Wetin na Sɛl Day? Lɛ wi tɔk bɔt am simpul wan!

Yu dɔn ɛva wɔnda wetin kin apin to di smɔl smɔl sɛl dɛn we de insay wi bɔdi? Sɔntɛnde, jɔs lɛk wi, dɛn sɛl ya kin ‘day’ we dɛn tɛm dɔn. Dis na wetin wi kin kɔl ‘sɛl day’ na mɛrɛsin. Pan ɔl we dis kin mek wi fred smɔl fɔ yɛri, i rili impɔtant fɔ mek wi bɔdi kɔntinyu fɔ liv fayn fayn wan bɔku tɛm. So tide, lɛ wi tɔk bɔt wetin na dis sɛl day, aw i kin apin, ɛn aw i kin afɛkt wi bɔdi.

Wetin na sɛl? Lɛ wi ɔndastand dat fɔs!

Okay, bifo wi tok abaut ‘cell death’, mek wi luk wetin na dis ‘cell’ . Imajin se wi bɔdi na big bildin, ɛn sɛl dɛn tan lɛk di smɔl smɔl brik dɛn we mek da bildin de. Infakt, yu nɔ go ivin imajin, i pas 30 trilyɔn sɛl dɛn na wi bɔdi! Ɔl dɛn sɛl ya kin kam togɛda fɔ mek wi tisu ɛn ɔgan dɛn. Jɛnɛral wan, tri men pat dɛn de na wan sɛl:

• di sεl mεmbran: Dis lεk di fεns, כ get we de protεkt di sεl. Na in de disayd ɛn kɔntrol wetin kin go insay ɛn kɔmɔt na di sɛl.
• Saytoplasm: Dis na di likwid pat we lεk jεli insay di sεl. di prodyushכn fכ di protin dεm we di sεl nid εn plεnti imכtant kεmikכl prכsεs dεm we de apin insay di sεl de apin insay dis saytoplasm.
• nyuklios: dis na di ‘kכntrol sεnta’ כ ‘bren’ fכ di sεl. wi jεnεtik infכmeshכn, dat na, DNA (`DNA` - Deoxyribonucleic acid), de mεntal insay dis nyuklios. di nyuklios de mek RNA bak (`RNA` - Ribonuklik asid) . dis `RNA` de kכpi di infכmeshכn we de insay `DNA` εn i de εp di sεl dεm fכ mek difrεn protin dεm we dεn nid fכ wok εn gro.

Naw yu dɔn gɛt wan rɔf aidia bɔt wetin na sɛl.

So, wetin na dis sɛl day?

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, di sɛl dɛn we de day na we di sɛl dɛn na wi bɔdi stɔp fɔ wok ɛn day we dɛn dɔn fɔ wok ɔ we dɛn dɔn pwɛl fɔ sɔm rizin. Di sɛl dɛn na wi bɔdi nɔ jɔs de fɔm. Dɛn de sheb ɛn mek nyu sɛl dɛn ɔltɛm. wi kכl dis 'sεl divεlכpmεnt' (`Mitosis`) . masta sabi pipul dεm se mכtalman sεl we gεt hεlty kin sheb dis we fכ 50-60 tεm. Afta dat, di sɛl ol ɛn day.

Wi bɔdi de mek nyu sɛl dɛn ɔltɛm fɔ tek ples fɔ ol sɛl dɛn we dɔn pwɛl, ɛn we de day. I tan lɛk se yu de pul ol tin dɛn ɛn briŋ nyu tin dɛn.

Dis natura l sel dεm we de day de εp fכ kip wi bכdi hεlth εn fכ wok fayn fayn wan. Bɔt prɔblɛm kin apin we dis sɛl day nɔ apin lɛk aw dɛn bin de tink, ɔ we di sɛl dɛn we nɔ fɔ day bigin fɔ day.

Wetin mek wi sɛl dɛn kin day? Wetin na di rizin dɛn?

