Yu ed de spin we yu si di UFR Ripɔt?

"Dɔkta, a bin gɛt UFR (Urine Full Report) we dɛn du bikɔs ɔf di simptom dɛm fɔ urinary tract infection. I rayt 'Albumin Positive', 'Pus Cells 15-20' ɛn 'Epithelial Cells ++'. A bin fred we a si dɛn wan ya, Dɔkta. Mi kidni dɛn dɔn rili damej?" Tharushi we ol 23 ia kam na wi klinik wit in urine ripɔt na in an, i bin rili fred ɛn wɔri.

Infakt, we yu pik wan Urine Full Report (UFR) ripɔt, bɔku pipul dɛn kin kɔnfyus wit di mɛdikal wɔd dɛn, Latin nem dɛn, ɛn di simbul dɛn we de insay. bכt di nכmba fכ di pus sεl dεm (Pus Cells / WBC) na Tharushi in ripot dεn dכn inkrεs to 15-20 de sho se wan simpul baktri infεkshכn (UTI) de na di urinary tract. we infεkshכn de, i nכmal fכ di protin albumin fכ lik kכmכt na di urine εn di εpitεlial sεl dεm kכmכt na di wכl dεm na di urinary tract.

Insay dis atikul, wi go tɔk bɔt ɔda sayɛns tin dɛn we de insay wan UFR ripɔt ɛn aw fɔ rid ɛn ɔndastand am jɔs ɛn nɔ vɛks.

Fɔs, wi kin luk tin dɛn we di yay kin si! (Makroskɔpik) .

Di lab staf go tek di botul urine we yu gi dem en fos jos luk am. I tan lɛk se yu de luk wan glas we gɛt wata.

#### Wetin kɔlɔ min? (Kɔlɔ)

• Nɔmal: Pale yellow if yu dɔn de drink bɔku wata. If yu dɔn de drink smɔl, i kin tɔn amber dak smɔl. Dat na nɔmal tin.
• If difrɛns de:
• If i rɛd smɔl, i kin bi blɔd na di urine (bɔt i kin apin bak afta yu it sɔntin lɛk bitrut).
• Dak brawn kɔlɔ kin mek pipul dɛn tink smɔl se i kin bi liva sik.
• Di kɔlɔ fɔ di urine kin chenj bak bikɔs dɛn de yuz sɔm mɛrɛsin dɛn.

#### Di wata klia lɛk glas? Yu tink se i gɛt klawd? (Apɛns/Klari)

• Nɔmal: Gud urine sampul kin klia, lɛk klin wata.
• If difrεns de: If di urine klawd/turbid, lεk we yu put sכm grכn insay wan glas wata, i kin min se כda tin de insay - lεk pus sεl, baktri, כ sεl fragmεnt. Bɔku tɛm dis kin bi sayn fɔ se pɔsin gɛt di sik.

#### I tan lɛk wata? Yu tink se i tik? (Spɛsifi k Graviti - Sp. Gr.)

• dis de mכsu aw yu de kכmpεr yu urine ‘tik’ (tik) wit wata. Insay mɛrɛsin, dɛn kin kɔl dis spɛshal graviti. We di bɔdi lɔs wata, di urine kin tik, ɛn we di bɔdi lɔs wata, i kin tan lɛk tin.
• If difrɛns de: If dis tik we nɔ kɔmɔn (high value), yu kin gɛt dayabitis ɔ yu kin gɛt siriɔs wata we de kɔmɔt na yu bɔdi. If i tu wata (low value), yu kin nid fɔ chɛk if di kidni dɛn nɔ de kɔnsɛntret di urine fayn fayn wan.

Neks, wetin yu si wit da pepa we de chenj in kɔlɔ (Chemical/Dipstick) .

Naw, dɛn kin put da spɛshal pepa de (dipstik) na di urine ɛn luk am. Dɛn kin lan bɔku mɔ tin dɛn bay we dɛn de wach aw di kɔlɔ de chenj na difrɛn say dɛn.

#### Asid? Men? (pH) .

I de mכsu if di urine na mכr asid כ mכr bεsik. Dis kin chenj wit wetin yu de it ɛn drink. I kin ɛp bak fɔ gɛt aydia bɔt tin dɛn lɛk ston na yu urinary ɛn infɛkshɔn.

