Waliwo obuzibu ku oxygen mu musaayi? Ka tuyige ku bulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia!

Wali olabye olususu n’emimwa gy’omuntu nga bikyuka omulundi gumu langi ya bbululu eyeewuunyisa? Oba owulidde nti abalongo abamu bazaalibwa bbululu katono? Ensonga emu lwaki kino eyinza okuba nga ya buzibu bwa musaayi obutatera kulabika nnyo, naye nga buyinza okuba obw’amaanyi. Leero tugenda kwogera ku mbeera emu ng'ezo , methemoglobinemia . Abantu abamu era bakiyita "blue baby syndrome."

Ddala obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia kye ki?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia mbeera ng’obutoffaali obumyufu mu musaayi gwaffe tebusobola kutambuza mukka gwa oxygen mu butoffaali n’ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala. Lowooza ku kino, obutoffaali obumyufu bwe buyamba okutambuza omukka gwa oxygen mu mibiri gyaffe gyonna, nedda? Obutoffaali buno obumyufu bubaamu puloteyina ey'enjawulo eyitibwa hemoglobin . Kiringa bbaasi era hemoglobin eno etambuza omukka gwa oxygen mu mubiri gwonna.

Naye mu mbeera eno eyitibwa ``Methemoglobinemia``, ekibaawo nti ``Hemoglobin`` yaffe etambuza omukka gwa oxygen ekyuka n'efuuka ekintu eky'ekika eky'enjawulo ekiyitibwa ``Methemoglobin.`` Ekizibu kiri nti, kino ``Methemoglobin`` tesobola kutambuza oxygen. Kiringa bbaasi etambuza omukka gwa oxygen bw’emenyeka n’etesobola kutambuza basaabaze.

Embeera eno esobola okusikira (genetically) mu bantu abamu. Naye emirundi egisinga kiva ku ddagala erimu lye tukozesa, eddagala ery’okwesanyusaamu, oba okubeera n’eddagala erimu . Oluusi kiyinza okutta obulamu naddala mu baana abazaalibwa n’embeera eno ey’amaanyi n’abantu abakozesa ebiragalalagala. Wabula emirundi egisinga abasawo basobola okuwandiika eddagala okukendeeza ku muwendo gwa ``Methemoglobin`` n'okumalawo obubonero.

Kino kikwata kitya ku mubiri gwange?

Abantu bangi abalina obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia bafuna embeera eyitibwa cyanosis . Cyanosis y’enjala, olulimi, emimwa n’olususu bwe bifuuka langi ya bbululu oba kakobe. Kino kibaawo ng’omusaayi gwo tegulina mukka gwa oxygen gumala. Nga bwe nnagambye emabegako, obutoffaali obumyufu bwe butera okutambuza omukka gwa oxygen mu mubiri gwonna. Puloteeni eyitibwa hemoglobin eyamba mu kino.

Mu methemoglobinemia, ``Methemoglobinemia`` ebaawo nga ``Hemoglobin`` efuuse ``Methemoglobin``, oba olw'enkyukakyuka mu buzaale oba ekintu ekirala eky'ebweru. Okuva ``Methemoglobin`` bwetasobola kutambuza oxygen, obungi bwa oxygen mu musaayi bukendeera era ofuna ``Cyanosis``.

Bubonero ki obulaga obulwadde bwa Methemoglobinemia?

Obubonero buyinza okwawukana okusinziira ku muntu, era n’okusinziira ku kika ky’obulwadde bw’olina. Ka tulabe engeri obubonero buno gye butera okweyoleka.

Obubonero bw’obulwadde bwa Acquired Methemoglobinemia

Abantu bangi bafuna embeera eno oluvannyuma lw’okumira eddagala erimu eriweweeza ku bulumi, eddagala, oba okubeera mu bintu eby’obutwa . Kino kiyitibwa acquired methemoglobinemia. Obubonero obuyinza okubaawo mulimu:

• Olususu olumyufu (olumyufu) .
• Okuwulira nga okooye nnyo (obukoowu) .
• Obunafu
• Okulumizibwa omutwe

Oluusi, abantu abalina obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obufunibwa bayinza okufuna obubonero obw’amaanyi obwetaagisa okujjanjabibwa amangu . Mu bino mulimu:

• Okuziyira n’okusiiyibwa.
• Otulo otuyitiridde, okwogera obubi, n’okulwawo okuddamu: Bino biyinza okuba obubonero obulaga nti obusimu obukola emirimu egy’omu makkati giwuubaala .
• Okubulwa okutegeera oba okutambula kw’omubiri okutafugibwa (nga okukonziba): Buno bubonero bwa kukonziba olw’okusannyalala .
• Okussa amangu, omutima okweyongera okukuba, n’okutabulwa: Buno bubonero bwa mbeera eyitibwa metabolic acidosis .

