Tide wi go tɔk bɔt di smɔl smɔl tin dɛn we de protɛkt wi bɔdi: Polyclonal Antibodies!

Yu dɔn ɛva yɛri di wɔd dɛn ‘Polyclonal Antibodies’? Sɔntɛm yu yɛri dɔktɔ se am, ɔ yu rid am na buk ɔ nyuspepa sɔmsay. Pan ɔl we dis kin tan lɛk smɔl sayɛns wɔd ɛn at fɔ ɔndastand, fɔ tru, na sɔntin we rili, rili impɔtant fɔ wi bɔdi in wɛlbɔdi ɛn fɔ protɛkt wi frɔm sik dɛn. So tide wi go tɔk bɔt wetin na dɛn polyclonal antibodies ya, aw dɛn de wok insay wi bɔdi, aw dɛn yusful fɔ wi, ɛn wetin na dɛn bɛnifit ɛn bad tin dɛn, jɔs, lɛk se wi de tɛl gud padi ɔ fambul mɛmba. Rɛdi?

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, wetin na dɛn polyclonal antibodies ya?

Okay, fɔs lɛ wi ɔndastand klia wan wetin na dɛn Polyclonal Antibodies ya. Yu mɛmba, we wi bɔdi sik, dat min se we sɔntin lɛk jem kam insay, wi kin gɛt spɛshal pat dɛn na wi bɔdi we de fɛt am. Na dat wi kin kɔl antibodies. Dɛn pipul ya tan lɛk smɔl gad ɔ sojaman dɛn na wi bɔdi. Dɛn prɔtin ya we dɛn kɔl antibodi na wi bɔdi de mek dɛn spɛshal wan fɔ fɛt sik ɛn jem ɛn protɛkt wi.

naw dεn antibodi dεm ya de kכmכt frכm wan spεsifi k tכp sεl we dεn kכl `(Plasma B sεl dεm)`. di wכd ``polyclonal'' min ``frכm bכku difrεn tכp dεm'' (poly = bכku, klonal = laynej/tayp dεm). dat min se dεn polyclonal antibodi dεm ya nכto di sem tכp, dεn nכ kכmכt frכm di sem mכld. na wan kכlekshכn fכ antibodi dεm we kכmכt frכm difrεn plasma B sεl layn dεm (`laynej`), εn we difrεn sכmtεm frכm wan an. Tink bɔt am lɛk wan grup we gɛt sojaman dɛn we kɔmɔt na difrɛn rejimɛnt dɛn na di sem ami.

Dɔn ɛni wan pan dɛn antibodi ya, ɔ difrɛn sojaman dɛn, kin no difrɛn pat dɛn na di sem antijen. Naw yu aks, "Wetin na antijen?" Tink bɔt am lɛk smɔl ‘lɛbul’ ɔ ‘flag’ pan wan jem, pɔlin, ɔ ɔda prɔtin we wi nɔ no we de kam insay wi bɔdi. bay we wi luk dis lεbul, wi imyun sistεm, wi bכdi in difεns sistεm, de no if na wi yon (`sεf`) כ fכrin εnimi (`nכn-sεf`). I tan lɛk ɛnimi in yunifom, ɔ ɛnimi ami in flag.

so, dεn polyklonal antibodi dεm ya na difrεn sojaman dεm (antibodi dεm) we kin no difrεn εmblem dεm, difrεn shep dεm (wi sayɛnsli kכl dεn `epitopes` ) pan di yunifכm כ flag fכ di sem εnimi (antigen). Yu ɔndastand? I tan lɛk wan tim we gɛt sɛns sojaman dɛn we kin atak di sem ɛnimi frɔm difrɛn say dɛn.

We mɔtalman ɛn ɔda animal dɛn sik, dat na we dɛn gɛt infɛkshɔn, dɛn polyklɔnal antibodi ya kin kɔmɔt na dɛn bɔdi na dɛn bɔdi. Bɔt bɔku tɛm dɛn kin gɛt di polyclonal antibodies we dɛn kin yuz fɔ du mɛdikal risach ɛn sɔm tritmɛnt dɛn frɔm mami ɛn dadi biznɛs lɛk rɔbish, ship, ɛn got. Sɔntɛnde, dɛn kin gɛt dɛn bak frɔm pipul dɛn we dɔn wɛl frɔm sɔm sik dɛn in blɔd.

Aw dɛn polyclonal antibodies ya kin rili wok?

