Wali weebuuzizzaako engeri, bw’okwata omusujja, gye gutereera mu nnaku ntono? Nga tetutegedde, emibiri gyaffe girina enkola eyeewuunyisa ey’okwekuuma, ng’eggye, ekola munda mu ffe okutukuuma obutakwatibwa ndwadde. Ekibinja ky’abajaasi ekikulu ennyo, eky’enjawulo mu nkola eno kiyitibwa obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka obuyitibwa cytotoxic T cells. Leero, tugenda kwogera ku bazira bano abato.
Obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa cytotoxic T cells bwe buliwa?
Mu ngeri ennyangu, obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka (cytotoxic T cells ) kika kya butoffaali mu baserikale baffe abaserikale b’omubiri . Balinga abajaasi ba special forces mu magye g'eggwanga lyaffe. Omulimu gwabwe omukulu kwe kunoonya n’okusaanyaawo obutoffaali obulina akawuka akayingira mu mibiri gyaffe. Eno y'ensonga lwaki era ziyitibwa "Killer T cells."
Obutoffaali buno obwa T bukolebwa mu katundu akatono akali mu maaso g'ekifuba kyaffe akayitibwa thymus . Endwadde ya thymus ekola ebika by’obutoffaali bwa T ebikulu bisatu.
| Ekika ky’obutoffaali bwa T | Omulimu gwangu. |
|---|---|
| Obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka | Okuzuula n’okusaanyaawo obutoffaali obw’obulabe, gamba ng’obutoffaali obulina akawuka n’obutoffaali bwa kookolo. |
| Obutoffaali bwa T obuyamba | Okusitula obutoffaali obulala obw’abaserikale b’omubiri n’okubuyamba okulwanyisa. Ng’omuduumizi w’amagye. |
| Obutoffaali bwa T obulung’amya | Olutalo bwe lumala okuggwa, ebikolwa by’abaserikale b’omubiri bifugibwa era ne bikoma okwonoona obutoffaali obulamu mu ngeri eteetaagisa. |
Obutoffaali buno bukola butya?
Waliwo ebika bibiri ebikulu eby’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde. Ekimu ye innate immunity , nga eno y’enkola y’okwekuuma ebeera mu mubiri gwaffe nga tuzaalibwa. Ekirala ye busimu obuziyiza endwadde (adaptive immunity).Kwe kugamba, bwe tukwatibwa endwadde oba bwe tufuna eddagala erigema, emibiri gyaffe gifuna enkola eyeetongodde ey’okwekuuma.
Cytotoxic T cells kitundu kikulu nnyo mu kika kino eky’okubiri eky’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde (adaptive immunity). Kino kitegeeza nti obutoffaali buno butendekebwa okutegeera n’okulumba akawuka akagere .
Enjawulo wakati w’obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka n’obutoffaali obutta obw’obutonde
Oyinza n’okuwulira ku butoffaali bwa Natural Killer. Wadde nga byombi butoffaali ‘butta’, waliwo enjawulo entono.
- Obutoffaali bwa Natural Killer: Buno kitundu ku busimu obuziyiza endwadde obuzaaliranwa. Kino kitegeeza nti tezeetaaga kutendekebwa kwa njawulo oba okukola okusobola okulumba akatoffaali ak’obulabe. Bamala kusigala nga balawuna.
- Cytotoxic T cells: Buno kitundu ku busimu obuziyiza endwadde (adaptive immunity). Okusobola okulumba akatoffaali akalina akawuka, zirina okusooka okumanya obulwadde buno ne zikola.
Engeri y'okutandika olutalo
Obutoffaali bwa T obutta obutwa bulina ‘antenna’ ey’enjawulo ku ngulu yaabwe eyitibwa CD8 receptor . Kumpi buli katoffaali mu mubiri gwaffe kalina "identification card" ku ngulu. Kiyitibwa molekyu ya MHC Class I . Akatoffaali bwe kakwatibwa akawuka, akatoffaali ako kateeka akatundu akatono ak'akawuka ku ndagamuntu eno ku ngulu, nga kalaga nti, "Wano waliwo omulabe munda mu nze."
Wano antenna ya CD8 eya T cell yaffe w’ekwata signal eno. Olwo akatoffaali ka T kakola ne kakola eddagala eryetaagisa okusaanyaawo akatoffaali akalina akawuka.
