Omusaayi gw’omwana wo ali mu lubuto tegukwatagana na gwo? (Erythroblastosis Fetalis) Ka tuzuule ddala kino kye ki!

Bw’oba ​​oli maama agenda okuzaala, oyinza okuba nga watya katono ng’owulira ebigambo ‘Erythroblastosis Fetalis’. Oba olyawo omusawo wo yakyogerako akaseera katono emabega ng’ayogera ku kika ky’omusaayi gwo. Kiyinza okukutiisa katono okuwulira erinnya lino. Naye teweeraliikiriranga, leero tugenda kukyogerako mu ngeri ennyangu gy’osobola okutegeera. Ka tulabe kiki, lwaki kibaawo, n’engeri gye tuyinza okwekuuma embeera eno.

‘Obulwadde bwa Erythroblastosis Fetalis’ kye ki?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, kino tekitera kubaawo, ekitegeeza nti si buli muntu nti akifuna, ekizibu ekiyinza okubaawo ng’oli lubuto. Kino kibaawo singa wabaawo obutakwatagana mu kika ky’omusaayi wakati wo n’omwana wo ali mu lubuto. Enjawulo mu musaayi zonna tezireeta buzibu. Wabula akabi kano kabeera kanene naddala singa ekika ky’omusaayi gwo kiba `Rh-negative` ate ng’omusaayi gw’omwana wo guba `Rh-positive`.

Teebereza, singa wakwatibwa omusaayi guno ogulina Rh, oba ng’oli lubuto emabega oba ng’oteekebwamu omusaayi, abaserikale b’omubiri gwo (enkola etukuuma okuva ku ndwadde) basobola okutandika okulumba obutoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana. Nga alinga alumba omulabe. Kino kiyinza okuvaako obutoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana okukendeera mu ngeri ey’akabi. Kino tukiyita anemia. Singa omusaayi guno gufuuka gwa maanyi, kiyinza okutta omwana singa tajjanjabibwa.

Naye waliwo amawulire amalungi! Ennaku zino okwekebeza bulijjo ng’okyali lubuto kiyinza okuzuula ekika ky’omusaayi gwo. Bw’oba ​​olina Rh-negative, abasawo basobola okukuwa eddagala okuziyiza ekizibu kino.

Embeera eno era eyitibwa `(obulwadde bwa alloimmune hemolytic disease of the newborn - HDN)` ne `(hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn - HFDN)`. Naye bwe tunaayogera ku nsonga eno, tujja kukozesa ekigambo `(Erythroblastosis Fetalis)`.

Bubonero ki singa omwana aba n’embeera eno?

Abalongo abazaalibwa n’embeera eno (Erythroblastosis Fetalis) bayinza okulaga obubonero bw’okukendeeza ku musaayi. Abalongo abamu bayinza okubufuna mu ngeri etali ya maanyi, ate abalala bayinza okubufuna ennyo. Ekirala omwana ayinza okufuna obulwadde bwa jaundice mu ssaawa 24 ng’amaze okuzaalibwa. Bino bye bimu ku bubonero obulaga nti obulwadde buno:

• Okufuuka okwa kyenvu kw’amaaso n’olususu.
• Olususu okufuuka olumyufu mu bwangu .
• Omwana awulira ng’akooye nnyo era nga talina bulamu (lethargiy).
• Omutima gukuba mangu (tachycardia).
• Obutayagala amata.

Mu mbeera ezimu ez'amaanyi, omwana ali mu lubuto oba omwana omuwere ayinza okufuna embeera eyinza okutta obulamu eyitibwa ``hydrops fetalis.'' Obubonero bwayo mulimu:

• Okuzimba omubiri.
• Amazzi okukuŋŋaanyizibwa mu lubuto lw’omwana, oba wakati w’ebitundu ebikulu ng’omutima n’amawuggwe.

Lwaki kino kigenda mu maaso? Ensonga ze ziruwa?