Naw lɛ wi si aw dɛn polyclonal antibodies ya de wok na wi bɔdi, aw dɛn de fɛt. We yu gɛt vayrɔs, baktri, ɔ ɔda jem (pathogen) insay yu bɔdi, yu imyun sistɛm kin mek antibodi fɔ fɛt dɛn.

dis jεm dεm gεt di antijen dεm we wi bin tכk bכt fכs na dεn sכfa. di antibodi dεm (wi sojaman dεm) de no dεn antijen dεm ya εn tay dεm. εvri antibodi de tay pan wan spεsifi k antijen nכmכ. In ɔda wɔd dɛn, ɛni ki fit fɔ wan patikyula lɔk nɔmɔ. we wan antibodi tay pan wan antijen, i de sεnd signal to di rεst כf di imyun sistεm, se, "Na εnimi de ya, naw pwεl am."

bכt, ivin fכ wan antijen, difrεn ples dεm kin de usay di antibodi de atak, lεk di kihol fכ tכt. wi kכl dεn spεsifi k binding sayt dεm ya `(epitopes)`. So di poliklonal antibodi dεm we de insay yu bכdi, כ insay di kכnsantreyt sכlushכn dεm (`sεrum`) we dεn gi fכ mεdikal tritmεnt, na kכlekshכn fכ difrεn antibodi dεm. εvri wan pan dεn antibodi dεm ya kin no εn biεn difrεn `(epitopes)` (difrεn binding sayt dεm) pan da antijen de. In ɔda wɔd dɛn, i tan lɛk sɔm difrɛn tim dɛn we gɛt sojaman dɛn we de wok di sem tɛm fɔ kech di sem ɛnimi.

Imajin, big ɛnimi de. If yu nɔ jɔs ebul fɔ ol da ɛnimi de na wan ples, bɔt na bɔku say dɛn wan tɛm, lɛk in an, in leg, in ed, ɛn in kɔla, di chans fɔ kɔntrol di ɛnimi ɛn mek i nɔ ebul fɔ du am, go bɔku pasmak. Na so di polyclonal antibodi dεm de wok. difrεn kayn antibodi dεm (`lineages`) de gi di imyun sistεm bכku chans fכ no, atak, εn kech di jεm dεm. Dis kin mek wi bɔdi in difens dɛn strɔng mɔ ɛn mɔ.

Wetin wi de yuz polyclonal antibodies fɔ?

Dɛn polyclonal antibodies ya we wi kin mek na wi bɔdi na wi bɔdi, dɛn kin yuz dɛn bak na mɛrɛsin fɔ bɔku impɔtant tin dɛn. Lɛ wi tek wan luk pan wetin dɛn bi:

• Fɔ no if yu gɛt sik: Sɔm tɛst dɛn de we yu kin du na lɛbɔtri we yu go dɔn yɛri bɔt, lɛk di ELISA tɛst ɛn di Immunohistochemistry tɛst. dis tεst dεm de yuz polyklonal antibodi dεm fכ no difrεn infεkshכn sik dεm (e.g. HIV, epataytis) εn kεnsar. Dat min se dɛn kin no if blɔd sɛmpul gɛt antijen we spɛshal fɔ di sik.

• Sayɛns risach: Risach pipul dɛn kin yuz dɛn polyclonal antibodies ya fɔ ɔndastand aw wi bɔdi de wok, aw difrɛn sɛl dɛn de wok, aw sik dɛn kin afɛkt wi, ɛn fɔ fɛn nyu mɛrɛsin dɛn. Dɛn tan lɛk tul dɛn we de ɛp sayɛnsman dɛn fɔ "si" tin dɛn we pɔsin nɔ de si.

• Fɔ trit ɔ fɔ protɛkt sik dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt ɛn sɔm wɛlbɔdi prɔblɛm dɛn:Polyclonal antibodies kin trit ɛn, sɔm tɛm, dɛn kin mek dɛn nɔ tek sɔm drɔgs pasmak, snek we gɛt pɔyzin bayt, ɛn sɔm sik dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit blɔd.

Wetin na di tritmɛnt dɛm we dɛn kin yuz wit polyclonal antibodies?