Ekikulu: Singa omuntu ali naawe alaga obubonero buno bwonna obw’obulwadde bw’okusannyalala, `(Metabolic Acidosis)` oba `(Central Nervous System Depression)`, olina okukuba amangu ddala 1990 n’oyita ambyulensi .

Obubonero bw’obulwadde bwa Methemoglobinemia obuzaalibwa

Obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obuzaalibwa nabwo mbeera etali ya bulijjo nnyo. Abantu batono ddala be baakakwatibwa mu nsi yonna. Okusinziira ku mawulire ago, abasawo bagagabanyizzaamu ebika bisatu ebikulu: Obulwadde obw’ekika kya 1, obw’ekika kya 2, n’obulwadde bwa Hemoglobin M (HbM) .

• Abantu abalina obulwadde bwa hemoglobin M (HbM) batera okuba n’obulwadde bwa cyanosis (olususu lwa bbululu), naye okutwalira awamu baba balamu bulungi.
• Wadde ng’abantu abalina obulwadde bwa Type 1 methemoglobinemia (Type 1 MetHb) nabo balina obulwadde bwa cyanosis, ebizibu ebirala ebikulu eby’obulamu tebitera kubaawo.
• Wabula abaana abazaalibwa n’obulwadde bwa Type 2 methemoglobinemia (Type 2 MetHb) basobola okufuna obuzibu obw’amaanyi mu busimu nga bawezezza emyezi nga 9. Eky’ennaku, abalongo bano tebawangaala.

Lwaki obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia bubaawo?

Embeera eno esobola okusikira, oba nga bwe nnagambye emabegako, era eyinza okuva oluvannyuma ku ddagala erimu, eddagala oba eddagala ery’obutwa.

Ebivaako obulwadde bwa Methemoglobinemia obufunibwa

• Eddagala eriweweeza ku bulumi nga benzocaine ne lidocaine (naddala eryo erisangibwa mu ggelu eziteekebwa ku mubiri n’ebifuuyira) n’eddagala eritta obuwuka erya dapsone liyinza okuleeta kino.
• Nitrates ezikozesebwa mu ddagala erimu, Nitrites, eziyinza okuba mu birungo ebikuuma emmere n’amazzi agamu ag’oluzzi, n’okukwatibwa eddagala erimu eritta omuddo erikozesebwa mu bulimi nabyo bye bivaako.
• Abantu abakozesa eddagala ery’okwesanyusaamu nga amyl nitrite (era emanyiddwa nga poppers), nitrous oxide (omukka oguseka), n’eddagala erimu eribudamya nga litabuddwamu ebiragalalagala nga cocaine bali mu bulabe obw’amaanyi obw’okufuna ebizibu by’obujjanjabi ebiyinza okutta obulamu olw’omuwendo gwa methemoglobin omungi ennyo.

Ebivaako obulwadde bwa Methemoglobinemia obuzaalibwa

Obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obuzaaliranwa (Congenital MetHb) buva ku nkyukakyuka bbiri ez’enjawulo mu buzaale.

• Mu bika 1 ne 2 , enkyukakyuka mu buzaale bwa CYB5R etaataaganya bbalansi wakati wa hemoglobin ne methemoglobin mu butoffaali obumyufu.
• Obulwadde bwa Hemoglobin M (HbM) buva ku nkyukakyuka mu buzaale bwa Hemoglobin M obuwerako.

Obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obuzaalibwa nabwo bulwadde bwa autosomal recessive . Mu ngeri ennyangu, omwana okusobola okufuna obulwadde buno, abazadde bombi balina okuba nga be basitula enkyukakyuka y’obuzaale era omwana alina okusikira enkyukakyuka eyo okuva ku bombi.

Obulwadde bwa hemoglobin M (HbM) bulwadde obufuga obusimu obuyitibwa autosomal dominant disease . Kino kitegeeza nti omwana asobola okufuna obulwadde buno ne bw’aba asikira enkyukakyuka y’obuzaale okuva ku muzadde omu yekka.