Difrɛn rizin dɛn de we mek di sɛl dɛn de day. Sɔm na natura, sɔm nɔto so. Lɛ wi luk di men rizin dɛn:

• Sɔm sɛl dɛn kin day we dɛn de gro , bifo dɛn ful-ɔp.
• We ol sɛl dɛn rich di ej we dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ sheb igen, dat min se we dɛn layf dɔn, dɛn kin day. Dis na nɔmal tin we kin apin.
• If sɛl dɛn de we dɔn pwɛl we pɔsin nɔ go ebul fɔ ripɛnt pan sɔm we dɛn, dɛn kin day bay dɛnsɛf. Dɛn nɔ kin ebul fɔ kip dɛn na di bɔdi lɛk dɔti.
• Sik, wund, pɔyzin, ɛn sɔm tritmɛnt dɛn kin pwɛl di sɛl dɛn bak ɛn mek dɛn day.

Udat dɛn de pan denja fɔ mek di sɛl dɛn day?

Infakt, sɛl day kin afɛkt wi ɔl – ɛn bɔku tɛm na gud tin. I wɔndaful, yu skin de shed lɛk 40,000 day sɛl dɛn wan de! Di layt we de ɔp na wi skin we dɛn kɔl di epidermis , de mek nyu sɛl dɛn na di skin ɔltɛm fɔ tek dɛn sɛl dɛn ya we dɔn day. In ɔda wɔd, if dis sɛl day nɔ bin apin, wi nɔ bin fɔ gɛt wɛlbɔdi skin.

Wetin na di men kayn we dɛn we di sɛl dɛn kin day?

dipכnt pan di we aw di sεl dεm de day, dεn kin sheb am to tri men tכp dεm:

1. Apoptosis - dεn plan di sεl dεm we de day

2. כtofagi - sεl rεsaykul εn day

3. Nεkrכsis - Sεl dεm we de day we aksidεnt de kכz

Naw lɛ wi tɔk bɔt ɛni wan pan dɛn kayn tin ya smɔl mɔ.

1. Apoptosis ɔ program sεl dεd

Apoptosis na wan we we de apin na di wɔl, we dɛn plan fɔ mek di sɛl dɛn day . Insay dis prɔses, di sɛl dɛn kin pwɛl dɛnsɛf. afta di sεl dεn dכn divayd maksimal nכmba tεm, we i rich wan say we i nכ kin divayd igen, i de day tru dis prכsεs (Apoptosis). Dis plan fɔ day di sɛl dɛn rili wɛl ɛn dɛn de op fɔ wi bɔdi.

Lɛ wi tɔk bɔt dis ɛgzampul. we di pikin in finga dεm fכs fכm na di mama in bεlε, dεn kin kכnekt to dεn wan dεm bay wan tint lεyεr fכ skin bitwin dεm. Jɔs lɛk di skin bitwin di fut finga dɛn na dɔk in leg. bכt as di pikin de gro, dis prכsεs fכ ``Apoptosis'' de mek di sεl dεm we nכ nid bitwin dεn finga dεm de day insay כda we. Na da tɛm de di finga dɛn kin separet fayn fayn wan ɛn mek fayv difrɛn finga dɛn. Imajin, wetin if dis ``Apoptosis'' nɔ bin apin fayn? Dɔn di skin bitwin dɛn finga dɛn de kin kɔntinyu fɔ de lɛk aw i de. Wi kin kɔl da kɔndishɔn de ``Syndactyly'' . Si, sɔmtɛm i impɔtant fɔ mek dɛn sɛl ya day.

`(Apoptosis)` na wan prכsεs we de apin כltεm. Dis na wetin de pul ol sɛl dɛn we dɔn pwɛl na wi bɔdi, ɛn mek ples fɔ yɔŋ sɛl dɛn we gɛt wɛlbɔdi fɔ tek dɛn ples. Bɔt if fɔ sɔm rizin dis plan we di sɛl dɛn day nɔ apin fayn, dɛn ol sɛl dɛn de we dɔn pwɛl kin bigin fɔ sheb we dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ kɔntrol. Dis na di men rizin we mek di tכmכro dεm εn kεnsar de kam.

כlso, sכmtεm bikoz fכ mistek dεm na di sεl program, sεl dεm we nכ fכ day kin day bak tru dis prכsεs fכ ``Apoptosis''. fכ egzampl, pan pipul dεm we gεt sik lεk Pakinsin sik, Huntington sik , כ Alzaima, di nεv sεl dεm (` `Nyuron``) na di nεv sεstem de day pasmak. Dis we aw di sɛl dɛn kin day bifo tɛm kin afɛkt di we aw pɔsin de tink ɛn muv.