Lɛ wi tek tɛm luk sɔm pan di tritmɛnt dɛm we dɛn kin yuz polyclonal antibodies:

• sכ m antivenom dεm gεt polyklonal antibodi dεm. Dɛn kin mek dɛn tin ya bay we dɛn kin put smɔl smɔl snek pɔyzin insay animal dɛn lɛk ɔs, dɔn dɛn kin klin di antibodi dɛn we dɛn animal dɛn de mek. We snek bit yu, di antibodi dɛm we de na di antibodi dɛm kin go ɛn neutralize di venom.

• Convalescent plasma: Yu go dɔn yɛri bɔt dis di tɛm we COVID-19 pandemik de. We sɔm siriɔs sik dɛn we kin kam pan pɔsin kin kam, dɛn kin gi di wan dɛn we sik plasma (di wata we de na di blɔd) we dɛn tek frɔm di blɔd fɔ pipul dɛn we dɔn wɛl frɔm da sik de. Na bikɔs da plasma de gɛt polyclonal antibodies we dɛn bɔdi dɔn mek agens da sik de. We dɛn antibodi ya go insay di pɔsin in bɔdi, dɛn kin ɛp fɔ fɛt di sik.

• Digoxin immune fab: Dis na vaysin we dɛn kin gi if pɔsin tek di at drɔg we dɛn kɔl digoxin pasmak. dis kin gεt bak polyklonal antibodi dεm we dεn mek εgεst di digoxin mכlekyul.

• Rho(D) imyun globulin: dεn kכl dis bak `RhIG`, εn yu kin si am bak we dεn rayt am as `Rh 0 (D)`. dis dεn kin gi bεlε mama dεm we gεt `Rh-negative` bכdi tכp. di rizin fכ dis na if di mama in bכdi na `Rh-negative` εn di pikin in bכdi na `Rh-positiv`, di mama in bכdi kin divεlכp antibodi dεm we de agens di pikin in bכdi. pan tap we dis nכ kin afekt di fכs pikin, we dεn bכn sεkכn `Rh-positiv` pikin, dεn antibodi dεm de kin du bad to di pikin. dis dεn kכl am `(Rhesus isoimmunization)` (Rhesus inkompatibiliti). Dis na wetin dɛn kin gi di `Rho(D)` vaysin fɔ mek i nɔ apin. dεn kin gi am bak as tritmεnt fכ `(Chronic immune thrombocytopenia)` כ `(ITP)`, we na wan kכndishכn we di pletlet dεm na di bכdi de rεdכks.

Wetin na di difrɛns bitwin polyklɔnal ɛn monoklɔnal antibodi dɛm?

Okay, naw yu kin gɛt smɔl kwɛstyɔn. wan kayn de bak we dεn kכl ‘Monoclonal Antibodies’, wetin na di difrεns bitwin dεn wan ya εn dεn polyclonal antibodies ya? Dɛn tu na antibodi, ɛn dɛn ɔl tu na antijen. Bɔt sɔm impɔtant tin dɛn de we difrɛn.

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan:

• Pכliklכnal Antibodi dεm: dεn ya kכmכt frכm difrεn B sεl layn dεm. so dεn kin no εn biεn plεnti difrεn `(εpitop)` (sayt dεm we de biεn) pan di sem antijen. I tan lɛk wan tim we gɛt sojaman dɛn we gɛt difrɛn spɛshal wok dɛn ɛn difrɛn wɛpɔn dɛn. Dɛn kin atak di sem ɛnimi frɔm difrɛn say dɛn.

• Monoclonal Antibodies: dis na ``eksakt kכpi`` fכ wan antibodi. Dat min se na wan B sɛl layn de mek dɛn. fכ dat, dεn de no εn tay to wan ``εpitop`` nכmכ. Lɛk sojaman dɛn we dɛn dɔn klon we de yuz di sem kayn wɛpɔn, na wan target nɔmɔ atak.

Fɔ mɛrɛsin, bɔku tɛm dɛn kin gɛt polyclonal antibodies frɔm animal dɛn lɛk rɔbish, got, ɛn ship in blɔd. sכmtεm dεn kin gεt dεm bak frכm mכtalman (e.g., di plasma fכ di sik pipul dεm we dεn rεkכv). fכs dεn kin gεt monoklonal antibodi dεm frכm di animal dεm in blכd εn afta dat dεn kin riprodyuz dεm na lab. naw, dεn de yuz mכnoklכnal antibodi dεm pas polyklכnal antibodi dεm na mεdikal tritmεnt, spεshal fכ sik dεm lεk kεnsar, biכs dεn de mכr spεsifi k pan dεn tכgεt.

