Yu bɔdi ebul fɔ fɛt sik dɔn ridyus? (Immunocompromised) Lɛ wi tɔk bɔt dis!

Bɔku tɛm yu kin gɛt kol bɔt i nɔ kin dɔn insay sɔm dez? Ɔ yu kin fil lɛk se yu kin gɛt sik dɛn izi wan pas ɔda pipul dɛn? Sɔntɛm di ebul we yu bɔdi ebul fɔ fɛt sik dɛn, dat na fɔ mek yu nɔ ebul fɔ fɛt di sik, nɔ go ebul fɔ fɛt di sik. Wi kin kɔl dis `(Immunocompromised)` kɔndishɔn. Nɔ wɔri, lɛ wi tɔk bɔt dis ditayli.

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, wetin dɛn kɔl dis kɔndishɔn `(Immunocompromised)`?

Imajin se wi gɛt difens ami insay wi bɔdi, lɛk kɔntri. Dis ami de mek wi gɛt wɛlbɔdi bay we i de fɛt di jem dɛn we de mek wi gɛt sik frɔm ɔdasay. Wi kin kɔl dis di imyun sistɛm . So, bi ``Immunocompromised'' min se yu imyun sistεm nכ de wok fayn, dat min se i wik. Dɔn i nɔ kin ebul fɔ fɛt sik dɛn lɛk aw i fɔ fɛt.

Yu kin bɔn wit dis sik. Ɔ yu imyun sistɛm kin wik bikɔs ɔf sɔm infɛkshɔn, mɛrɛsin, tin dɛn lɛk kansa, ɔ ɔda wɛlbɔdi prɔblɛm dɛn ɔlsay na yu layf. Yu kin yɛri dis bak we dɛn kɔl ``Immunosuppression.'' Nɔto spɛshal tin we dɛn bɔn yu wit, bɔt na leta tritmɛnt ɔ sik we de mek yu imyun sistɛm go dɔŋ.

Aw yu go no if yu gɛt dis sik?

De men sayn dɛm fɔ dis na fɔ sik ɔltɛm ɛn tek lɔng tɛm fɔ wɛl we yu sik. Bɔt nɔto ɔlman we kin sik bɔku tɛm kin gɛt wik imyun sistɛm. De kayn sik wae yu kin gɛt impɔtant bak. Fɔ ɛgzampul, i kɔmɔn fɔ lɛ yɔŋ pikin dɛn gɛt kol ɔltɛm.

Bɔt if yu de gɛt baktriyal infɛkshɔn ɔltɛm, sik dɛn lɛk nyumonia, ɔ ɔda patikyula sik dɛn, dat kin bi sayn fɔ se yu imyun sistɛm nɔ de wok fayn. Insay wan stet we di imyun kɔmprɔmis, tin dɛn lɛk dis kin apin:

• Yu kin sik frɔm jem dɛm wae nɔrmal fɔ kip ɔda pipul dɛm fa wae nɔr de sik.
• Wan sik wae nɔr kin pasmak ɛn wae bɔrku pipul kin mɛn kin rili siriɔs fɔ yu.
• I kin tek lɔng tɛm fɔ mek i wɛl afta i sik.
• Yu kin gɛt prɔblɛm pas ɔda pipul dɛm frɔm sik (e.g., fɔ gɛt nyumonia afta yu gɛt vayrɔs we yu de blo).
• Sɔm vayral infɛkshɔn dɛn we dɔn klia bifo tɛm, fɔ ɛgzampul Epstein-Barr vayrɔs ɔ varicella-zoster vayrɔs (di vayrɔs we de mek pɔsin gɛt chukchuk), kin kam bak.
• Ivin if yu gɛt vaysin, yu bɔdi nɔ kin mek antibodi.

