Ka tuyige ku nkola eyasembyeyo ey’okuzuula kookolo n’ettondo ly’omusaayi (Liquid Biopsy)?

Abantu bangi batya bwe bawulira ekigambo "biopsy," nedda? Kya bulijjo okuwulira ng'otya katono nga bawulira ekigambo "biopsy." Naye teebereza singa waaliwo engeri gy’oyinza okumanyamu obutoffaali bwa kookolo ng’omira ettondo lyokka ery’omusaayi gwo? Ekyo kye tuyita tekinologiya ono eyeewuunyisa, ow'omulembe, "Liquid Biopsy." Kino kireese essuubi ddene eri abo abalwanyisa kookolo.

Mu ngeri ennyangu, kino Liquid Biopsy kye ki?

Liquid Biopsy nkola ya njawulo ey’okukebera omusaayi era ekozesebwa okuzuula ebizimba. Teebereza nti ekizimba bwe kikula mu mubiri gwaffe ne kikula, obutundutundu obutono obw’ekizimba bukutuka ne buyingira mu musaayi. Nga ebitundu bya pulasita bwe bigwa ku bbugwe omukadde. Tusobola okuzuula ebitundu bya kookolo ebiyingira mu musaayi n’okukebera kuno okwa Liquid Biopsy.

Waliwo ebintu bibiri ebikulu ebiyinza okubaawo mu musaayi:

• Obutoffaali bw’ekizimba obutambula (CTCs): Buno butoffaali bwa kookolo bwonna obukutuse okuva ku kizimba ne butambula mu mubiri gwonna nga buyita mu musaayi.
• Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA): Bino bitundutundu bitonotono ebikwata ku buzaale (DNA) munda mu butoffaali bwa kookolo. DNA eringa "blueprint" erimu ebiragiro byonna obutoffaali bye bwetaaga okukola. Obutoffaali bwa kookolo bwe bufa, ebitundu bino ebya DNA bikuŋŋaanyizibwa mu musaayi.

Okubeera ne CTC oba ctDNA zino mu musaayi gwo kiraga bulungi nti waliwo kookolo awalala mu mubiri gwo. Ate era, ebitundu bino eby’amawulire bisobola okutuwa amagezi mangi ku mawulire g’obuzaale bwa kookolo. Ng’akozesa amawulire ago, omusawo wo asobola okukuyamba okusalawo obujjanjabi obusinga okukuyamba.

Ono akyali tekinologiya mupya nnyo, naye bannassaayansi balowooza nti ayinza okukyusa mu bujjanjabi bwa kookolo. Waliwo dda okugezesebwa okuwerako okwakkirizibwa ebitongole nga ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA).

Kino kyawukana kitya ku biopsy eya bulijjo?

Waliwo enjawulo nnene wakati w’ebintu bino byombi. Mu biopsy eya bulijjo, sampuli y’ebitundu by’omubiri eggyibwa butereevu mu kizimba kya kookolo ne bikeberebwa. Wabula mu kukebera omubiri (liquid biopsy), sampuli teggyibwa mu kizimba. Wabula, enoonya obujulizi obulaga nti waliwo kookolo (obutoffaali bwa kookolo oba ebitundu bya DNA) mu musaayi.

Katutunuulire emmeeza eno okwongera okunnyonnyola enjawulo eriwo wakati w’ebintu bino byombi.

Mu kukebera omubiri (liquid biopsy), waliwo emikisa mitono nti ne bwe wabaawo kookolo mu mubiri, omusaayi oguggyibwa mu kiseera ekyo tegujja kubaamu butoffaali bwa kookolo. Kyokka singa kookolo azuulibwa, amawulire g’awa ga mugaso nnyo mu kutegeka obujjanjabi.

Mu mbeera ki okukebera omubiri mu mazzi ( liquid biopsy) kwe kukolebwa?

Omusawo atera okuteesa okukebera kuno eri abalwadde abalina kookolo asinga okukula era nga asaasaanidde mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala (metastatic cancer). Kino kibayamba okusalawo ekiddako naddala ng’obujjanjabi obuliwo kati tebukola bulungi.

Waliwo ensonga enkulu eziwerako eziviirako okukola okugezesebwa kuno:

1. Okuzuula enteekateeka y’okuteebereza

Omuwendo gwa CTCs (obutoffaali bwa kookolo) mu musaayi gusobola okuwa endowooza enzijuvu ku mbeera y’omulwadde. Omuwendo omutono ogwa CTCs mu musaayi kitegeeza embeera nnungi nnyo. Wabula singa wabaawo CTC nnyingi, kitegeeza nti obulwadde buba buzibu katono. Mu ngeri eno abasawo basobola okukola okukebera kuno oluusi n’oluusi, ne balaba engeri obulwadde gye bukwatamu obujjanjabi, n’okukyusa obujjanjabi okusinziira ku bujjanjabi.

