Olina okusesema okutaggwaawo mu nnaku ntono, oba obubonero bw’obulwadde bw’omusulo obukutawaanya? Mpozzi bwe wagenda ew’omusawo, yakuwandiikira ekigezo ekiyitibwa ‘Gram Stain’. Erinnya lino liyinza okukuwulikika ng’ekyewuunyisa katono. Naye mu butuufu kino kigezo kikulu nnyo, eky’amangu ekikozesebwa okuzuula yinfekisoni mu mubiri gwaffe. Kale, ka twogere ku kino mu ngeri ennyangu ennyo, mu ngeri gy’osobola okutegeera.
Gram Stain kye ki mu ngeri ennyangu?
Mu ngeri ennyangu, Gram stain kwe kukebera okukolebwa mu laabu. Okusinga enoonya obuwuka mu kitundu ky’omubiri gwo awali yinfekisoni. Teebereza ng’olina ekiwundu ekikulukuta. Olwo sampuli entono okuva mu kiwundu ekyo esobola okusindikibwa okukeberebwa kuno.
Ekimu ku birungi ebinene ebiri mu kukebera kuno kwe kuba nti ebyavaamu bifunibwa mangu nnyo. Kino kisobozesa omusawo okuzuula amangu oba olina obulwadde bwa bakitiriya era bwe kiba bwe kityo, kika ki. Kino kiyamba omusawo okufuna endowooza enkulu ku ddagala ly’alina okukuwa.
Si bacteria zonna eziri mu mibiri gyaffe nti mbi. Ebimu biba bakitiriya birungi ebituyamba. Naye ebika bya bakitiriya ebimu bituleetera endwadde ne yinfekisoni. Ekigezo kya Gram Stain kituyamba okuzuula obuwuka obw’obulabe obuleeta endwadde ezo.
Emboozi eno ekwata ku Gram-positive ne Gram-negative eruwa?
Kino kye kitundu ekisinga obukulu mu kukebera amabala ga Gram. Lowooza ku bakitiriya ng’obuwuka obutonotono obwambala engoye ez’enjawulo. Okukebera amabala ga Gram kuzingiramu okusiiga ebika by’amabala ag’enjawulo ebiwerako ku bakitiriya. Oluvannyuma okusinziira ku njawulo eriwo mu bbugwe w’obutoffaali bwa bakitiriya, zaawukana ne zifuuka langi bbiri.
1. Bakitiriya eziyitibwa Gram-positive bacteria: Ebisenge by’obutoffaali bwazo bikolebwa mu kintu ekinene ekiyitibwa ``Peptidoglycan.'' Eno y’ensonga lwaki zifuuka langi ya kakobe-bbululu nga zisiigiddwa amabala.
2. Bakitiriya eziyitibwa Gram-negative bacteria: Zino zirina ebisenge by’obutoffaali ebigonvu, kale bwe zisiigiddwa langi zifuuka langi ya pinki-red .
Ekikulu okujjukira wano kiri nti ‘positive’ ne ‘negative’ tebitegeeza ‘kirungi’ na ‘kibi’. Zino zibeera za kugabanya kwokka okusinziira ku langi ya bakitiriya.
Kati katulabe ebika bya bakitiriya ebikulu ebibeera mu bibinja bino ebibiri n’endwadde ze zireeta.
| Obuwuka obuyitibwa Gram-positive bacteria n’endwadde ezikwatagana nabyo | |
|---|---|
| Ekika kya bakitiriya | Embeera z’obujjanjabi ezisoboka |
| Ebika bya Staphylococcus | Yinfekisoni z’olususu, ekifuba, obutwa mu mmere, yinfekisoni za MRSA |
| Ebika bya Streptococcus | Yinfekisoni z’emimiro (Strep throat), ekifuba, obulwadde bw’okuzimba omutwe |
| Ebika bya Listteria | Obutwa mu mmere |
| Ebika bya Clostridium | Obutwa mu mmere, botulism, tetanus |
| Obuwuka obuyitibwa Gram-negative bacteria n’endwadde ezikwatagana nabyo | |
|---|---|
| Ekika kya bakitiriya | Embeera z’obujjanjabi ezisoboka |
| Ensigo eziyitibwa Escherichia coli (E. coli) . | Obulwadde bw’omusulo (UTIs), obutwa mu mmere |
| Obulwadde bwa Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Gonorrhea (obulwadde obusiigibwa mu by’okwegatta) . |
| Ebika bya Salmonella | Obutwa mu mmere, omusujja gwa typhoid |
| Ebika bya Klebsiella | Pneumonia, yinfekisoni z’omusaayi, yinfekisoni z’ebiwundu |
Njawulo ki eriwo wakati w’embala ya Gram n’obuwangwa bwa bakitiriya?