2. Awtofaji ɔ sɛlular risaykul

כtofagi na כda kayn we we dεn program di sεl dεm we de day. Bɔt dis wan spɛshal. I kin apin we di bɔdi gɛt sɔm kayn strɛs, tɛnsiɔn, ɔr nɔr gɛt tin fɔ it. i lεk ``risaykul sistεm`` we de apin na di sεl lεvεl na wi bכdi.

insay di prכsεs fכ ``Autophagy`` (we min ``sεlf-it''), wan sεl de ``it'' in yon ol, damej protin dεm, כ כda pat dεm we i nכ want na di saytoplasm. Dɔn i kin yuz di pat dɛn we dɔn brok bak ɛn sɔpɔt di impɔtant wok dɛn we di sɛl de du. I tan lɛk se yu pul ol tin dɛn na yu os ɛn tek di pat dɛn we yu kin yuz ɛn bil nyu tin.

dis prכsεs fכ ``Autophagy'' kin bכku yusful sכmtεm.

• Wi imyun sistεm de εp fכ pwεl tin dεm lεk vayrus εn baktri dεm we de mek wi gεt infεkshכn.
• I kin ɛp bak fɔ mek di sɛl dɛn we gɛt wɛlbɔdi nɔ bi kansa sɛl.
• Dɛn biliv se dis kin ɛp bak fɔ mek yu nɔ gɛt ɔda prɔblɛm dɛn lɛk at sik .

bכt, na di כda say, if yu gεt kεnsar, dis prכsεs fכ ``(Autophagy)`` kin bi detrimental. Bikɔs, dis risaykul prɔses de gi kansa sɛl dɛn ɛkstra nyutriɛnt, we kin mek dɛn gro kwik kwik wan. Nɔto dat nɔmɔ, bɔt dɛn sɛl dɛn ya we dɛn kin yuz bak kin ambɔg di we aw dɛn kin pwɛl di kansa sɛl dɛn bay we dɛn de trit di kansa.

sכm pipul dεn de tray fכ mek dis prכsεs fכ ``Autophagy'' bay we dεn de rεstrikt di kalori כ fast, εn so dεn de prodyuz yכŋ, hεlty sεl dεm. כltu, nכ inof sayɛns pruf de yet fכ se fכ artifishal indyuz ``Autophagy'' dis we i de wok. Dɔn bak, sɔntɛnde, if pɔsin nɔ fɔ it gud gud wan, dat kin ambɔg pɔsin in wɛlbɔdi.

3. Nɛkrɔsis ɔ we di sɛl dɛn day wantɛm wantɛm

Nεkrכsis n כto wan prכsεs we dεn plan lεk Apoptosis כ Autophagy. Na we di sɛl day aksidɛnt ɔ we i nɔ bin de tink se i go day. Dis kin mek di tisu dɛn day.I kin apin. Imajin se yu gɛt siriɔs injuri na yu an ɔ yu fut. Da tɛm de, di sɛl dɛn we wund kin pwɛl, ɛn di tin dɛn we de insay dɛn kin lik kɔmɔt, ɛn dis kin pwɛl di wɛlbɔdi sɛl dɛn we de rawnd dɛn. Dis kin mek ɔda sɛl dɛn swel, rɛd, pen, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn we ɔda sɛl dɛn kin pwɛl ɛn day.

di imכtant tin na dat, pan כl we dכkta dεn kin pul dis dεd tisu, di tisu dεm we de day we ``nεkrכsis`` kכz na ``irrεvεrsibl``.

dis kכndyushכn, ``Nεkrכsis,'' kin apin bak bikoz fכ di bכdi we de dכn εn di כksijεn saplai to sכm pat dεm na di bכdi. ``Nεkrכsis'' de apin biכs di sεl dεm nכ de gεt bכdi, כksijεn, εn nyutriεnt dεm we wi day.

