Amaanyi ag’ekyama ag’eggye erikuuma omubiri gwaffe: Byonna bikwata ku butoffaali bwa Helper T

Wali olowoozezzaako nti waliwo olutalo olunene olugenda mu maaso munda mu mibiri gyaffe? Yee, mu butuufu waliwo olutalo olunene olugenda mu maaso munda mu mibiri gyaffe buli sikonda. Eggye lyaffe ery’okwekuuma buli kiseera kirwanagana n’abalabe ng’obuwuka, obuwuka, n’obuwuka obuva ebweru. Eggye lino ery'ebyokwerinda tugiyita Immune System . Kale, waliwo ekibinja eky’enjawulo ennyo eky’abaserikale abakessi mu ggye lino. Bano be basooka okuzuula omulabe ne bawa abaserikale abalala ebiragiro ku ngeri y’olulumba gye balina okukola. Abo abaserikale abakessi be tuyita "Helper T cells." Leero twogera ku bazira bano abatonotono, naye nga bakulu nnyo.

Mu ngeri ennyangu, obutoffaali buno obwa T obuyamba kye ki?

Obutoffaali bwa T obuyamba kika kya butoffaali kikulu mu baserikale baffe abaserikale b’omubiri. Okubeera omutuufu, kika kya butoffaali obweru. Omulimu gwabwe omukulu kwe kuzuula yinfekisoni mu mubiri n’okukola obutoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde okubulwanyisa. Balinga abaduumizi abavunaanyizibwa ku kikwekweto kyonna.

Obutoffaali buno obwa T bukolebwa era ne butendekebwa mu katundu akatono akali mu kitundu eky’okungulu eky’ekifuba kyaffe, emabega w’eggumba ly’amabeere. Kiyitibwa thymus . Thymus eno eringa essomero ly’okutendekebwa abajaasi mwe batendekebwa. Essomero lino ery’okutendeka likola ebika by’obutoffaali bwa T ebiwerako, nga buli kimu kirina obusobozi bwabwo obw’enjawulo.

Ka tulabe ebibinja ebyo bye biruwa:

Omulimu gwazo mu baserikale b’omubiri gwe guliwa?

Abaserikale baffe ab’omubiri balina ebitundu bibiri. Ekimu kwe kuziyiza obusimu obuzaaliranwa, bwe tuzaalibwa nabwo. Endala ye adaptive immunity, gye tufuna nga tulwala ne tugema. Obuziyiza buno obukwatagana (adaptive immunity) magezi nnyo. Kisobola okujjukira omulabe eyajja emabegako n’akisaanyaawo mangu singa omulabe oyo azzeemu okujja.

Kale, obwongo bw’abaserikale bano abagezi okukyusakyusa abaserikale b’omubiri be bakulu baffe, obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi. Awatali bo, omulimu guno tegwandisobose. Okusinga bakola ebibinja bibiri:

1. Obutoffaali bwa B: Gano ge makolero g’ebyokulwanyisa mu mubiri gwaffe. Bwe zifuna ebiragiro okuva mu butoffaali bwa T obuyambi, obutoffaali bwa B bukola ekika kya puloteyina eky’enjawulo. Bino biyitibwa antibodies . Antibodies zino ziringa mizayiro ezigenda butereevu ku target. Zikola ekirungo eky’enjawulo ekiziyiza buli buwuka. Obuziyiza obwo bugenda ne bwekwata ku buwuka, ne buzikola.

2. Cytotoxic T cells: Gano ge maanyi ag’enjawulo . Bwe bafuna ebiragiro okuva mu butoffaali bwa T obuyambi, bagenda butereevu mu lutalo. Bagenda ne banoonya obutoffaali mu mubiri gwaffe gwennyini obubadde busiigiddwa obuwuka nga akawuka, ne busaanyaawo obutoffaali obwo. Olwo akawuka kano tekakyasobola kusaasaana.

Waliwo ebika ebitonotono eby’obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi?

Yee, waliwo. Okusinziira ku kika ky’omulabe, obutoffaali buno obuyamba T bugenda mu maaso n’okutendekebwa okw’enjawulo era nga bwawulwamu ebibinja bibiri: TH1 ne TH2.