Yu nɔ go gɛt ɛni patikyula sayn bikɔs yu nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ imyun. Bɔt if yu gɛt sik we de mek yu gɛt dis sik (lɛk sɔm kayn kansa), yu kin gɛt sɔm sayn dɛn lɛk:

• Fɔ fil taya bad bad wan (Fatigue) .
• Nayt swet dɛn
• Fiva we kin kam bak
• We yu nɔ bin want fɔ lɔs yu wet
• Di limf no dɛm we dɔn swel

Speshal infεkshכn dεm we kin apin pan pipul dεm we dεn imyun sistεm wik

Sɔm infɛkshɔn dɛn de we pɔsin we gɛt wɛlbɔdi kin ebul fɔ fɛt ɛn win izi wan. Bɔt if yu gɛt dɛn kayn sik ya, dɔktɔ go tink se yu imyun sistɛm dɔn wik. Dɛn kayn infɛkshɔn ya na:

• Nyumocystis nyumonia (PCP) na wan kayn nyumonia.
• Simptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infεkshכn
• fכn infεkshכn dεm we de spre frכm di lכng dεm to כda pat dεm na di bכdi (e.g. coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis) .
• Baktri infekshɔn dɛn we kin kam bɔku tɛm
• Infεkshכn dεm we kin kam bכku tεm כ we kin de fכ lכng tεm lεk nyumonia, hεpi simpul, kampylobacter, כ sayklosporiasis.

Wetin na di tin dɛm wae kin mek dis sik wae de mek pɔrsin gɛt dis sik?

Bɔku tɛm, di men tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin in bɔdi wik na sɔm mɛrɛsin dɛn, di bad tin dɛn we sɔm mɛrɛsin dɛn kin du, ɛn tin dɛn lɛk fɔ transplant ɔgan ɔ stem sɛl. Ɔl dɛn tin ya kin mek yu imyun sistɛm wik difrɛn we dɛn.

Sik ɛn kɔndishɔn dɛn we de mek di imyun sistɛm wik

Sɔm sik dɛn kin pwɛl wi imyun sɛl ɔ afɛkt di we aw dɛn kin ebul fɔ mek dɛnsɛf fayn fayn wan. Dɛn kayn sik ya na:

• Praymari imyun sistɛm: Dis na ɛni sik we de mek yu imyun sistɛm wik, ilɛksɛf dɛn bɔn yu wit am ɔ if yu imyun sistɛm wik na yu bɔdi leta na layf.
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infεkshכn: Dis de atak di imyun sistεm dairekt wan.
• Kansa: Kansa wae gɛt fɔ du wit blɔd, mɔr lɛk lukimiya, limfoma, ɛn multiple myeloma, na di kansa dɛm wae kin afɛkt di imyun sistɛm. Bɔt ɔda kayn kansa kin afɛkt di imyun sistɛm bak.
• Dayabitis `(Dayabetis Mɛlitus)`
• Autoimyun sik dεm: Dis na we di imyun sistεm de atak di bכdi in כwn sεl dεm.
• Siklɔs sik sik
• Liva sirosis sik
• Vayral ɛpatitis (inflameshɔn na di liva) .

Semweso, di wan dɛn we nɔ gɛt taymus (we wi T sɛl dɛn, we na wan kayn imyun sɛl, machɔ) ɔ splin (wan ɔgan we gɛt ɛn kɔntrol wayt blɔd sɛl dɛn) dɛnsɛf nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ imyuniti.

Di mɛrɛsin ɛn tritmɛnt dɛn we de mek di bɔdi nɔ ebul fɔ fɛt di sik

Sɔm tritmɛnt dɛn lɛk redyushɔn tɛrapi ɛn kemotɛrapi fɔ kansa, kin mek di imyun sistɛm wik as sayd ɛfɛkt. Ɔda tritmɛnt dɛn de we de stɔp di imyun sistɛm as pat pan dɛn wok. Fɔ ɛgzampul, we yu transplant yu bon mɛrɔ, i kin pwɛl yu wan ol imyun sistɛm ɛn put wan we bɛtɛ pas am.

Bɔku mɛrɛsin fɔ ɔtoimyun sik dɛn kin wok bay we dɛn kin mek di imyun sistɛm wik, ɛn dis kin mek i nɔ atak di sɛl dɛn we gɛt wɛlbɔdi. wi kin kכl dεn mεdikeshכn dεm ya we de mek di imyun sistεm (we de rεdכks di aktiviti fכ di imyun sistεm) כ immunomodulatory mεdikeshכn (we de chenj di we aw di imyun sistεm de wok).