Ate era, obutoffaali bwa T obuyamba bwe buzuula yinfekisoni, bufulumya ababaka abayitibwa cytokines . Obubaka buno byongera okusitula obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka okwegatta ku lutalo.
Obutoffaali buno obwa T busangibwa wa mu mubiri gwaffe?
Obutoffaali bwa T butandika obulamu bwabwo mu busimu bwaffe obw'amagumba . Olwo, ng’obutoffaali obutakuze, bugenda mu nseke ya thymus mu kifuba kyaffe. Thymus eringa essomero eritendeka obutoffaali bwa T. Eyo obutoffaali buno we bukula ne buyiga omulimu gwabwo kye guli. Oluvannyuma lw’okutendekebwa, obutoffaali buno butambula mu mubiri gwonna.
Waliwo obutoffaali bwa T bungi mu nkola yaffe yonna ey’amazzi , naddala. Ebirungo ebisinga obungi eby’obutoffaali bwa T bisobola okusangibwa mu:
- Obusigo bw’amagumba
- Ebyenda
- Amawuggwe
- Ensigo z’omusaayi (lymph nodes).
- Ensigo z’omu lubuto
- Tonsils eziyitibwa Tonsils
Endwadde ki ezikwata obutoffaali bwa T?
Oluusi abaserikale baffe abaserikale bayinza obutakola bulungi. Waliwo embeera eziwerako ezikosa obutoffaali bwa T.
- Endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri:Ekibaawo mu mbeera zino kwe kuba nti abaserikale baffe bennyini balumba obutoffaali bwaffe obulamu.
- Acute lymphocytic leukemia: Kino kika kya kookolo atandikira mu musaayi n’obusimu bw’amagumba.
- Adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Kino kika kya kookolo atandikira mu butoffaali bw’enkola y’amazzi.
- Akawuka ka siriimu: Akawuka kano kalumba butereevu obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe naddala T cells.
- Job syndrome: Buno bulwadde bwa baserikale b’omubiri obutatera kulabika era buleeta yinfekisoni enfunda eziwera.
- Thymic aplasia: Okukola obutoffaali bwa T kukosebwa olw’endwadde ya thymus obutakula bulungi ng’azaalibwa.
Ebintu bye tuyinza okukola okukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri nga banywevu
Waliwo ebintu bingi ebyangu bye tuyinza okukola okukuuma abazibizi baffe abeewuunyisa nga balamu bulungi era nga ba maanyi.
- Weewale omwenge oba okugukomya ennyo.
- Lya emmere ennungi. Muteekemu ebibala ebirala, enva endiirwa, ebinyeebwa, ennyama etaliimu masavu, ebyennyanja, entangawuuzi n’emmere erimu ebiriisa.
- Dduyiro buli kiseera. Mulimu dduyiro ow’enjawulo ng’okutambula, okudduka, n’okusitula obuzito.
- Funa otulo otulungi. Gezaako okwebaka waakiri essaawa 7-8 olunaku.
- Weewale ddala okunywa sigala n’okukozesa taaba. Bw’oba weetaaga okuyambibwa okulekayo, yogerako n’omusawo wo ku nsonga eno.
- Naaba mu ngalo buli kiseera ne ssabbuuni n’amazzi. Kino kiyinza okugenda wala mu kutangira obuwuka okuyingira mu mubiri gwo.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Cytotoxic T cells kibinja kya baserikale eky’enjawulo mu baserikale baffe ab’omubiri abasaanyaawo abalabe, gamba ng’obutoffaali obulina akawuka n’obutoffaali bwa kookolo.
- Obutoffaali buno bukula ne butendekebwa mu nseke z’omubiri gwaffe eziyitibwa thymus gland.
- Obutoffaali bwa T obuyamba bulinga ababaka abasitula obutoffaali buno obutta okulwana.
- Ebintu ebyangu ng’emmere ennungi, otulo otulungi, okukola dduyiro, n’okwewala okunywa sigala bisobola okukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri nga banywevu.
- Bw’oba olina ekikweraliikiriza ku busimu bwo obw’omubiri oba okulwala ennyo, kirungi n’oyogera n’omusawo wo ku nsonga eno.
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