• Obutoffaali obuyamba TH1: Obutoffaali buno mu ngeri ey’enjawulo bulwanyisa ebirungo nga bakitiriya ne akawuka ebikwese munda mu butoffaali bwaffe. Ziweereza obubaka ne zikola ekika ky'obutoffaali ekirala ekiyitibwa macrophage . Macrophages ze zikung’aanya kasasiro mu mubiri .Okwaagala. Zigenda ne zizinga obuwuka n’obutundutundu bw’obutoffaali obufu, ne ziyonja olutalo. Era era zikola obutoffaali bwa TH1, amaanyi ago ag’enjawulo ge twayogeddeko emabegako, obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka.

• Obutoffaali obuyamba TH2: Obutoffaali buno bussa essira ku balabe abanene ng’obuwuka obusirikitu ebweru w’obutoffaali n’ebintu ebivaako alergy. Bano be bakola obutoffaali bwa B ne bakola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde obukwatagana ne alergy. Bw’ofuna enfuufu, osesema, bw’olya emmere, ofuna ekiddukano, osesema... Obutoffaali buno obwa TH2 bwe buli emabega w’ebintu nga bino. Bagezaako okugoba ebintu eby’obulabe ebiyingidde mu mubiri amangu ddala nga bwe kisoboka.

Obutoffaali buno bukola butya? Nga nkola ya kitalo nnyo!

Kino kiwulikika ng’emboozi ennyuvu ennyo. Akatoffaali ka T akayamba tekamala gakola. Lirina okufuna akabonero ak’enjawulo.

Kuba akafaananyi nga obuwuka buyingira mu mubiri gwaffe. Abaserikale baffe ab’omubiri balina obutoffaali obulawuna omubiri. Akatoffaali kano kakwata obuwuka buno ne bulaga akatundu kaako akatono ku ngulu. Kiringa poliisi ekwata omubbi n’emulaga ekifaananyi. Molekyulu eraga kino eyitibwa molekyu ya MHC kiraasi II .

Kati omuyambi waffe T cell ayingira n’akebera kino. Waliwo ekintu eky’enjawulo ekikwata ku ngulu w’obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi, ekiyitibwa CD4 receptor . CD4 receptor eno eringa ekisumuluzo, erina okutuuka ddala mu kkufulu eyitibwa molecule ya MHC class II.

Amangu ddala ng'ekisumuluzo kituuse ku kkufulu, akatoffaali ka T akayamba kafuuka "kakola." Ekyo kitegeeza nti kitegeera nti, "Okay, kati waliwo omulabe mu mubiri, nneetaaga okukka mu bizinensi."

Olwo, akatoffaali kano aka T akayamba akakola kafulumya ababaka b’eddagala abayitibwa cytokines . Cytokines zino zigenda ne zigamba obutoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde (nga B cells, cytotoxic T cells, macrophages) okujja okulwana, "Jjangu mangu, waliwo okulwana wano!" Abaserikale b’omubiri bonna bakwasaganyizibwa obubaka buno obwa cytokine.

Obutoffaali buno obuyamba T busangibwa wa mu mubiri gwaffe?

Obutoffaali bwa T buzaalibwa mu busimu bw’amagumba obuli munda mu magumba gaffe. Naye eyo bali ng’abalongo. Batendekebwa ne bafuulibwa abajaasi abalungi mu ssomero eritendekebwa eriyitibwa thymus gland lye twayogeddeko emabegako. Mu ssomero lino ery'okutendekebwa mwe basomesebwa okwawula wakati wa "kano kasenge kaffe, kano mulabe okuva ebweru." Kino kikulu nnyo. Bwe kitaba ekyo, zisobola okulumba obutoffaali bwaffe.

Abajaasi bano abalina obukugu bwe bamala okutendekebwa, bateekebwa mu mubiri gwonna naddala mu bitundu abalabe we basinga okuyingira. Okusinziira ku kino, ebifo ebisinga okusangibwamu obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi bye bino:

• Lymph nodes - nga ebifo by’amagye.
• Ensigo z’omu lubuto
• Tonsils - Okusooka okukola ku buwuka obuyingira mu mumiro.
• Amawuggwe - eri obuwuka obuyingira nga buyita mu kussa.
• Ebyenda - eri obuwuka obuyingira n’emmere.
• Obusigo bw’amagumba

Endwadde ki ezikwata obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi?