Sɔm ɔda tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin gɛt `(Nɛkrɔsis)` na:

• Aksidɛnt ɛn siriɔs injuri (`Traumatic injuries`).
• Di sik dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt we i de fɛt insɛf .
• Baktri, vayrɔs, ɛn fɛns we de mek pɔsin gɛt infɛkshɔn.
• Yuz pɔyzin, pɔyzin tin ɛn drɔgs we nɔ rayt.
• Kansa tritmɛnt lɛk redyushɔn tɛrapi .

Tayp dɛn fɔ Nɛkrɔsis

difrεn tכp dεm de fכ `(Nεkrכsis)` dipכnt pan di kכz εn di pat pan di bכdi we i afekt. Sɔm pan di kayn dɛn we dɛn kin yuz mɔ na:

• avaskul nεkrכsis כ כstionekrכsis (dεd fכ di bon tisu) .
• Gangrene ( day we di skin tisu de day) .
• Pulp necrosis ( day we di pulp na di tut day) .

Wetin na Aktiveshɔn-Induse Sɛl Day (AICD)?

Dis na kɔmplikɛt tɔpik, bɔt i fayn fɔ no insay simpul wɔd dɛn. Aktivεshכn-indyus sεl dεd (AICD) na wan kכmplikεshכn we kin mek dεn divεlכp wan kεnsar tritmεnt we dεn kכl chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-sεl tεrapi . I kin apin we di T-sɛl dɛn, we na wan kayn wayt blɔd sɛl we de ɛp fɔ kil di kansa sɛl dɛn, day bifo tɛm.

Na dis na wetin dɔktɔ dɛn kin du na `(CAR) T-sɛl tɛrapi`:

1. Lukapheresis na wan we we de pul di wayt blɔd sɛl dɛn we dɔn bɔku pasmak (inklud di T-sɛl dɛn) frɔm di pɔsin in blɔd.

2. afta dat dεn de aktibכt dεn T-sεl dεm ya na labכtכri εn tray fכ gro dεm mכr.

3. dεn ad nyu jεnεtik infכmeshכn to dεn T-sεl dεm ya we dεn gro na lab, de chenj dεm so dat dεn kin sכk εn pwεl di kεnsar sεl dεm.

4. fכ finish, dεn de put di T-sεl dεm we dεn modify bak insay di sikman in bכdi. Dɔn dɛn kin luk fɔ ɛn pwɛl di kansa sɛl dɛn.

bכt, כnכfכs, we dεn T-sεl dεm ya de aktibכt εn gro na di lab, sכmtεm dis ``AICD'' sεl dεd kin apin. Dɔn, di nɔmba fɔ di T-sɛl dɛn we dɛn dɔn chenj we de fɔ fɛt kansa kin go dɔŋ.

Wetin wi nid fɔ mɛmba frɔm ɔl dis (Take-Home Message)

Pan ɔl we di wɔd ‘sɛl day’ kin tan lɛk se i de mek wi fred smɔl, naw yu no se dis na tin we kin apin na wi bɔdi bɔku tɛm ɛn i impɔtant fɔ mek wi liv fayn fayn wan .

• di sεl dεm we dεn plan fכ day, lεk apoptosis, de pul ol sεl dεm we dεn dכn pwεl εn mek say fכ yכng, hεlty sεl dεm.
• tru wan prכsεs we dεn k כl כtofagi , di sεl dεm de risaykul dεn pat dεm εn wok mכr efyushכn.
• Bɔt di day we di sɛl dɛn day bikɔs ɔf aksidɛnt lɛk nɛkrɔsis kin denja ɛn i kin mek di tisu dɛn pwɛl fɔ ɔltɛm.
• כlso, sכmtεm ivin `(Apoptosis)` εn `(Autophagy)` kin kכntribyut to sik dεm lεk kεnsar.

Bɔt wi bɔdi kin bizi ɔltɛm fɔ mek di sɛl dɛn we dɔn pwɛl ɛn chenj di wan dɛn we de day. So, i impɔtant fɔ no bɔt dis prɔses. If yu gɛt ɛni kwɛstyɔn ɔ wɔri bɔt dis, nɔ shem fɔ tɔk to dɔktɔ.

` Sεl dεm we de day, sεl dεm, apoptosis, כtofagi, nεkrכsis, bכdi fכnshכn, sεl divεlכpmεnt