2. Okusalawo ku bujjanjabi

Guno gwe gumu ku migaso egy’omuwendo ennyo egy’okukebera ebitundu by’omubiri (Liquid Biopsy). Obutoffaali bwa kookolo obumu bulina ensobi ezenjawulo mu buzaale. Waliwo eddagala eryetongodde erigenderera enkyukakyuka ezo zokka. Kino tukiyita ``obujjanjabi obugendereddwamu''. Mu ngeri ennyangu, kiringa kkufulu esobola okuggulwawo n’ekisumuluzo ekigere. Liquid Biopsy esobola okukubuulira ekika kya "lock" obutoffaali bwo obwa kookolo bwe bulina. Olwo omusawo wo asobola okukuwa "ekisumuluzo" (eddagala) ekituufu ku ekyo.

3. Singa biopsy eya bulijjo tesobola kukolebwa

Oluusi omulwadde ayinza okuba omunafu ennyo n’atasobola kwekebejjebwa buli kiseera. Oba ekizimba kiyinza okuba mu kitundu ky’ekitundu ekikwata ennyo era ekizibu okutuukako, gamba ng’obwongo oba amawuggwe. Singa ekitundu kisalibwa okuva mu kifo ng’ekyo, wabaawo akabi ak’okwonoona ebitundu ebiramu ebikyetoolodde. Mu mbeera ng’ezo, okukebera ebitundu by’omubiri ebitaliimu bulabe mu mazzi kya mugaso nnyo.

Biki ebikkiriziddwa mu kiseera kino ebikeberebwa ebya Liquid Biopsy?

Okunoonyereza kungi okugenda mu maaso okwetoloola ensi yonna. Mu kiseera kino waliwo okugezesebwa okunene okuwerako okukkiriziddwa ekitongole kya FDA mu Amerika, ekitegeeza nti kukebereddwa bulungi okulaba oba tekulina bulabe era nga kutuufu:

• Cell Search® Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Test: Kino kipima omuwendo gwa CTCs (obutoffaali bwa kookolo) mu musaayi. Kikozesebwa okulondoola embeera y’abalwadde abalina kookolo w’amabeere, enseke n’ekyenda ekinene asaasaanidde mu mubiri gwonna.
• cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2: Kino kikebera ctDNA (ebitundu bya DNA ya kookolo). Kizuula enkyukakyuka mu ggiini ya EGFR, ezitera okubeera mu kookolo w’amawuggwe (non-small cell lung cancer - NSCLC). Okusinziira ku kino, `obujjanjabi obugendereddwamu` obusinga okutuukirawo busobola okulondebwa.
• Guardant360® CDx: Kino nakyo kinoonya ctDNA. Kizuula enkyukakyuka mu buzaale ezitera okulabika mu bika bya kookolo ebiwerako era kiyamba abasawo okulonda obujjanjabi obusinga okukola obulungi.
• FoundationOne® Liquid CDx: Kino nakyo kigezo kya ctDNA ekikozesebwa okuzuula enkyukakyuka mu buzaale mu bika bya kookolo eby’enjawulo, ekiyinza okuyamba okuzuula obujjanjabi obusinga okukola obulungi.

Okugezesebwa kuno kuluma? Kitwala bbanga ki okufuna ebyavaamu?

Ekisinga obulungi ku Liquid Biopsy kwe kuba nti nkola nnyangu nnyo, etaliimu bulumi. Kiba ng’okuwa omusaayi okukeberebwa omusaayi buli kiseera. Tewali bulumi okuggyako okulumwa katono ng’empiso eyingiziddwa.

Omusaayi gwo gusindikibwa mu laabu, abakugu mu by’endwadde gye baawulamu omusaayi okuva mu musaayi ne bagukebera oba teguliimu CTC oba ctDNA. Ebiseera ebisinga kitwala wiiki bbiri oba ssatu okufuna ebyavaamu.

Ebivuddemu bikutegeeza oba omusaayi gwo gulimu obutoffaali bwa kookolo oba ebitundu bya DNA (positive) oba nedda (negative). Singa balina obulwadde buno, okukeberebwa okumu kuyinza n’okuzuula ekika kya kookolo kye bava n’enkyukakyuka z’obuzaale ze balina.