Embeera eno eyitibwa ``Erythroblastosis Fetalis'' ebaawo kubanga, nga bwe kyayogeddwako emabegako, abaserikale b'omubiri gwo balumba obutoffaali obumyufu obw'omwana.

Obutoffaali bwaffe obumyufu bulina obubonero obw’enjawulo. Tuziyita ``antigens.'' Lowooza ku ``antigens'' zino nga labels eziriko amannya. Singa abaserikale b’omubiri bo bategeera akabonero kano, tekajja kulumba butoffaali obwo obumyufu.

Kino kiva ku njawulo mu musaayi gwo n'omwana wo. Ebika by’omusaayi bigabanyizibwa okusinziira ku ``antigens`` eziri kungulu ku butoffaali obumyufu. Waliwo ebika by’omusaayi ebikulu bibiri bye twogerako:

• Rh factor: Kino kitegeeza oba omusaayi guli positive (+) oba negativu (-).
• Antigens za ABO: Kino kitegeeza ekika ky’omusaayi A, B, AB oba O.

Bw’oba ​​oli lubuto, abaserikale b’omubiri bo, bwe batategeera ``antigens`` ku butoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana wo, bajja kutandika okukola ``antibodies`` ezibalwanyisa. Zino ``antibodies`` ze zilumba obutoffaali obwo obumyufu. Ng’omubiri gwaffe bwe gufuna obuwuka obuleeta endwadde, n’omubiri gwaffe gugulwanyisa. Naye kino okusobola okubaawo, omusaayi gw’omwana gulina okukwatagana n’omusaayi gwo. Ebiseera ebisinga kino kibaawo ng’omwana anaatera okuzaalibwa. Kyokka oluusi omusaayi gusobola okugutabula nga tegunnabaawo. Okugeza nga:

• Singa okuggyamu embuto kubaawo.
• Singa olubuto lubula wakati, luyitibwa ``Okuggyamu olubuto``.
• Mu mbeera nga olubuto olw’ebweru w’olubuto (olubuto lubeera bweru wa nnabaana, gamba nga mu nseke y’omu lubuto).
• Nga okola ``(Amniocentesis)`` (okukebera okukolebwa nga oli lubuto).
• Nga okola `(Chorionic villus sampling)` (okukebera olubuto okulala).

Omubiri gwo bwe gumala okukola `(antibodies)` zino, gukijjukira. Singa obutoffaali obumyufu obw'omwana buba ne `(antigen)` eyo mu kiseera ky'olubuto oluddako, bino `(antibodies)` bijja kugenda ne bisaanyaawo obutoffaali obwo. Okusaanyaawo obutoffaali obumyufu kuno tukiyita `(hemolysis)`.

Ekikulu ekivaako: Obutakwatagana bwa Rh

Ekisinga okuba eky’amaanyi era ekimanyiddwa ennyo ekivaako embeera eno, bw’oba ​​olina Rh-negative ate ng’omwana wo alina Rh-positive. Kino bwe kibaawo, abaserikale b’omubiri bo balumba obutoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana wo obulina Rh. Mu nsi nga America, abantu nga 15% balina omusaayi ogutaliimu Rh. Ebiseera ebisinga, maama ne taata bombi, awamu n’omwana, baba n’obulwadde bwa Rh.

Ebiseera ebisinga, obutakwatagana buno bwa Rh tebuleeta buzibu bwa maanyi mu kiseera ky’olubuto olusooka. Ne bw’oba ​​olina Rh-negative ate ng’omwana alina Rh-positive, tekitera kubaawo omusaayi gwo okutabula n’omusaayi gw’omwana ng’oli lubuto ne kireetawo obulwadde obw’amaanyi (antibodies). Wabula omwana bw’amala okuzaalibwa, omusaayi gwo gujja kukwatagana n’omusaayi gw’omwana. Mu kiseera ekyo, bw’oba ​​tomira ddagala liziyiza abaserikale b’omubiri okugilumba, omubiri gwo guyinza okukola obutoffaali obuziyiza obutoffaali obumyufu obulina Rh.