#### Wetin mek i nɔ fayn fɔ gɛt prɔtin? (Protɛin) .

• Pɔsin we gɛt wɛlbɔdi in urine nɔ fɔ gɛt prɔtin (espɛshali albumin) (Negative/Nil).
• sכm positifu/trays risכlt min se i go bi se prכblεm de wit di kidni in filtrεshכn sistεm (Glomerulus).

#### Wetin i min fɔ gɛt shuga (glukɔs)? (Glukɔs) .

• dis nכ kin de na di urine atכl (Nεgεtiv/Nil).
• If shuga de na di urine (positiv), dɛn kin gɛt strɔng saspek fɔ gɛt dayabitis. We di shuga na di bɔdi de bɔku, di kidni dɛn nɔ kin ebul fɔ tek ɔltin bak ɛn i kin pas insay di urine.

#### Aw di ketɔn dɛn kin kam? (Kɛton dɛn) .

• We di bɔdi nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ shuga (we dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ kɔntrol dayabitis, we yu de fast fɔ lɔng tɛm, we yu de vɔmit ɔltɛm), di bɔdi kin bɔn di fat we dɛn dɔn kip fɔ gɛt ɛnaji. Wan bayprodukt fכ dis na di kεtכn dεm.
• nכmal wan, di kεtכn dεm nכ de de (nεgεtiv). If dɛn de, dɛn fɔ chɛk wetin mek dɛn du am wantɛm wantɛm.

#### Wetin bilirubin / urobilinogen min na di liva? (Bilirubin / Yurobilinɔjen) .

dis tu valyu dεm de sho dairekt wan se di liva de wok. If abnɔmal tin dɛn de pan dɛn tin ya, i nid fɔ tink bɔt wan kɔndishɔn lɛk liva sik ɔ janda.

#### Na tru tru blɔd de? (Blɔd)

• Ivin if di urine nɔ tan lɛk rɛd, dis kemikal tɛst kin no if ivin smɔl smɔl blɔd de de.
• If i de (positiv), i kin bi infεkshכn, ston na yu urinary, כ kidni prכblεm.

#### Tu sayn dεm fכ infεkshכn (Leukocyte Esterase & Nitrites)

di prεsεns fכ dεn tu (Leukocyte Esterase εn Nitrites) kin bi gud indikεshכn fכ urinary tract infection (UTI), biכs we di infεkshכn de, wayt bכdi sεl dεm (Leukocytes) εn sכm baktri dεm (we de prodyuz Nitrites) de de insay bכku nכmba.

Fɔ dɔn, fɔ luk fɔ smɔl smɔl tin dɛn ɔnda maykroskɔp (Microscopic) .

fכ finish, dεn de sεntrifug di urine sεmpl εn dεn de egzamin di sεdimεnt we dεn kכlekt na di bכtכm כnda maykroskכp. Na dis say dɛn kin kech di smɔl smɔl tin dɛn we pɔsin nɔ kin si wit in yay.

#### Bɔku rɛd blɔd sɛl (RBC) de? (Rɛd Blɔd Sɛl dɛn) .

• ivin if di yay nכ de sho rεd, yu kin si fכ rεd sεl dεm (nכmal 0-3) כnda maykroskכp.
• Bɔt if i pas dat, dat min se fɔ tru, blɔd de kɔmɔt wit di urine.

#### Wait Blɔd Sɛl / Pus Sɛl (WBC) na fɛt? (Wayt Blɔd Sɛl / Pus Sɛl)

• Dis na di sojaman dɛn na wi bɔdi! Dɛn sɛl ya (we dɛn kin kɔl bak mast sɛl) kin bɔku we wi de fɛt wan infɛkshɔn.
• Nɔmal nɔ pas 5. Ɛnitin we ay pas dat min se fɛt de go bifo wit baktri dɛm na di urinary tract.