Sɔm mɛrɛsin ɛn mɛrɛsin dɛn we de mek pɔsin nɔ ebul fɔ fɛt di sik na:

• Bon mכro כ sכlid כgan transplant
• Kimotɛrapi
• Redyushɔn tɛrapi
• Kכtikostεroyd (e.g. prεdnison, prεdnisolon, dεksametazכn) .
• `Azatioprin (Imuran®)`
• ``Sayklɔspɔrin (Gengraf®, Niɔral®)''.
• `Haydroksiklorokin (Plaquenil®)`
• `Lɛflunomid (Arava®)`
• `Mεtכtrεksεt (Rεumatrεks®, Trεksal®)`
• ``Sulfasalazin (Azulfidin®)''.

Wetin na di sayd ɛfɛkt dɛm we dis kin gɛt?

We yu imyun sistɛm wik, yu de pan big risk fɔ gɛt prɔblɛm dɛn we go mek yu layf de pan denja frɔm infɛkshɔn. Bikɔs yu bɔdi nɔr kin ebul fɔ fɛt sik, infεkshɔn kin skata ɔlsay na yu bɔdi. Dis kin mek di ɔgan dɛn pwɛl, sepsis (wan sik we fiba blɔd pɔyzin), ɛn sɛptik shɔk (we blɔd prɛshɔn go dɔŋ bad bad wan). Ɔl dɛn tin ya kin kil pɔsin. If yu gɛt siriɔs prɔblɛm, go na di imejensi rum we de nia yu.

Aw dɔktɔ kin no dis?

Dɔktɔ dɛn kin no if yu gɛt di sik dɛn we de mek yu bɔdi nɔ ebul fɔ fɛt di sik ɛn di sik dɛn we de mek yu gɛt am bay we dɛn de chɛk yu blɔd ɛn yu bɔdi tisu dɛn. Dɛn kin yuz sɔm patikyula tɛst dɛn fɔ du dis:

• Kɔmplit blɔd kɔnt (CBC) .
• Antibodi tɛst we dɛn kin du
• Flɔ saytometri (we de kɔnt di imyun sɛl dɛn) .
• Jεnεtik tεst fכ luk fכ jεnεtik chenj dεm we de afekt imyuniti
• Urinalysis we dɛn kin du
• HIV tɛst we dɛn de du
• Limf node bayɔpsi
• Bɔn mɛrɔ bayɔpsi
• Liva bayɔpsi
• CT skan ɔ ɔda raydiolojikal tɛst dɛn

Aw yu kin trit pɔsin we nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ imyun sistɛm?

Di tritmɛnt fɔ di imyun sistɛm we wik, dipen pan di tin we mek i apin. Dɔktɔ dɛn kin trit sɔm ɔndalayn kɔndishɔn dɛn ɛn ɛp fɔ mek yu imyun sistɛm go bifo. Dɛn kayn tritmɛnt ya na:

• Antiretroviral therapy: Dɛn tritmɛnt ya kin ridyus di HIV na yu bɔdi bad bad wan. We i ridyus inof, i nɔ de afɛkt yu imyun sistɛm.
• Tritmɛnt fɔ kansa:Dɛn kin trit di kansa dɛn we kin afɛkt di imyun sistɛm wit kemotɛrapi, redyushɔn tɛrapi, ɛn imyunotɛrapi.
• Pegfilgrastim injεkshכn (Fulphila®, Neulasta®): If yu wayt blכd sεl kכnt rili sכm (neutropenia), dis injεkshכn de εp yu bכdi fכ mek mכr wayt blכd sεl dεm εn i de mek yu imyun sistεm strכng.
• Granulocyte transfyushɔn: Dis na blɔd transfyushɔn we nɔ kin apin so ɔltɛm fɔ siriɔs nyutropenia.
• Stem sel transplant: Dɛn kin du stem sɛl transplant fɔ mɛn ɔ kɔntrol sɔm sik dɛn we de mek di imyun sistɛm wik.

Ɔda tritmɛnt dɛn de we kin ɛp fɔ mek yu nɔ gɛt ɔr fɛt infɛkshɔn.