Wetin na di bɛnifit dɛn we di polyclonal antibodies gɛt?

So wetin na di advantej dεm fכ dεn polyclonal antibodi dεm ya? Wetin mek wi stil de yuz dɛn?

• Di kɔst fɔ prodakshɔn rili smɔl. I shɔt fɔ mek dɛn tin ya pas fɔ mek monoklɔnal antibodi.
• dis kin no di antijen dεm na wan sεmpl na rili lכw lεvεl, ivin if dεn de na rili lכw lεvεl. Bikɔs difrɛn antibodi dɛn de wok togɛda, ivin if dɛn mis wan, chans de fɔ mek dɛn kech ɔda wan.
• di ovala abiliti fכ no wan antijen de hכy. biכs bכku antibodi dεm de we kin biεn difrεn ``εpitop'' dεm, di prכbabiliti fכ no wan antijen hכy, ivin if in shep difrεn sכmtεm.

Ɛni bad tin dɛn de we kin apin da tɛm de?

di advantej εn disavantej dεm de fכ dεn polyklonal antibodi dεm ya. I fayn fɔ no wetin dɛn bi.

• Bikɔs dɛn tin ya kɔmɔt frɔm natura l sɔs (we na mɔtalman ɔ animal blɔd), dɛn nɔ kin kɔnsistɛns pan kwaliti ɛn kɔmpɔzishɔn frɔm wan batch to di ɔda wan, dɛn nɔ tan lɛk drɔgs dɛn we dɛn mek na lɛbɔtri. dis min se sכm difrεns kin de bitwin di antibodi miksכp we dεn prodyuz wan tεm εn di miksכp we dεn prodyuz כda tεm. So, di we aw i kin wok kin difrɛn smɔl bak.
• wit monoklonal antibodi dεm, i de hכy risk fכ kכros-riaktiviti. dat min se, chans de fכ di tכgεt antijen go biεn כda antijen (wan we wi nכ want). Dis kin mek prɔblɛm dɛn we dɛn de du tɛst ɔ risach. Fɔ ɛgzampul, lay lay pɔsitiv tin dɛn kin apin. Dat min se pɔrsin wae nɔr gɛt dis sik kin gɛt rizɔlt wae tan lɛk se dɛn gɛt di sik. So, if pɔsitiv rizɔlt kam bak, lɛk siriɔs sik dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt, dɔktɔ dɛn kin gɛt fɔ du mɔ tɛst fɔ no if i gɛt am.
• we dεn yuz polyclonal antibodies frכm animal fכ mεdikal tritmεnt, i kin bכku risk fכ alerjik כ כda sayd ifekt dεm, biכs dεn animal protin dεm ya na fכrin to wi bכdi.

Fɔ dɔn, di tin dɛn we impɔtant pas ɔl we yu fɔ mɛmba

So, yu go dɔn ɔndastand naw se polyclonal antibodies na rili impɔtant pat pan wi bɔdi in imyun sistɛm, ɛn dɛn rili impɔtant na mɛdikal sayɛns fɔ risach, fɔ no di sik, ɛn sɔm patikyula tritmɛnt dɛm.

Dɛn kin yuz dɛn tin ya fɔ du risach ɛn fɔ du tɛst fɔ no if pɔsin gɛt sik. Bɔt if yu gɛt bɛlɛ ɛn yu gɛt Rh-negativ blɔd tayp (yu dɔktɔ go tɛl yu bɔt dis), if yu gɛt siriɔs infɛkshɔn sik (lɛk difteria), if snek dɔn bit yu, ɔ if yu gɛt wan sik lɛk chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), dɛn kin gi yu tritmɛnt we gɛt polyclonal antibodies.

If yu gɛt ɛni ɔda kwɛstyɔn ɔ wɔri bɔt dis, nɔ shek fɔ aks yu dɔktɔ ɔ nɔs. Dɛn go ɛksplen dɛn tin ya to yu mɔ. Bikɔs fɔ tɛl yu bɔt yu wɛlbɔdi biznɛs ɛn di tritmɛnt dɛn we yu de gɛt na wan pan di bɛst tin dɛn we go mek yu gɛt wɛlbɔdi ɛn gladi at!

` Poliklonal Antibodi, Antibodi, Imyun Sistem, Antijen, Epitop, Diagnosis, Mεdikal Tritmεnt