Omusawo ayinza okutera okukuwa amagezi okukebera bino byombi wamu, naye amawulire ge bakuwa ga njawulo.
- Gram Stain: Kino kiringa ekifaananyi eky’amangu. Kiwa mangu endowooza ey’awamu oba bakitiriya ziriwo, bwe kiba bwe kityo, oba nga za Gram-positive oba Gram-negative, n’enkula yazo bweri (eziringa ezeetooloovu oba ez’omuggo).
- Okukuza obuwuka: Kino kizingiramu okukuza obuwuka obuli mu sampuli yo mu kifo eky’enjawulo mu laabu. Kiba ng’okulima ekimera. Kino kiyinza okutwala ennaku ntono. Obuwuuka bwe bumala okukula obulungi, osobola okubuzuula n’omanya eddagala eritta obuwuka erisinga okubukolera.
Mu ngeri ennyangu, Gram stain etuwa obulagirizi obw’amangu, ate nga bacterial culture etuwa okukakasa okusinga okukakafu .
Okukebera kwa Gram Stain kukolebwa kutya?
Enkola eno esobola okwawulwamu emitendera esatu emikulu.
1. Okukung’aanya sampuli
Enkola y’okutwala sampuli ejja kwawukana okusinziira ku kifo w’oteebereza nti olina obulwadde buno.
- Ng’okozesa ekikuta: Sampuli osobola okugiggya mu bifo ng’emimiro, ennyindo, ebiwundu by’olususu, n’ebitundu by’ekyama ng’okozesa ppamba.
- Okukung’aanya ebikuta: Osobola okukung’aanya ebikuta ng’omusulo, omusulo, n’omusulo mu kibbo ekiyonjo.
- Fine-needle aspiration: Enkola eno ekozesebwa okuggya amazzi munda mu mubiri, okugeza mu binywa, okwetooloola amawuggwe oba okwetooloola omutima.
2. Ebibaawo mu laabu
Sampuli yo bw’eneetuuka mu laabu, omukugu mu laboratory y’ebyobujjanjabi ajja kugisaasaanya obugonvu ku slayidi y’endabirwamu. Olwo, bajja kugiteekamu langi ez’enjawulo nnya, ze twayogeddeko emabegako, bazinaaze.
3. Okutunula mu microscope
Mu kusembayo, slayidi eno etegekeddwa yeekebejjebwa wansi wa microscope. Kino bwe twetegereza oba bakitiriya ziriwo, langi yazo (eza kakobe/bbululu oba pinki/emmyufu), enkula yazo (enkulungo (cocci) oba enkula y’omuggo (bacilli)), n’engeri gye zikuŋŋaanyiziddwa wamu (zokka, mu bibiri oba mu bibinja).
Lipoota y’okunoonyereza egamba ki?
Mu lipoota yo ey’okukebera muyinza okubaawo ebikulu bibiri.
- Negative Gram stain (Tewali kiramu bulabibwa): Kino kitegeeza nti tewali buwuka bwalabibwa ku slayidi. Kyokka oluusi kino kiyinza okubaawo nga obuwuka butono nnyo. Kale oyinza okulinda lipoota y’ebyobuwangwa.
- Positive Gram stain: Kino kitegeeza nti obuwuka bwaliwo mu sampuli yo. Lipoota eyinza okubeeramu ebikwata ku nsonga eno nga:
- Ekika kya bakitiriya: Gram-positive oba Gram-negative?
- Enkula ya bakitiriya: `cocci` (enkulungo) oba `bacilli` (emiggo)?
- Obutoffaali obulala: Era kiyinza okwetegereza oba obutoffaali obulala buliwo, gamba ng’obutoffaali obweru (akabonero akalaga nti omuntu alina obulwadde).
Bw’akuŋŋaanya amawulire gano gonna n’agageraageranya n’obubonero bwo, omusawo ajja kutandika obujjanjabi obusinga okukola obulungi gy’oli.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Gram Stain kigezo kya mangu, ekisookerwako ekikozesebwa okuzuula yinfekisoni za bakitiriya.
- Kino kyawula obuwuka mu bibinja bibiri ebikulu (Gram-positive - purple/blue ne Gram-negative - pink/red).
- Amawulire gano gajja kuyamba nnyo omusawo wo okutandika obujjanjabi obutuufu amangu ddala nga bwe kisoboka .
- Okusobola okuzuula obulwadde obukakafu, okukebera amabala ga Gram kutera okukolebwa wamu n’okukebera okukuza bakitiriya .
- Bw’oba olina ekikweraliikiriza ku bivudde mu kukeberebwa kwo, totya kubikubaganya birowoozo mu lwatu n’omusawo wo .
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