Olwo singa oddamu okufuna olubuto, era omwana oyo naye alina ekika ky’omusaayi ekirimu Rh, antibodies ezo ezaakolebwa emabegako zijja kugenda ne zilumba obutoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana oyo. Otegedde?

Ebirala ebitali bimu ebitakwatagana mu kika ky’omusaayi

Oluusi, abaserikale b’omubiri bo basobola okulumba obutoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana wo wadde nga waliwo obutakwatagana na antigen y’obutoffaali obumyufu obutatera kulabika. Kino kibaawo singa omwana wo aba n’ekirungo ekyo ekitatera kulabika n’ofiirwa. Kino kibaawo singa oba obadde ofunye antigen eyo ng’oyita mu lubuto oba okuteekebwamu omusaayi emabegako era ng’ofunye obutoffaali obuziyiza obulwadde buno. Ebimu ku antigen zino bye bino:

• `(Colton)`
• `(Duffy)`
• `(Diego)`
• `(Ee)`
• `(Gerbich)`
• `(H)`
• `(Kell)`
• `(Omwana omuto)`
• `(Omulokole)`
• `(MNS)`
• `(P)`
• `(Xg)`

Okukebera omusaayi nga bukyali ng’olubuto osobola okuzuula oba okola obutoffaali obuziyiza obulwadde buno obw’ebika by’obutoffaali obumyufu obutatera kulabika.

Embeera eno ya bulijjo etya?

Mu nsi yonna, abaana nga 276 ku 100,000 abazaalibwa nga balamu, kigambibwa nti balina ebizibu by’embuto ebikwatagana n’obutakwatagana mu kika ky’omusaayi gwa Rh. Okusinziira ku banoonyereza, singa tajjanjabwa, emikisa 50% nti omwana ali mu lubuto ajja kufa oba okufuna obuzibu obw’amaanyi mu bulamu.

Naye teweeraliikiriranga! Nga bakeberebwa ekika ky’omusaayi n’eddagala eryetaagisa, ebivaamu ebisinga obubi bisobola okuziyizibwa. Mu bitundu ebimu eby’ensi awali obujjanjabi nga tebannazaala, abaana nga 2.5 bokka ku 100,000 be balina obuzibu olw’obutakwatagana bwa Rh. Kino kyeraliikiriza nnyo mu Sri Lanka nayo.

Kino okisanga otya?

Ebiseera ebisinga, mu malwaliro agajjanjaba nga tebannazaala, ekika ky'omusaayi gwo n'obutafaali obuziyiza endwadde'' bwonna bukeberebwa. Bw’oba ​​oli lubuto era ng’olina ekika ky’omusaayi ekitali kya Rh, omusawo wo ajja kukebera oba waliwo ``antibodies'' ezikwata ku musaayi ogulina Rh. Bw'oba tolina ``antibodies'' ezo, abaserikale b'omubiri bo bajja kuweebwa eddagala okuziremesa okukola.

Singa okukebera kukakasa nti olina obutoffaali buno obuziyiza endwadde, kitegeeza nti omwana bw’aba alina Rh-positive, abaserikale b’omubiri bo bali mu bulabe bw’okulumba obutoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana. Olwo omusawo ajja kukebera emiwendo gy’obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde buli luvannyuma lwa wiiki ntono. Singa obutoffaali bwo obuziyiza endwadde buba bungi mu ngeri ey’akabi, omwana wo oyinza okukeberebwa ebirala okulaba oba omwana alina okukendeeza ku musaayi, era kiyinza okwetaagisa okuteekebwamu omusaayi mu lubuto. Omwana wo bw’aba mu bulabe bw’okuzaalibwa ng’alina omusaayi omungi, omusawo ayinza okusalawo okuzaala omwana nga bukyali.

