Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov txog "tshuaj sulfa." Tej zaum tus kws kho mob tau muab tshuaj pleev rau koj siv rau ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij thiab hais tias, "Qhov no yog tshuaj sulfa." Cov sulfonamides yog dab tsi tiag? Puas yog lawv tsuas yog tshuaj tua kab mob xwb ? Tsis yog, zaj dab neeg ntev dua li ntawd. Cia peb mus rau hauv qab ntawm qhov no hnub no.
Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tshuaj sulfonamides no yog dab tsi?
Cov tshuaj sulfonamides yog ib pawg tshuaj uas ua los ntawm cov tshuaj synthetic, uas yog, hauv chav kuaj. Lawv tsis yog cov tshuaj uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntuj. Txhua yam tshuaj hauv pawg tshuaj no muaj cov tshuaj "sulfur" hauv lawv cov qauv tshuaj. Yog vim li ntawd lawv thiaj hu ua "sulfonamides."
Tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov no ua haujlwm li cas. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muab rau cov kab mob bacterial , cov tshuaj no ua yog tiv thaiv cov kab mob kom tsis txhob ua ib yam dab tsi hu ua " folate " uas lawv xav tau. Peb kuj paub tias folate yog vitamin B9 . Xav txog seb, cov khoom noj khoom haus no hu ua folate yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob kom nyob thiab kis mus. Yog li thaum cov tshuaj sulfonamide nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lawv mus thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob kom tsis txhob ua cov folate no. Nws zoo li tshaib plab tsis muaj zaub mov, cov kab mob maj mam qaug zog thiab tuag.
"Yog li ntawd puas tsis muaj teeb meem rau peb lub cev?" tej zaum koj yuav xav. Tsis yog. Vim tias peb, uas yog, tib neeg, tau txais cov folate uas peb lub cev xav tau los ntawm cov khoom noj uas peb noj. Peb tsis ua folate hauv peb lub cev. Yog li cov tshuaj no feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb hauv peb lub cev li ntawd.
Ua ntej penicillin raug tshawb pom, xyoo 1930, sulfonamides yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj rau kev kho cov kab mob bacterial. Lub sijhawm ntawd , cov tshuaj no tau pab txo cov neeg tuag los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis ntau heev. Tab sis niaj hnub no, lawv tsis yog siv rau cov kab mob bacterial xwb. Cov tshuaj hauv pawg no siv rau ntau lwm yam kab mob .
Cov tshuaj sulfonamides siv rau cov kab mob twg?
Yav tas los, lawv feem ntau yog siv los kho thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob bacterial. Tab sis niaj hnub no, cov tshuaj no tau hloov zuj zus ntau heev. Cov tshuaj Sulfonamides yog siv los kho ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog ntshav qab zib hom 2, ntshav siab, kab mob HIV, thiab melanoma, ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Cia peb saib seb muaj lwm yam tshuaj dab tsi nyob hauv pawg no thiab siv rau cov kab mob dab tsi. Yuav kom yooj yim, peb yuav muab cov no faib ua ob ntu.
1. Cov tshuaj sulfonamides siv ua tshuaj tua kab mob
Cov no feem ntau yog cov tshuaj uas muab rau cov kab mob bacterial.
| Cov tshuaj tua kab mob: sulfonamides |
|---|
| Mafenide (Sulfamylon®) |
| Sulfadiazene (Silvadene® lossis Thermazene®) - (feem ntau siv rau kev kub hnyiab) |
| Sulfamethizole |
| Sulfisoxazole |
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®) - (Kuj siv rau mob plab hnyuv) |
| Sulfadoxine - (siv los kho mob malaria) |
2. Cov tshuaj sulfonamides uas tsis yog tshuaj tua kab mob
Cov no tsis yog cov tshuaj uas tua cov kab mob. Lawv siv los kho ntau yam kab mob. Daim ntawv teev npe no ntev me ntsis, tab sis nws muab lub tswv yim rau koj txog qhov dav ntawm cov tshuaj no.
| Lub Npe Tshuaj | Siv |
|---|---|
| Acetohexamide, Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide | Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 |
| Furosemide (Lasix®), Bumetanide, Torsemide, Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide | Cov tshuaj diuretics siv los kho cov o uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntshav siab thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. |
| Celecoxib (Celebrex®) | Mob pob qij txha thiab mob o xws li mob pob qij txha. |
| Darunavir (Prezista®) | Ib tshuaj antiretroviral rau kev kis tus kab mob HIV. |
| Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Rau cov mob taub hau migraine. |
| Sildenafil (Viagra®, Revatio®) | Erectile dysfunction thiab pulmonary arterial hypertension. |
| Tamsulosin (Flomax®) | Rau cov teeb meem tso zis uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov qog prostate loj (benign prostatic hyperplasia). |
| Zonisamide (Zonegran®) | Mob qaug dab peg los ntawm kev mob qaug dab peg. |
Puas muaj peev xwm ua xua rau sulfonamides?