Fɔ trit infɛkshɔn we di imyuniti nɔ bɔku

If yu imyun sistɛm wik, yu nɔ go ebul fɔ wɛl wit mɛrɛsin dɛn we yu nɔ de bay we yu sik. Bɔku tɛm yu dɔktɔ go bigin fɔ gi yu antibayɔtik, antifɔngal, antivayrɔs, ɔ antiparasayt tritmɛnt wantɛm wantɛm, i go dipen pan di kayn infekshɔn.

Dɛn kin admit yu bak na ɔspitul fɔ ɛp fɔ fɛt di infekshɔn. Na de, dɛn kin gi yu tritmɛnt dɛn lɛk:

• Mɔnoklɔnal antibodi dɛn
• Plasma we de wɛl
• Intεrfεron gama injεkshכn dεm
• Imyun globulin we dɛn kin put insay di bɛlɛ (IVIG) .

Wetin yu fɔ ɛkspɛkt we yu de liv wit dis sik?

Nɔto ɔlman we gɛt wik imyun sistɛm na di sem. Fɔ sɔm, i kin bi smɔl chenj, bɔt fɔ ɔda pipul dɛn, i kin chenj dɛn wan ol layf.

Dɔn bak, sɔm pipul dɛn in immunity kin jɔs ridyus fɔ shɔt tɛm. Ɔda pipul dɛn kin nid mɛrɛsin ɔ sik dɛn we de mek dɛn bɔdi nɔ ebul fɔ fɛt dɛnsɛf fɔ ɔl dɛn layf. Tɔk to yu wɛlbɔdi tim bɔt wetin fɔ ɛkspɛkt bay yu kɔndishɔn.

In jɛnɛral, di luk fɔ pɔrsin wae gɛt wik imyun sistɛm kin dipen pan di ɔndalayn kɔz. Dɛn kin kɔntrol bɔku sik dɛn we kin mek di imyun sistɛm wik. Bɔt bɔku tɛm, i kin nid fɔ rili wach ɔl yu layf fɔ mek yu nɔ gɛt di sik ɔ fɔ go fɛn tritmɛnt we i apin.

Yu tink se dɛn go ebul fɔ stɔp dis?

Bɔrku pan di sik dɛm wae de mek pɔrsin nɔr de fil fayn nɔr kin ebul fɔ avɔyd. Bɔt fɔ avɔyd fɔ gɛt infɛkshɔn frɔm ɔda pipul dɛn na di bɛst we fɔ avɔyd siriɔs prɔblɛm dɛn. I kin ɛp bak fɔ protɛkt yusɛf frɔm sɔm sik dɛn we de mek yu bɔdi nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ wɛlbɔdi.

Yu kin du dɛn tin ya fɔ ridyus di risk fɔ gɛt di sik:

• We dɛn we sef: Was yu an ɔltɛm, du mami ɛn dadi biznɛs we sef, ɛn fala di we aw yu de it sef.
• Vaksin: Gɛt ɔl di vaysin dɛn we dɛn dɔn rɛkɔmɛnd fɔ yu. Sɔm vaysin kin mek pipul dɛm wae gɛt wik imyun sistɛm sik. So aks yu dɔktɔ bɔt us vaysin dɛn we fayn fɔ yu.
• Prɔfylaksis bifo ɛn afta yu dɔn gɛt di sik: If yu gɛt ay risk fɔ gɛt HIV, yu kin tek Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). If yu dɔn gɛt HIV, yu kin tek Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Sɔm opshɔn dɛn de bak fɔ profylaksis afta dɛn dɔn ɛksplɔz am fɔ Epataytis B.
• Limit exposure: Avɔyd pipul dɛm wae sik ɔr dɔn de wit pɔrsin wae sik. Go na di stoa ɛn bay tin fɔ it we pipul dɛn nɔ bɔku. Dis impɔtant mɔ insay kol ɛn flu sizin ɛn we COVID-19 infɛkshɔn bɔku.
• Start tritmɛnt kwik: Yu dɔktɔ kin gi yu antibayɔtik ɔ antifɔngal fɔ mek yu nɔ gɛt di sik.
• Test fɔ si if yu gɛt infɛkshɔn: Bifo yu bigin fɔ yuz di tritmɛnt we de mek yu nɔ gɛt di sik, yu dɔktɔ kin tɛst yu fɔ tin dɛn lɛk HIV, ɛpatitis, TB, fɔngal infɛkshɔn, ɛn parasayt infɛkshɔn.