Omwana bw’amala okuzaalibwa, omusawo asobola okumanya omusaayi gw’omwana. Kino kiyinza okuyamba okuzuula oba okukendeeza ku musaayi gw’omwana kiva ku kika ky’omusaayi obutakwatagana.

Ebigezo ebirala ebikoleddwa bye bino:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Okukebera kuno kuyinza okukebera obutoffaali obumyufu bw’omwana bwe buli wansi. Omutindo gye gukoma okuba wansi, n’omusaayi gye gukoma okuba ogw’amaanyi.
• Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS): Kino kizingiramu okwekenneenya omusaayi nga bakozesa microscope. Kino kiyinza okuwa endowooza oba okukendeera kuno kuva ku kusaanyaawo obutoffaali obumyufu nga tebunnatuuka (hemolysis).
• Okukebera bilirubin:Kino kipima emiwendo gya bilirubin. Bilirubin kiva mu kumenyaamenya obutoffaali obumyufu. Ebirungo bya bilirubin ebingi (hyperbilirubinemia) biyinza okulaga nti obutoffaali obumyufu busaanawo.
• Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT): Okukebera kuno kulaga oba obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde buli ku ngulu w’obutoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana. Kino kitegeeza nti abaserikale b’omubiri aba maama balumba obutoffaali bw’omwana.

Obujjanjabi bwe buruwa?

Obujjanjabi businziira ku oba oli lubuto oba yaakazaala.

Obujjanjabi nga oli lubuto

Bw’oba ​​olina obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde obukuteeka mu bulabe bw’obulwadde bwa Erythroblastosis Fetalis, omusawo wo ajja kulondoola emiwendo gy’obusimu bwo buli luvannyuma lwa wiiki ntono. Singa omwana wo ali waggulu, oyinza okwetaaga okwongera okukeberebwa ‘ultrasound scans’ okulaba oba omwana wo alina omusaayi. Singa omusaayi guba gwa maanyi, omwana wo ayinza okwetaaga okuteekebwamu omusaayi.

Obujjanjabi ng’omwana amaze okuzaalibwa

Abasawo bajjanjaba abalongo abalina obulwadde bwa ``Erythroblastosis Fetalis'' nga bajjanjaba okukendeera kw'omusaayi ne ``hyperbilirubinemia'' (jaundice). Enkola z’obujjanjabi ze zino:

• Obujjanjabi bw’ekitangaala: Kino kikozesa ekitangaala okujjanjaba obulwadde bwa hyperbilirubinemia. Ekitangaala kino kikyusa bilirubin n’afuuka ebintu ebyangu okufuluma mu mubiri gw’omwana.
• Okuteekebwamu omusaayi: Omwana bw’amala okuzaalibwa, ayinza okwetaaga okuteekebwamu omusaayi okukakasa nti alina obutoffaali obumyufu obumala.
• Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA): Bino biyinza okuba eby’okulonda mu kujjanjaba omusaayi ogutali gwa maanyi nnyo nga kyetaagisa okuteekebwamu omusaayi. Ziyinza okwetaaga okuweebwa wamu n’ebirungo ebiyamba omwana okukola obutoffaali obumyufu obulungi.

Mu mbeera enzibu, omwana ayinza okwetaaga okulabirira okumuwagira, gamba ng’ekyuma ekissa n’amazzi aga IV.

Kiki ekituuka ku mwana oluvannyuma lw’embeera eno?

Ebivaamu bisinziira ku bubonero bw’omwana wo obw’amaanyi. Okukendeera kw’omusaayi okw’amaanyi n’okukendeera kw’omusaayi (hyperbilirubinemia) biyinza okutta omuntu singa tebijjanjabwa.