#### Wetin na dɛn epithelial cells we dɔn kɔmɔt na di wɔl?

• dis na nכmal sεl dεm we jכs kכmכt na di wכl dεm na di urinary tract. I fayn fɔ gɛt sɔm ɛpitel sɛl dɛn.
• Bɔt if bɔku sɛl dɛn de na di kidni tubul dɛn, dat kin bi sayn fɔ sho se sɔntin nɔ de apin to di kidni dɛn.

#### Wai yu de luk pan 'Casts' lek jelly tubes?

• Dɛn tin ya spɛshal smɔl. dis ‘kast’ dεm de fכm we di protin dεm כ sεl dεm de kכmכt insay di shep fכ di sכm sכm tכb dεm we de insay di kidni dεm.
• difrεn kayn kכst dεm (lεk RBC kכst, WBC kכst) dεn ripot fכ sho se di kidni tisu dεm dεm dεm. We dɛn de de, dat kin bi sayn fɔ se yu gɛt prɔblɛm wit yu kidni.

#### Wetin mek 'krɔs' lɛk sɔl grens de apia?

• sכm sכm pat dεm we lεk sכl we de fכm bay di kεmikכl dεm we dεn sכlv insay urine.
• kristכl dεm lεk kalsiכm כksalet dεn kin si we di bכdi nכ gεt wata. Bɔt if dɛn bɔku, dat kin mek yu gɛt ston na yu kidni.

#### Ɛni smɔl smɔl tin dɛn de (baktri, yist)? (Baktri, Yist, Parasayt)

• di nכmal urine nכ gεt mכtalman lεk baktri כ yist.
• If i de, na klia sayn fɔ se yu gɛt di sik.

🚨 Rɛd Flag dɛn na wan UFR Ripɔt we dɛn fɔ tek kia ɔf wantɛm wantɛm

If dɛn valyu ya nɔrmal pan UFR ripɔt, na kɔndishɔn we nid fɔ go to dɔktɔ wantɛm wantɛm:

• di ay rεd blכd sεl (RBC) kכnt: RBC kכnt we pas 5 pan maykroskכpik egzamin (i kin bi sayn fכ ston na di urinary tract, kansa, כ nεfrayt).
• di hכy protin we de kכmכt (Protein ++ כ +++): di protin we de kכmכt pasmak na di urine (dis na sayn fכ nεfrotik sεndrכm כ di kidni dεm we dεn dכn pwεl).
• di prεsεns fכ di kכst dεm: εspεshali di prεsεns fכ di RBC kכst dεm (we de sho se di kidni tisu dεm dεm dεm dayrekt).
• di prεsεns fכ di kεtכn dεm na di urine wit glukכs: Dis na sayn fכ dayabεtik kεtoasidכsis, wan kכndyushכn we kin kil we kin apin we dayabεtis nכ de kכntrol.

🛠️ Akshɔn Step fɔ gi kɔrɛkt urine sampul ɛn fɔ tritmɛnt

• Step 1: We yu de gi yu urine sεmpl, gi yu wan mid-strim urine spεshal כltεm. We yu bigin fɔ pis, na di urine nɔmɔ we de kɔmɔt na di midul pan di strim, nɔ gɛt di fɔs ɛn las pat.
• Step 2: Bifo yu gɛda di sampul, was ɛn was di say wit klin wata (nɔ yuz disinfɛktant likwid, bikɔs i kin kil baktri dɛm ɛn mek dɛn ripɔt kɔrɛkt).
• Step Tri: If di UFR ripɔt sho se di pus sɛl dɛn bɔku, go to dɔktɔ wantɛm wantɛm ɛn mek dɛn du di urine kɔlchɔ.
• Step Fo: Tek di ful doz fɔ di antibayɔtik we di dɔktɔ gi yu fɔ di ful nɔmba fɔ di de dɛn.
• Step Fayv: Drink at le 2-3 lita wata evride.

📊 Ki Paramita dɛn fɔ di UFR Ripɔt (Intapriteshɔn Gayd) .

📖 Sɔs ɛn Sayntis Rifrɛns

• NHS (UK) Gaydɛns fɔ Yurinari Trakt Infɛkshɔn: NHS UTIs Diagnosis (Accesed 2026)
• NCBI Bukshεlf Klinik Rivyu: Urinalysis (StatPearls - NBK470195)