Aw yu de kia fɔ yusɛf?

If yu imyun sistɛm wik, yu nid fɔ rili tek tɛm wit yu wɛlbɔdi. Ivin kɔmɔn kol kin mek yu sik bad bad wan. Apat frɔm we yu de tek spɛshal tin dɛn fɔ protɛkt yusɛf frɔm sik, sɔm ɔda we dɛn de we yu go tek kia ɔf yusɛf:

• Monitor yu hεlth: Aks yu dכkta us sayn dεm fכ infεkshכn yu fכ wach fכ εn wetin fכ du if yu gεt dεm. Fɔ ɛgzampul, fiva we pas wan patikyula tɛmpracha, simptom dɛn we de kɔntinyu, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn.
• Plan bifo tɛm: Kip mask ɛn han sɛnitayza nia yu. We yu de travul, no usay fɔ gɛt dɔktɔ ɛp ɛnisay we yu go. Sɔm pipul dɛn kin kɛr kad we de sho se dɛn nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ imyun sistɛm.
• Tɛl di wan dɛn we yu lɛk: Tɔk to yu fambul ɛn padi dɛn bɔt aw fɔ tek tɛm. Dɛn nid fɔ ɔndastand se dɛn kin ɛp fɔ mek yu gɛt wɛlbɔdi. If dɛn fil se dɛn sik, dɛn nid fɔ tɛl yu bifo dɛn si yu.
• Mek plan wit yu skul/wokples: Tɔk to yu kɔmni in pipul risɔs dipatmɛnt ɔ skul (if yu pikin in skul) bɔt ɛni chenj we yu nid fɔ mek fɔ mek yu gɛt wɛlbɔdi ɛn sef. Yu kin nid fɔ wok wit yu dɔktɔ fɔ kam wit wan plan we de tɔk mɔ bɔt ɔda ples fɔ slip fɔ we yu ɔ yu pikin nɔ go ebul fɔ go wok/skul.
• Tɔk to yu dɔktɔ opin wan: Sɔm pipul dɛn kin avɔyd fɔ go na dɔktɔ bikɔs dɛn kin fred fɔ de nia ɔda pipul dɛn. Tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bɔt di bɛst we fɔ gɛt mɛrɛsin ɛn nɔ gɛt ɛni prɔblɛm. Si if yu kin schedul fɔ go na di vayrɔyal visit (lɛk vidio kɔl) ɔ fɔ apɔntin di tɛm we pipul dɛn nɔ de wok.
• Si if chenj na yu layf kin ɛp: Aks yu dɔktɔ if ɛksesaiz ɔ it kin mek difrɛns to yu imyun wɛlbɔdi.
• Yu fɔ put yu maynd wɛlbɔdi fɔs: If yu de kia fɔ yu bɔdi ɔltɛm, dat kin afɛkt yu maynd wɛlbɔdi bak.We yu tɔk to pɔsin we de advays yu bɔt yu maynd, fɔ waka ɛvride, ɛn ɔda we dɛn fɔ kia fɔ yusɛf, dat kin ɛp fɔ mek yu nɔ strɛs. Dat kin ɛp bak yu imyun sistɛm.

Us tɛm a nid fɔ si dɔktɔ/go na ɔspitul?

Tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bɔt ustɛm yu fɔ si dɛn bak if yu gɛt wikɛd imyun sistɛm, ɛn wetin fɔ du if yu tink se yu gɛt infekshɔn. Dɛn kin tɛl yu fɔ go stret na di imejensi rum if yu gɛt sɔm sayn dɛn. Bɔku tin kin dipen pan yu patikyula sityueshɔn, bɔt i bɛtɛ fɔ mek dɛn chɛk yu if yu de wɔri bɔt sɔntin.

Ustɛm yu fɔ go na di Imejɛnsi Tritmɛnt Yunit (ETU) ?