Wabula abalongo abalina obulwadde bwa Erythroblastosis Fetalis basobola okuwona embeera eno singa bajjanjabwa bulungi. Bayinza okwetaaga okuteekebwamu omusaayi okusobola okujjuza obutoffaali bwabwe obumyufu nga bali lubuto ne/oba nga bamaze okuzaalibwa. Omusawo ajja kwetaaga okuzirondoola okumala emyezi egiwerako okukakasa nti tewali buzibu bwonna.

Kino tekiyinza kuziyizibwa?

Mazima ddala kisoboka! Erythroblastosis Fetalis aziyizibwa nnyo nga tuyita mu kukebera ekika ky’omusaayi n’eddagala eriziyiza ng’oli lubuto.Embeera. Bw’oba ​​tolina Rh-negative, osobola okumira Rh immune globulin (Rh immune globulin - RhIg oba RhoGAM®) okutangira omubiri gwo okukola obutoffaali obuziyiza omusaayi ogulina Rh. Eddagala lino olina okulimira ku wiiki 28 ng’oli lubuto, mu ssaawa 72 ng’olubuto luwedde (oluvannyuma lw’okuzaala, okuvaamu olubuto), era bw’oba ​​olina omusaayi omungi ng’oli lubuto (ne mu lubuto olusooka).

Kino kikola singa omira eddagala lino ng’omusaayi gwo tegunnakwatibwa musaayi gwa Rh. Y’ensonga lwaki kitunuulirwa naddala mu malwaliro g’embuto.

Ebintu by’olina okubuuza omusawo wo

Bw’oba ​​olina ekibuuzo ekirala kyonna ku nsonga eno, totya kubuuza musawo wo oba nnansi wo. Bino bye bimu ku byokulabirako:

• Omusaayi gwange guli gutya?
• Waliwo ``antibodies'' yonna gye nsaanidde okweraliikirira?
• Nsaana okweraliikirira ku `(Erythroblastosis Fetalis)`?
• Nja kwetaaga okulondoola okulala oba okugenda mu ddwaaliro enfunda eziwera?
• Nnaaba nneetaaga okumira eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde bwa Rh immune globulin (RhIg)?
• Ddi lwe nnina okukola essaawa oba okunoonya obujjanjabi obw’amangu?

Kiki ekibaawo singa maama aba Rh-positive ate omwana aba Rh-negative?

Kino tekitera kuba butakwatagana na kika kya musaayi okulina okweraliikirira. Omwana ali mu lubuto atalina Rh talina Rh-antigen abaserikale b’omubiri ba maama gye basobola okulumba. Okuggyako nga waliwo ebitakwatagana ebirala ebitatera kubaawo mu kika ky’omusaayi, kino tekisaanye kuba kizibu.

Ebintu ebisinga obukulu by’olina okukuuma mu birowoozo

Ekirowoozo nti abaserikale b’omubiri bo bennyini bayinza okulumba omwana wo ali mu lubuto, kitiisa. Naye amawulire amalungi gali nti obutakwatagana buno obw’akabi mu musaayi si bwa bulijjo. Era, abasawo bakola kyonna ekisoboka okutangira ebizibu bino okubaawo. Okukebera ekika ky’omusaayi kitundu kya kiragiro mu kulabirira nga tonnazaala. Ate era, okulondoola n’okujjanjaba obutakwatagana mu kika ky’omusaayi ekiyinza okuleeta akabi eri omwana wo kitundu ekiteereddwawo mu kulabirira nga tannazaala. Omusawo wo ajja kuba naawe buli ddaala ly’ogenda okukukuuma n’omwana wo nga temuli bulabe. N’olwekyo, tosattira mu ngeri eteetaagisa, era goberera n’obwegendereza ebiragiro by’omusawo. Olwo ggwe ne omwana wo mwembi musobola okusigala nga mulamu bulungi!

` Erythroblastosis Fetalis, Rh obutakwatagana, ebizibu by’olubuto, ekika ky’omusaayi gw’omwana, ekika ky’omusaayi gwa maama, okukendeera kw’omusaayi, jaundice, RhoGAM