Singa omulimu gw’obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi, obukola omulimu omukulu bwe gutyo, gukosebwa, abaserikale baffe bonna abaserikale bayinza okugwa. Kino kye kibaawo mu ndwadde ezimu.

• Akawuka ka siriimu (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Oyinza okuba nga wali owulidde ku siriimu. Akawuka kano kalumba butereevu obutoffaali bwaffe obwa T obuyambi. Kwe kugamba, kisaanyaawo abaduumizi b’eggye lyaffe. Abaduumizi bwe baggwaawo, tewali aduumira magye. N’ekyavaamu, abaserikale b’omubiri banafuwa ddala, era n’obuwuka mu budde obutuufu obutatuleetera bulabe bungi butandika okuleeta endwadde ez’amaanyi. Mukenenya gwe mutendera ogusembayo.
• Endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri: Oluusi, abaserikale baffe abaziyiza endwadde batambula bubi ne batandika okulumba obutoffaali bwaffe obulamu, nga balowooza nti balabe. Mu ndwadde ng’ezo, waliwo n’ebizibu ebimu ku nkola y’obutoffaali bwa T.
• Kookolo: Ebika bya kookolo ebimu, gamba nga acute lymphocytic leukemia ne adult Hodgkin lymphoma, bikosa butereevu obutoffaali buno obw’abaserikale b’omubiri.
• Endwadde z’obuzaale ezitatera kulabika: Enkola y’obutoffaali bwa T nayo ekosebwa mu mbeera nga Job syndrome ne Thymic aplasia (okulemererwa kw’endwadde z’omubiri (congenital failure of the thymus gland).

Bw’oba ​​olina okubuusabuusa kwonna ku mbeera yonna ku zino, kikulu nnyo okulaba omusawo amangu ddala akuwe amagezi.

Kiki kye tuyinza okukola okukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri nga balamu bulungi?

Buvunaanyizibwa bwaffe ffekka okukuuma ab’ebyokwerinda baffe nga banywevu. Tekyetaagisa nkyukakyuka za maanyi. Kyetaagisa okukyusakyusa mu bulamu obwangu.

• Endya Ennungi: Tulina okuwa amagye gaffe emmere eyetaagisa. Lya emmere ennungi omuli ebibala ebibisi, enva endiirwa, ebimera ebibisi, ebirungo ebizimba omubiri (nga ebyennyanja, amagi, n’ebinyeebwa), n’amasavu amalungi . Kendeeza ku byokunywa ebirimu ssukaali, emmere ey’obutonde n’emmere erimu amasavu nga bwe kisoboka.
• Otulo otumala: Otulo kye kiseera emibiri gyaffe we ​​giddaabiriza n’obutoffaali bwaffe obw’abaserikale b’omubiri ne buddamu amaanyi. Kikulu nnyo okufuna waakiri essaawa 7-8 ez’otulo obulungi, obutasalako ekiro .
• Dduyiro: Okukola dduyiro buli lunaku okutuuka ku ssa ly’okumenya entuuyo kiyamba okutambuza obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri mu mubiri gwonna. Gezaako okutambula, okudduka oba okuvuga obugaali okumala eddakiika ezitakka wansi wa 30 olunaku.
• Okukendeeza ku situleesi: Situleesi esukkiridde enafuya abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe. Wummuza ebirowoozo byo ng’okola ebintu ng’okufumiitiriza, yoga, okuwuliriza ennyimba oba okwenyigira mu mulimu gw’oyagala ennyo.
• Weewale okunywa sigala n’omwenge:Bano bombi balabe b’abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe. Bw’oba ​​onywa sigala, lekera awo. Kkomya omwenge nga bwe kisoboka.
• Obuyonjo: Okunaaba mu ngalo buli kiseera ne ssabbuuni kiyinza okukuyamba ennyo mu kutangira obuwuka okuyingira mu mubiri okuva ebweru.