Abasawo kino bakizuula batya?

Abasawo bazuula embeera eno nga bakutwala ebyafaayo byo byonna eby'obujjanjabi ne bakukebera omubiri . Singa omuntu aba n’obubonero bw’obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obuyitibwa acquired methemoglobinemia, ayinza okubuuza ku ddagala lyonna ly’akozesa oba eddagala ery’obutwa ly’ayinza okuba nga yakwatibwa.

Bikebere ki ebikolebwa okuzuula kino?

Ebigezo bino bitera okukolebwa:

• Okukebera omusaayi: Omusaayi oguggyibwa mu misuwa gy’abantu abalina embeera eno gutera kuba gwa langi ya kitaka enzirugavu. Langi eno eya kitaka enzirugavu kitegeeza nti emisuwa tegitambuza bulungi mukka gwa oxygen mu musaayi.
• Okukebera omutindo gwa methemoglobin (MetHb): Kino kipima obungi bwa methemoglobin bw’eri mu musaayi gwo.
• Enkola y’enziyiza ya CYB5R: Singa emirimu gy’enziyiza eno eba wansi okusinga eya bulijjo, kabonero akalaga nti obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obuzaalibwa.
• Genotyping: Bw’oba ​​oteebereza nti olina obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obuzaalibwa, DNA yo ejja kukeberebwa okulaba oba waliwo enkyukakyuka mu buzaale okukakasa nti ozudde. Kino era kiyinza okuyamba okuzuula ekika ky’obulwadde.
• Okukola amasannyalaze ga Hemoglobin:Eno nkola ya kukebera ``Hemoglobin`` mu butoffaali obumyufu. Okukebera kuno kuyinza okukozesebwa okuzuula obulwadde bwa hemoglobin M ``(HbM).``

Kino kikwatibwa kitya?

Enkola z’obujjanjabi zaawukana okusinziira ku kika ky’obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia bw’olina. Okugeza, obujjanjabi bw’omwana omuwere azaalibwa n’ekika kya 2 bwa njawulo nnyo ku bujjanjabi bw’omuntu eyafuna embeera eno ng’ayita mu kukwatibwa eddagala ery’obutwa oba okukozesa eddagala.

• Abantu abalina obulwadde bwa Type 1 Methemoglobinemia oba Hemoglobin M bayinza obuteetaaga bujjanjabi. Bwe kiba kyetaagisa, abasawo bayinza okukozesa eddagala lino okukendeeza ku muwendo gwa Methemoglobin:
• Methylene Blue: Lino lye ddagala erisinga okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia.
• Vitamiini C ne vitamiini B2.

Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa Methemoglobinemia obufunibwa

Okusinziira ku mbeera, obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obufunibwa buyinza okuba obw’amangu obw’obujjanjabi. Mu mbeera ng’ezo, kiyinza okwetaagisa okufuyira amazzi mu misuwa n’okuyingiza omukka gwa oxygen . Emirundi mingi, abantu abalina obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obufunibwa baweebwa bbululu wa methylene .

Bizibu ki ebiva mu bujjanjabi?

Singa omuntu alina G6PD Deficiency (nayo embeera y’obuzaale) aweebwa obujjanjabi bwa methylene blue obutasalako, embeera eyitibwa hemolysis esobola okubaawo. Hemolysis kwe kumenya obutoffaali bwo obumyufu nga tebunnatuuka oba nga tekyetaagisa.

Nsobola okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okulwala obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia?

• Abantu abasikira enjawulo y’obuzaale ey’embeera eno balina okwewala eddagala ery’obutwa (e.g. eddagala eritta ebiwuka), eddagala erimu, n’eddagala lingi ery’okubudamya mu kitundu eriyinza okwongera ku muwendo gwa methemoglobin. Bw’oba ​​olina embeera eno, buuza omusawo wo ku biki by’oyinza okuba nga olina alergy.
• Abantu abakozesa ebiragalalagala nga amyl nitrite oba cocaine beeteeka mu bulabe obw’okulwala obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia. Bw’oba ​​okozesa eddagala lino era nga weetaaga okuyambibwa okulekera awo, yogerako n’omusawo ku bujjanjabi obuliwo.

Kiki ekibaawo singa mba n’embeera eno?

