Essuubi eripya mu busawo: Ka tuyige ku Gene Therapy mu ngeri ennyangu

Waliwo endwadde ezimu eziva ku maama wo ne kitaawo, nedda? Oba waliwo endwadde ezimu ezizibu ennyo okuwona ddala ne bwe bakozesa eddagala oba okulongoosebwa. Teebereza, watya singa wabaawo engeri gye tuyinza okukyusaamu obuzaale mu mubiri gwaffe n’okuwonya obulwadde obuva ku kikolo kyabwo? Obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale bwe bumu ku ssuubi eddene eririna ebiseera eby’omu maaso. Wadde kino kikyali kipya nnyo, kitwalibwa ng’ekintu ekiyinza okuleeta enjawulo ennene mu sayansi w’obusawo.

Obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale kye ki mu ngeri ennyangu?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale nkola ya bujjanjabi ekozesa obuzaale bwaffe okuziyiza n’okujjanjaba endwadde. Mu buwangwa, twandikozesezza eddagala, empeke, siropu , empiso, oba okulongoosa. Naye nga bakozesa enkola eno, abasawo basobola okukosa obuzaale bwo ne batereeza ekivaako obulwadde.

Lowooza ku mubiri gwaffe ng’ekizimbe ekinene. Pulaani eyakozesebwa okuzimba ekizimbe ekyo ye buzaale bwaffe . Oluusi wayinza okubaawo ensobi entono oba ekikyamu mu pulaani eno. Ensobi eyo y’ereeta endwadde ezimu. Kale obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale bukwata ku kutereeza pulaani eyo enkyamu. Ekyo kitegeeza nti:

• Okukendeeza ku puloteyina ezireeta endwadde: Obuzaale obumu bwe butakola bubi, bukola obutoffaali obw’obulabe eri omubiri. Enkola eno esobola okukendeeza ku bungi bwazo.
• Okwongera okukola puloteyina ennungi: Oluusi omubiri tegukola puloteyina ezimala ze gwetaaga. Mu mbeera eyo, enkola eno esobola okulagira obuzaale okukola obulungi puloteyina ezo.
• Okukola obutoffaali obupya oba obukyusiddwa: Enkola eno era esobola okukola ekika kya puloteyina ekipya munda mu mubiri ekisobola okulwanyisa obulwadde.

Kino kikola kitya mu mubiri gwaffe?

Kino okukitegeera, ka tusooke tuyige katono ku buzaale. Buli katoffaali mu mubiri gwaffe kalina ekitundu ekiyitibwa nucleus. Munda mu nyukiliya eyo mulimu ebintu ebiyitibwa chromosomes . Chromosomes zino zikolebwa DNA . DNA eno erimu amawulire agasalawo buli kimu okuva ku langi y’enviiri zo, langi y’amaaso go, n’obuwanvu.

Ebitundu bino ebitongole ebya DNA bye tuyita obuzaale . Kiba ng’enkola y’emmere mu kitabo ekinene eky’okufumba (DNA). Obuzaale buno buwa ebiragiro ku ngeri y’okukolamu obutoffaali obwetaagisa ennyo emibiri gyaffe okukola. Enkola eyo etubuulira engeri y’okukolamu keeki.

Oluusi bwe tukaddiwa, obutwa mu butondeBwe bakwatibwa eddagala, oba nga basikira okuva mu bazadde, enkyukakyuka entonotono (enkyukakyuka z’obuzaale/enkyukakyuka) zibaawo mu buzaale buno. Kiringa ennukuta oba ekigambo mu recipe eyo kikyamu. Olwo ne protein (cake) ekolebwa nayo nkyamu. Ekyo kye kikolo ky'endwadde nnyingi.

Endwadde ki ezikozesebwa mu kiseera kino obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale?