Aks yu dɔktɔ us sayn fɔ wach ɛn ustɛm fɔ go na di imejensi rum. Ɔltɛm go na di ER if yu gɛt sayn fɔ se yu gɛt siriɔs infɛkshɔn:

• Fiva (bɔku tɛm, ɛni tɛmpracha pas 100.4 Fahrenheit/38 Celsius)
• Kɔnfyushɔn ɔ chenj di we aw pɔsin de tink
• Di ed we de at bad bad wan
• Nek stiffness
• Fɔ vɔmit ɔ dayarɛa ɔltɛm
• If di wund rɛd, swel, i de pen, i de kɔmɔt na di pus, ɔ i wam we yu tɔch am

Us kwɛstyɔn dɛn yu fɔ aks di dɔktɔ?

I go fayn fɔ aks yu dɔktɔ kwɛstyɔn dɛn lɛk dɛn wan ya:

• Aw lɔŋ a go bi ``immunocompromised''? Dis na fɔ shɔt tɛm ɔ fɔ ɔltɛm?
• Us step a kin tek fɔ protɛkt misɛf frɔm infɛkshɔn?
• Us sayn dɛn fɔ se a gɛt di sik a fɔ luk fɔ?
• Ustɛm a fɔ go na di imejensi rum?
• Ustɛm a fɔ si yu bak?

Pipul kin bi ``immunocompromised`` fכ difrεn rizin dεm. Yu ɛkspiriɛns kin difrɛn frɔm ɔda pɔsin in ɛkspiriɛns. Sɔntɛm yu de rid dis bifo yu bigin fɔ tek mɛrɛsin we de mek yu nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ trɛnk, yu de op se i nɔ go stɔp yu fɔ du di tin dɛn we yu lɛk. Sɔntɛm yu de na ɔspitul, wit ɔda infɛkshɔn, de wɔnda wetin go apin tumara bambay. Ɔ sɔntɛm yu pikin na ``immunocompromised``, ɛn yu de tray fɔ mek di wɔl biliv se yu famili nɔ de ɛva "jɔs" gɛt kol.

Wan tin we ɔlman we gɛt wik imyun sistɛm gɛt fɔ du wit na dat dɛn fɔ chenj ɛn tek tɛm we ɔda pipul dɛn nɔ go want fɔ mek. I kin tranga fɔ ɛksplen aw yu de du wɛl bɔdi to ɔda pipul dɛn. Lian pan yu mɛdikal tim. Dɛn kin gɛt advays fɔ sɔpɔt grup ɛn ɔda we dɛn fɔ mek yu sef ɛn gɛt wɛlbɔdi.

If pɔrsin wae yu sabi gɛt immunocompromised, lisin to wetin dɛn nid. Du wetin dɛn aks yu fɔ du fɔ ɛp fɔ protɛkt dɛn maynd ɛn bɔdi wɛlbɔdi.

Tin dɛn we yu nid fɔ no (Take-Home Message) .

Fɔ gɛt lɔw imyun sistɛm nɔto sɔntin fɔ fred, bɔt i rili impɔtant fɔ no bɔt am ɛn tek di step dɛn we yu nid.

• If yu kin sik ɔltɛm ɔ if yu sik kin tek lɔng tɛm fɔ wɛl, go to dɔktɔ.
• Difrɛn rizin dɛn de we mek di imyuniti kin go dɔŋ; ɔndastand dat.
• Fɔ fala di dɔktɔ in tritmɛnt ɛn instrɔkshɔn dɛn di rayt we.
• Du ɔl wetin yu ebul fɔ protɛkt yusɛf frɔm infɛkshɔn. Mek am yu abit fɔ was yu an ɛn avɔyd ples dɛn we pipul dɛn kin bɔku.
• Yu maynd wɛlbɔdi bak rili impɔtant. Nɔ shem fɔ gɛt ɛp if yu nid am.
• Nɔto yu wan de. Dɔktɔ dɛn, fambul dɛn, ɛn padi dɛn de fɔ ɛp yu.

Mɛmba se dis infɔmeshɔn na fɔ infɔmeshɔn nɔmɔ. If yu gɛt ɛnitin fɔ wɔri bɔt yu wɛlbɔdi biznɛs, duya go to dɔktɔ.

` Immunocompromised, immunosuppression, sik we de kam ɔltɛm, imyun sistɛm, infɛkshɔn, tritmɛnt