaj qhov no. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv lub lens tshwj xeeb hu ua colposcope los saib lub qhov ncauj tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos. Yog tias muaj dab tsi txawv txawv, nws tuaj yeem pom tseeb.
3. Kev kuaj nqaij hauv lub cev: Yog tias tus kws kho mob pom ib qho chaw uas muaj kev txawv txav thaum lub sijhawm kuaj colposcopy, yuav muab ib daim nqaij me me tshem tawm thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj mob kom kuaj. Qhov no hu ua kev kuaj nqaij hauv lub cev. Qhov no yog qhov txiav txim siab seb nws puas yog SIL, LSIL, HSIL, lossis lwm yam mob hnyav dua.
Lo lus 'Tsis zoo rau qhov mob squamous intraepithelial lesion' txhais li cas?
Yog tias koj daim ntawv qhia Pap smear hais tias "(NILM - Tsis zoo rau Intraepithelial Lesion lossis Malignancy)"`, qhov ntawd yog xov xwm zoo. Nws txhais tau tias tsis muaj qhov txawv txav lossis cov cim ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav ua ntej pom hauv koj cov hlwb ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Tab sis txawm tias qhov tshwm sim no zoo, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob raws sijhawm.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev kuaj Pap smear tas mus li.
Cov kev kho mob rau SIL yog dab tsi?
Txoj kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb koj puas muaj LSIL lossis HSIL, qhov chaw nws nyob, thiab koj lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
- Rau LSIL: Feem ntau cov mob LSIL, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj niam hluas, yuav ploj mus lawv tus kheej yam tsis tau kev kho mob. Yog li ntawd, koj tus kws kho mob feem ntau yuav ua raws li txoj kev "tos ntsoov". Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias yuav tsum tau kuaj Pap smear txhua 6 lub hlis txog ib xyoos kom pom tias cov cell hloov pauv puas zuj zus lossis zoo dua.
- Rau HSIL: HSIL feem ntau yuav tsum tau kev kho mob vim nws muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua li LSIL. Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv kho mob:
| Txoj kev kho mob | Yuav ua li cas |
|---|---|
| Kev kho mob sab nraud | Muaj tej lub sij hawm, yuav muab tshuaj pleev rau thaj chaw uas muaj cov hlwb txawv txav nyob. Cov tshuaj no tua cov hlwb txawv txav lossis ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm zoo. |
| Kev kho mob txias | Ib yam khoom txias heev, xws li cov kua nitrogen, yog siv los khov thiab rhuav tshem cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj cov hlwb txawv txav. |
| Kev kho mob laser | Ib lub teeb laser muaj zog heev raug taw qhia kom hlawv thiab tshem tawm cov nqaij mos tsis zoo. |
| Kev phais mob txiav tawm | Qhov no yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws. LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) lossis Cone Biopsy rau HSIL ntawm lub qhov ncauj tsev menyuamNrog cov txheej txheem zoo li no, tsuas yog qhov uas muaj cov cell txawv txav thiaj li raug txiav tawm ua lub khob hliav qab thiab tshem tawm. |
Yog koj muaj HSIL, muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav npaum li cas?
Qhov no yog ib qho kev ntshai loj rau ntau tus neeg. Tsuas yog vim daim ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias HSIL tsis tau txhais hais tias koj muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Nws tsuas yog txhais tau tias muaj qee cov cell uas yuav hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb, yog tias tsis kho, cov neeg mob HSIL tsuas muaj 2% feem pua ntawm kev hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem hais tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas rau qhov ntawd. Nws yuav yog 10 xyoo, nws yuav yog 10 lub hlis.
Yog vim li ntawd peb thiaj tsis pheej hmoo dab tsi, thiab thaum twg peb paub tseeb tias muaj HSIL, peb tshem tawm cov hlwb txawv txav ntawd nrog kev kho mob uas tus kws kho mob pom zoo. Los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, peb yuav luag tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav.
Puas tiv thaiv tau SIL?
Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv SIL yog kom tsis txhob muaj kev kis tus kab mob HPV, uas yog nws qhov ua rau muaj kab mob no.
1. Tau Txais Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv HPV: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV tiv thaiv 90% ntawm cov hom HPV tseem ceeb uas ua rau mob qog noj ntshav thiab SIL. Tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv no thaum muaj hnub nyoog zoo (feem ntau yog rau cov ntxhais thiab cov tub hluas hnub nyoog ntawm 9-14) tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo yav tom ntej. Yog tias koj hnub nyoog tshaj qhov ntawd, nug koj tus kws kho mob seb tshuaj tiv thaiv no puas tsim nyog rau koj hnub nyoog.
2. Kev sib deev muaj kev nyab xeeb: Siv cov hnab looj tes kom raug txhua zaus koj sib deev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj ntawm cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev, suav nrog HPV.
3. Txwv cov neeg koom tes sib deev: Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob HPV nce ntxiv nrog rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg koom tes.
4. Mus kuaj Pap smear raws sijhawm: Txawm tias koj tsis muaj tsos mob dab tsi los xij, mus kuaj Pap smear raws sijhawm uas koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo, nyob ntawm koj lub hnub nyoog thiab kev pheej hmoo. Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv, nws tuaj yeem raug ntes ntawm qib LSIL ua ntej nws nce mus rau qhov mob hnyav dua xws li HSIL.
Nws yog ib qho ib txwm yuav ntshai thaum koj tau txais kev kuaj mob ntawm SIL. Tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog koj lub cev ceeb toom, hais tias, "Nov yog me ntsis qee yam, cia peb ua tib zoo mloog qhov no." Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob thiab mloog lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Ua kom meej meej txog yam yuav ua tom ntej. Yog tias kuaj pom thaum ntxov thiab kho kom zoo, qhov no yog ib qho mob uas kho tau tag nrho.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- SIL (Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav. Nws yog ib qho mob ua ntej mob qog noj ntshav uas tuaj yeem hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav.
- Qhov ua rau muaj qhov no yog tus kab mob HPV uas kis los ntawm kev sib deev.
- Muaj ob hom SIL: LSIL (kev hloov me me, feem ntau daws tau nws tus kheej ) thiab HSIL (kev hloov qib siab, xav tau kev kho mob).
- SIL feem ntau tsis muaj tsos mob, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau kuaj Pap raws sijhawm.
- Txawm tias muaj HSIL los xij, kev kuaj pom thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob kom zoo (piv txwv li, LEEP) yuav luag tiv thaiv tau kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV thiab kev sib deev kom muaj kev nyab xeeb yog cov txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv SIL.
- Yog koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb lossis kev tsis ntseeg txog koj daim ntawv qhia, nug koj tus kws kho mob kom paub meej ntxiv.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus