Wetin na ELISA? Lɛ wi lan bɔt dis lab tɛst insay simpul wɔd dɛn!

Yu kin yɛri di wɔd ‘ELISA’ frɔm dɔktɔ ɔ lab ripɔt , nɔto so? Ɔ sɔntɛm na nyu wɔd. So, wetin na ELISA, wetin i de luk fɔ, ɛn aw i de wok? Lɛ wi tɔk bɔt am jɔs tide, lɛk se yu de tɔk to yu padi. Dɔn yu go ebul fɔ ɔndastand dis fayn fayn wan.

Wetin na ELISA? I rili simpul!

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, ELISA na spɛshal we we dɛn kin yuz na lɛbɔretri. I de wok lɛk ditektiv. I de luk fɔ sɔm tin dɛn na wi bɔdi, lɛk antibodi, antijen , prɔtin, ɛn ɔmon , ɛn mɛzhɔ ɔmɔs pan dɛn wi gɛt.

Imajin, dɛn kin du dis tɛst bay we dɛn tek yu blɔd, plasma, urine, saliva, ɔ sɛribrospaynal fluid (CSF). di wכd dεm 'ELISA' tinap fכ 'εnzym-linked immunosorbent assay'. Sɔntɛnde dɛn kin kɔl am EIA tɛst.

Risach pipul dɛn kɔl dis ELISA di gold standad fɔ immunoassays . Dat min se, na we we pɔsin kin rili abop pan ɛn we kɔrɛkt. Tεst dεm we dεn yuz dis ELISA mεtכd kin εp fכ no bכku kכndyushכn dεm , frכm baktriyal εn vayral infεkshכn (e.g., Laym sik, HIV) to sik dεm we gεt כmon lεk tayroyd sik .

yu no se ivin di tεst fכ bεlε na os na dis ELISA mεtכd? dεn de luk fכ di prεsεns fכ wan כmon we dεn kכl human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) , we dεn kכl bak di ‘pregnancy hormone’.

So, wetin na dɛn immunoassays ya?

Okay, mek wi luk naw wetin na immunoassays. dis na tεst dεm we de dip pan di intarakshכn bitwin di antijen dεm εn di antibodi dεm כnda labכtכri kכndishכn dεm (dat na, insay lab, nכto insay yu bכdi).

fכ כndastand dis, i imכtant fכ כndastand fכs aw di antibodi dεm εn antijen dεm de wok na yu bכdi. Antibodi na tin dɛm we de mek yu imyun sistɛm . Dɛn kin tay pan tin dɛm wae nɔr fayn fɔ yu bɔdi ɛn ɛp am fɔ pul dɛm. Dem lek wi kontri difens fos. Antibodi dɛn we dɛn kin yuzAntijen na ɛni kayn mak we di antibodi dɛn kin no. dis antijen dεm kin bi protin כ shuga dεm we de fכm na di sεl dεm כ vayrus dεm.

yu kin fכn antijen dεm na di sכfa fכ difrεn tin dεm , inklud:

• Vayrɔs
• Baktri dɛn we de na di bɔdi
• Alɛjen - fɔ ɛgzampul, alɛrjen na it, alɛrjen na di ays
• Parasayt dɛn
• Protin dɛn we de mek pɔsin gɛt
• Kansa sɛl dɛn
• Nɔmal sɛl dɛn na yu bɔdi

So, insay immunoassays, sayɛnsman dεm na di lab de yuz antijen כ antibodi dεm we dεn gεt na dεn fכ tεst fכ tεst fכ wan sכ m antijen כ antibodi insay wan likwid sεmpl (e.g., blכd sεmpl) we dεn tek frכm yu. Dɔn gɛt am?

difrεn tεst dεm we de yuz di ELISA mεtכd kin no if spεsifi k antijen dεm εn antibodi dεm de.

Wetin na di ELISA we dɛn kin yuz fɔ du?

Dɛn kin du bɔku difrɛn mɛdikal tɛst dɛn bay we dɛn de yuz di ELISA we. Bɔt di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl na dat yu lab ripɔt nɔ go tɔk bɔt ‘ELISA tɛst’. Di rizin na dat ELISA na jɔs wan we we dɛn kin yuz na di lab, ɛn bɔku bɔku tɛst dɛn de we dɛn kin du we dɛn yuz da we de. Jɔs lɛk we dɛn kin yuz fɔ mek it, yu kin yuz da we de fɔ mek difrɛn kayn it dɛn.

Wan tin we dɛn kin yuz ELISA na fɔ no ɛn mɛzhɔ di antibodi dɛn. Fɔ ɛgzampul:

• Antibodi dεm we de agens baktri, vayral, כ fכn infεkshכn: εgzampl fכ baktri infεkshכn na Laym sik, brusεlosis, εn sifilis. Ɛgzampul fɔ di vayral infɛkshɔn na HIV ɛn ɛpatitis A, B, ɛn C. Wan ɛgzampul fɔ di fεn infεkshכn na yist infεkshכn (candida).
• Awtoantibodi dɛm: Dis na antibodi dɛm we yu imyun sistɛm de yuz fɔ pwɛl yu yon sɛl dɛm. bכku כtoimyun sik dεm na dεn כtoantibodi dεm ya de kכz dεm. Wan ɛgzampul na tayp 1 dayabitis. pan dis kכndyushכn, fכ sכm rizin we wi nכ no, yu bכdi de sεnd כtoantibodi dεm we de pwεl di sεl dεm we de prodyuz insulin na yu pankrias.

Ɔda tin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz di ELISA we dɛn kin yuz na:

• Fɔ no ɛn asɛs di ɔmon lɛvɛl:εgzampl dεm na di hכman chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), fכlikul-stimulεt כmon (FSH), εn tεstostεron.
• Fɔ wach aw sik de kam na di kɔmyuniti: Fɔ ɛgzampul, we klamidia ɔ influenza de kam (wi kin kɔl am ‘di flu’).
• Test di blɔd we dɛn gi fɔ si if di vayral kɔmpɔnɛnt dɛn: fɔ ɛgzampul, HIV.
• Fɔ no aw yu de yuz drɔgs we nɔto fɔ mɛrɛsin: Fɔ ɛgzampul, fɔ chɛk if yu gɛt amfɛtamin ɔ kɔkɛyn na yu sistɛm. Dis na jɔs skrinin tɛst dɛn.
• Fɔ no ɛn asɛs di lɛvɛl dɛn we di tumbu mak dɛn de: Dis na ɛni tin na yu bɔdi we de gi infɔmeshɔn bɔt kansa. Wan ɛgzampul na di prɔstat-spɛsifi k antijen (PSA) tɛst fɔ prɔstat kansa.
• Fɔ no di dɔst ɛn alɛji fɔ it.
• Fɔ chɛk if dɛn dɔn gi yu vaysin fɔ sɔm sik dɛn: fɔ ɛgzampul, mɔmp ɛn rubɛla.

Aw dis ELISA we de wok? I rili wɔndaful!

Okay, naw mek wi luk aw dis ELISA test de wok. sכm sכm sכm difrεns dεm de dipכnt if i de luk fכ antibodi כ antijen . Lɛ wi tray fɔ ɔndastand dis bay we wi tek ɛgzampul fɔ luk fɔ antibodi dɛm. Mɔs pan di ELISA tɛst dɛn na ɔtomatik - dat na, bɔku pan di wok na mashin dɛn de du am. Bɔt fɔ ɔndastand dis we, lɛ wi tink bɔt wan tɛst we wi kin du wit wi an.

Imajin se dɛn de tɛst yu fɔ HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) we dɛn de yuz ELISA we, ɛn yu dɔn ɔlrɛdi gi yu blɔd sɛmpul. Fɔs, wan mɛdikal laboratori sayɛnsman ɔ tɛknishian kin put wan pat pan di HIV vayrɔs (dis na wetin de wok lɛk antijen) pan tɛst tyub ɔ plastic plet.

Dɔn, di sayɛnsman kin ad yu blɔd sɛmpul to di tɛst tyub ɔ plet. If yu blɔd sɛmpul gɛt antibodi dɛm fɔ HIV, dɛn go tay to da antijen de (insay dis kes, di HIV vayrɔs). If yu blɔd sɛmpul nɔ gɛt HIV antibodi, natin nɔ go apin.

Neks, di sayɛnsman ad ɔda antibodi, dis sɛkɔn antibodi ‘de no’ dɛn HIV antibodi dɛm. dat min se dis sεkכn antibodi de tay pan eni HIV antibodi we bin bכnd to di antijen bifo. dis sεkכn antibodi de lεnk to wan εnzym (wan tin we de mek kεmikכl riakshכn spid). dis na di say we di ‘enzyme-linked’ pat pan ELISA de kכmכt.

Insay di las step, di sayɛnsman ad wan tin we de riak wit di ɛnzaym.Dis min se if antibodi dεm de, di sכbstans go chenj in kכla. In ɔda wɔd, if di tɛst gɛt pɔsitiv, di kɔlɔ go chenj. If yu nɔ gɛt antibodies agens da patikyula antijen de (insay dis kes, di HIV vayrɔs), nɔ go chenj di kɔlɔ. Dat de sho as bad tin we kin apin.

di imכtant tin na dat di intensiti fכ di kכla chenj, dat na aw di kכla strכng, de proporshכnal to di amoun fכ di antibodi. So di ELISA mεtכd kin no כl tu if di antibodi de εn aw bכku pan am de. Yu nɔ tink se i wɔndaful?

Wetin na di rizɔlt fɔ wan ELISA tɛst?

Di rizɔlt fɔ ELISA tɛst kin difrɛn difrɛn wan dipen pan wetin dɛn de tɛst ɛn di lab we du di tɛst. Mɔs pan di ELISA tɛst dɛn kin gi ɔl tu pɔsitiv ɔ nɛgitiv rizɔlt, bɔt sɔntɛnde di rizɔlt kin nɔ valid:

• positifu rizulεt: positifu rizulεt min se di tεst dεtekt wetin i bin de luk fכ (e.g., wan antibodi, wan כmon).
• Negativ rizulyt: Negatif rizulyt min se di tɛst nɔ bin detekt ɛnitin we dɛn bin de luk fɔ.
• Rizɔlt we nɔ rayt: Rizɔlt we nɔ rayt min se sɔntin nɔ bin fayn wit di tɛst. Dis kin bi prɔblɛm wit di sampul kɔlɛkshɔn, transpɔt, ɔ tɛst. If dis apin, yu go nid fɔ tek di tɛst bak.

Bɔt yu dɔktɔ go ɛksplen to yu wetin yu rizɔlt min.

A fɔ wɔri if mi rizɔlt nɔ fayn?

Jɔs bikɔs yu tɛst rizɔlt nɔrmal nɔr min se yu gɛt sik. Sɔntɛnde, mistek dɛn we dɛn kin mek we dɛn de gɛda di sampul, transpɔt, ɔ we dɛn de du tɛst kin mek di rizɔlt nɔ kɔrɛkt.

Wan bad tin bɔt di ELISA we na di pɔsibiliti fɔ gɛt lay lay-pɔzitiv ɛn lay lay-nɛgitiv rizɔlt.

• Falz-positiv rizɔlt: Dis de tɔk bɔt di tru tin se di tɛst rizɔlt sho se di tin we dɛn de tɔk bɔt de, pan ɔl we i rili nɔ de.
• False-negative result: Dis de tɔk bɔt wan tɛst rizɔlt we nɔ kɔrɛkt wan sho se di tin we dɛn de tɔk bɔt nɔ de, pan ɔl we i rili de.

Bɔku tɛm, dɔktɔ dɛn kin du ɔda tɛst fɔ no if pɔsin gɛt di sik. Dɛn kin yuz ELISA tɛst mɔ as skrinin tɛst.

If yu gɛt abnɔmal rizɔlt, yu dɔktɔ go tɔk to yu bɔt am. Una ɔl tu go disayd wetin fɔ du nɛks.

Mɛmba se, ilɛk us rizin yu gɛt fɔ du ELISA tɛst, nɔto di las diagnosis.If yu nɔrmal ELISA tɛst rizɔlt nɔr min se yu gɛt siriɔs mɛdikal kɔndishɔn. If yu gɛt abnɔmal rizɔlt, yu dɔktɔ go tink bɔt sɔm tin dɛn ɛn i go mɔs tɛl yu fɔ du ɔda tɛst. Nɔ fred fɔ aks kwɛstyɔn.

So, wetin na di mɛsej we wi fɔ mɛmba frɔm dis stori?

Okay, so a op se yu naw geht gud aidia boht di ELISA we wi bin tok boht. Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan:

• ELISA na spɛshal lab tɛst we dɛn kin du.
• Dis kin mek wi ebul fɔ no bɔku tin dɛn na wi bɔdi, lɛk antibodi, antijen , ɛn ɔmon .
• dis we ya de εp fכ no difrεn kכndyush כn dεm lεk bεlε, infεkshכn, כmon lεvεl, εn alerji.
• Wan ELISA tɛst rizɔlt kin bi pɔsitiv, negatif, ɔ invalid .
• Di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl: ELISA rizɔlt nɔto di las diagnosis. If yu gɛt abnɔmal rizɔlt, nɔ panik, tɔk to yu dɔktɔ, ɛn du ɔda tɛst if nid de.

If yu gɛt ɛni kwɛstyɔn, nɔ fred fɔ aks yu dɔktɔ. Na in na di bɛst pɔsin fɔ ɛp yu. Stay wit wɛlbɔdi!

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