Emirundi egisinga, obujjanjabi busobola okumalawo obubonero. Abantu abasinga obungi abalina obulwadde bwa Type 1 Congenital Methemoglobinemia, oba Hemoglobin M, tebalina bubonero butono. Ebiseera ebisinga bawangaala ng’omuntu atalina mbeera.

Nze nneerabirira ntya?

• Okutwaliza awamu, abantu abazaalibwa n'engeri y'obulwadde bwa ``congenital`` balina okwegendereza eddagala n'eddagala eriyinza okusajjula obulwadde buno. Olw’okuba embeera ya buli muntu ya njawulo katono, kirungi weebuuze ku musawo.
• Abantu abalina obulwadde bwa acquired methemoglobinemia (Acquired MetHb) balina okwewala ddala ebintu ebibuleeta – gamba ng’eddagala, eddagala eriweweeza ku bulumi eriweebwa ku mubiri, oba eddagala ery’obutwa.

Ddi lwe nnina okulaba omusawo?

• Bw’oba ​​olina obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obusibuka, laba omusawo singa olaba enkyukakyuka mu mubiri gwo, gamba ng’okukoowa oba okukoowa. Buno buyinza okuba obubonero obulaga nti obutoffaali bwo obumyufu tebukyasobola kutambuza mukka gwa oxygen mu mubiri gwo gwonna.
• Bw’oba ​​olina obubonero obw’amaanyi nga cyanosis (olususu lwa bbululu) wamu n’okukonziba oba otulo okuyitiridde, kuba 911 mu bwangu oba genda mu kitongole ky’eddwaaliro eky’amangu ekikuli okumpi.

Bibuuzo ki bye nnina okubuuza omusawo?

Methemoglobinemia bulwadde bwa musaayi obutatera kulabika nnyo. Abantu abamu bagisikira (Congenital MetHb), naye abantu abasinga bagifuna oluvannyuma (Acquired MetHb). Okusinziira ku mbeera yo, oyinza okwagala okubuuza omusawo ebibuuzo nga:

Ebikwata ku bulwadde bwa Methemoglobinemia obufunibwa (Acquired MetHb):

• Lwaki kino kyantuukako?
• Obujjanjabi bunaafuula obubonero bwange okuggwaawo?
• Obubonero bwange buyinza okuddamu?
• Nkole ki okutangira ekintu nga kino okuddamu okubaawo?

Ebikwata ku Type 1 Congenital MetHb:

• Obulwadde bwa cyanosis (olususu olwa bbululu) kizibu kya maanyi mu by’obujjanjabi?
• Bulijjo nja kuba nnina okumira obujjanjabi bwa methemoglobinemia (MetHb)?
• Nsobola okuba n’obubonero obulala?
• Abaana bange basobola okusikira embeera eno?

Ekika kya 2 Congenital MetHb (bwe kiba mu mwana):

• Embeera eno ejja kukwata etya omwana wange?
• Waliwo obujjanjabi okukendeeza ku bubonero bw’omwana wange?
• Kiki kye nnyinza okukola okuyamba omwana wange?
• Singa nfuna abaana abawera, kino nabo kinaabatuukako?

Mu bufunze (Obubaka bw’okutwala awaka)

Methemoglobinemia bulwadde bwa musaayi obutatera kulabika nga bukosa obusobozi bw’obutoffaali bwaffe obumyufu okutambuza omukka gwa oxygen okwetoloola omubiri. Abamu busikira, naye abantu abasinga buva ku ddagala erimu, okubeera n’eddagala ery’obutwa, oba okukozesa ebiragalalagala eby’okwesanyusaamu. Obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obuzaalibwa (naddala ekika kya 2) oluusi busobola okuleeta obuzibu obw’amaanyi mu busimu, naye emirundi egisinga tebuleeta buzibu bwa bulamu bwa maanyi. Kyokka, obulwadde bwa methemoglobinemia obufunibwa (acquired methemoglobinemia) oluusi buyinza okutta omuntu.

Ekisinga obukulu bw’oba ​​olowooza nti oli mu bulabe bw’okufuna obulwadde buno, totya kwogera na musawo ku nsonga eno. Ajja kusanyuka okukuyamba.

` Methemoglobinemia, Methemoglobinemia, Blue baby syndrome, Cyanosis, Obutabeera na oxygen mu musaayi, Hemoglobin, Endwadde z’omusaayi, Endwadde z’obuzaale