Yog, koj ua tau. Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov cov neeg hais tias, "Kuv ua xua rau cov tshuaj sulfa." Nruab nrab ntawm 3% thiab 8% ntawm cov pej xeem hauv ntiaj teb ua xua rau qee hom tshuaj sulfa. Tab sis qhov no zoo ib yam li kev ua xua rau penicillin.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog li no: tsuas yog vim koj ua xua rau ib hom tshuaj sulfonamide tsis tau txhais hais tias koj ua xua rau lwm cov tshuaj hauv pawg no. Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas cov kws kho mob tam sim no lees txais.
Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj rau sulfonamide yav dhau los, nco ntsoov qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej pib noj tshuaj tshiab. Nws yuav muaj peev xwm pom zoo lwm yam tshuaj uas tsim nyog rau koj.
Cov tshuaj no muaj qhov tsis zoo li cas?
Ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj, sulfonamides muaj qee qhov tsis zoo thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim. Cov tseem ceeb yog:
- Kev tiv thaiv kab mob: Thaum koj siv tib yam tshuaj tua kab mob ntev, qee cov kab mob yuav tiv thaiv cov tshuaj ntawd. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov tshuaj ntawd tsis ua haujlwm rau cov kab mob ntawd lawm. Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog cov tshuaj sulfonamides.
- Kev poob ntawm cov nyhuv rau qee cov kab mob: Qee hom kab mob yeej tiv taus cov tshuaj no.
- Cov kev mob tshwm sim loj heev: Cov no tsis tshua muaj , tab sis qee tus neeg yuav muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj heev xws li Stevens-Johnson syndrome thiab toxic epidermal necrolysis .
Cov kev mob tshwm sim no yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg thiab ntawm ib hom tshuaj mus rau ib hom tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, koj tus kws kho mob yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws los qhia txog cov tshuaj uas koj tau txais, nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo. Nug nws txog nws.
Bactrim™ puas yog ib hom tshuaj sulfonamide thiab?
Yog, ib feem. Bactrim™ muaj sulfamethizole, ib hom sulfonamide. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws kuj muaj lwm yam tshuaj hu ua trimethoprim. Ob yam no ua haujlwm ua ke.
Celebrex® puas yog ib hom tshuaj sulfonamide thiab?
Yog. Celecoxib (feem ntau hu ua Celebrex®), uas yog siv los kho mob pob qij txha, kuj yog ib hom tshuaj sulfonamide.
Cov tshuaj no puas ua rau muaj cov pob zeb hauv cov zis?
Yog, qee cov tshuaj sulfa tuaj yeem ua rau cov pob zeb ua rau hauv cov zis. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev mob tshwm sim ntau. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj seb cov tshuaj uas koj noj puas yuav ua rau qhov no thiab koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi los tiv thaiv nws (piv txwv li, haus dej ntau).
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov tshuaj sulfonamides tsis yog tsuas yog tshuaj tua kab mob xwb. Lawv yog ib pawg tshuaj loj uas siv los kho ntau yam kab mob.
- Cov tshuaj no siv rau ntau yam kab mob, txij li cov kab mob bacterial mus rau ntshav qab zib, ntshav siab, thiab mob taub hau heev.
- Tej zaum koj yuav ua xua rau cov tshuaj sulfa. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua xua rau ib hom tshuaj tsis tau txhais hais tias koj yuav ua xua rau txhua yam tshuaj hauv pawg ntawd.
- Ua ntej koj pib noj tshuaj tshiab, nco ntsoov qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txog lwm yam mob uas koj muaj thiab txhua yam kev ua xua rau tshuaj yav dhau los.
Cov tshuaj sulfonamides, cov tshuaj sulfa, sulfonamides, tshuaj tua kab mob, kev ua xua rau tshuaj, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Bactrim, Celebrex, Lasix
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Ntxiv koj cov lus