Mu butuufu, obujjanjabi bungi obw’obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale bukyali mu mutendera gw’okugezesebwa mu malwaliro. Kino kitegeeza nti zikeberebwa okulaba oba tezirina bulabe era zikola bulungi nga tezinnaba kuweebwa bantu. Ebitundu ebikulu eby’okunoonyereza ebigenda mu maaso mu kiseera kino ku nkola eno bye bino:

• Kookolo
• Okukendeera kw’amaaso n’endwadde endala ez’amaaso
• Embeera ezimu ez’obuzaale ez’obuzaale
• Akawuka ka siriimu /Mukenenya

Wabula kati waliwo enkola eziwerako ez’obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale ezikkirizibwa ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala ekya FDA, ekitegeeza nti kino tekikyali kirooto kyokka. Okugeza nga:

• Luxturna®: Buno bujjanjabi bwa mulundi gumu eri abantu ababulwa okulaba olw’endwadde z’amaaso ezimu ezisikira .
• Zolgensma®: Kino kikkirizibwa okujjanjaba Spinal Muscular Atrophy, obulwadde obw’amaanyi obukwata abaana abali wansi w’emyaka 2.

Waliwo ebika by’obujjanjabi buno eby’enjawulo?

Yee, waliwo engeri ssatu enkulu obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale gye bukolebwamu. Ka tulabe kye bali.

Obuzaale buyingizibwa butya mu mubiri?

Ensengekera zino ennungi tezigenda butereevu mu butoffaali bwaffe. Beetaaga mmotoka. Emmotoka eyo eyitibwa ‘vector’ . Kuba akafaananyi ng’oweereza ekipapula. Omuweereza (omubaka) atwala ekipapula ekyo (ensengekera y’obutonde) wennyini we kyetaaga okugenda (akatoffaali).

Ebiseera ebisinga, akawuka kakozesebwa nga ‘vectors’ zino. Kati oyinza okuba ng'olowooza nti, "Tekyandikulwaza singa oteeka akawuka mu mubiri gwo?" Bannasayansi kye bakola wano kwe kuggyawo ebitundu byonna eby’akawuka ebivaako endwadde, ne basigalawo ebitundu byokka ebisobola okuyingira mu butoffaali. Oluvannyuma, bayingiza obuzaale obulamu mu kawuka ne babuyingiza mu mubiri.

Waliwo engeri bbiri enkulu ez’okukola kino:

1. In vivo (munda mu mubiri): Wano, ‘vector’ erimu obuzaale efuyirwa butereevu mu mubiri ng’eddagala erigema.

2. Ex vivo (ebweru w’omubiri): Kino kizingiramu okuggya obutoffaali obumu mu mubiri gwo (e.g. obutoffaali bw’omusaayi), okuyingiza obuzaale mu butoffaali obwo mu laabu, n’oluvannyuma n’oddamu okuyingiza obutoffaali obwo obukyusiddwa okudda mu mubiri gwo.

Birungi ki n’ebibi ebiri mu bujjanjabi bw’obuzaale?

Nga buli kimu, enkola eno erina ebirungi n’ebibi byayo.

Njogera n’omusawo wange ku nsonga eno?

Singa ggwe oba omuntu mu maka go alina obulwadde obw’obuzaale, kookolo, oba embeera enzibu okujjanjaba, gamba ng’ezo ezoogeddwako wano, kikulu nnyo okwogera n’omusawo wo ku nsonga eno.

Obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale n’okutuusa kati si bujjanjabi bwa bulijjo mu Sri Lanka. Naye kikulu okumanya enkulaakulana zino ezigenda mu maaso okwetoloola ensi yonna. Mpozzi mu biseera eby’omu maaso, bino biyinza okufuuka obujjanjabi obwa bulijjo.

Tekinologiya ono ajja kutwala ekiseera okukulaakulana, naye alaga nti ssaayansi w’obusawo buli kiseera afuba okunoonya eky’okugonjoola obulwadde, ne bwe buba bwa maanyi butya. Ekyo ssuubi ddene nnyo gye tuli.