Amaanyi Ageewuunyisa ag’Obwongo Bwo: Neuroplasticity kye ki?

Olowooza obwongo bwo bulijjo bwe bumu era tebukyuka? Si bwe kiri. Obwongo bwaffe kitundu kya kitalo ekikyukakyuka buli kiseera mu bulamu bwaffe bwonna, ekikyukakyuka nga bwe tuyiga ebintu ebipya, era nga kyeyongera amaanyi olw’obumanyirivu. Obusobozi buno obw’ekyewuunyo obw’obwongo okukyusa n’okukyusakyusa mu ngeri eno bwe tuyita neuroplasticity mu busawo. Mu ngeri ennyangu, bw’oyiga ekintu ekipya, bwe weegezaamu obukugu obupya, oba bw’ofuna enneewulira ey’amaanyi ng’ennaku oba okwewuunya, obwongo bwo bukyukakyuka okusinziira ku ekyo. Enkola eyamba kino okubaawo eyitibwa neuroplasticity.

Obusimu obuyitibwa neuroplasticity bukosa butya obulamu bwaffe?

Kuba akafaananyi ng’omuntu abuze obusobozi bw’okwogera olw’embeera ng’okusannyalala oba okusannyalala. Naye ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, ekitundu ekirala eky’obwongo ekitayonoonebwa kitwala omulimu gw’okwogera. Mpola mpola, omuntu oyo ng’ateredde, asobola okukozesa ekitundu ekirala eky’obwongo okuddamu okwogera. Kino kyakulabirako kituukiridde eky’obusimu obuyitibwa neuroplasticity. Mu ngeri y’emu, omuntu alina obuzibu mu kuwulira ayinza okuba n’obusimu obusongovu ennyo obw’okulaba oba okuwunyiriza. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga obwongo bwongera ku nkola y’obusimu obulala okusobola okusasula okufiirwa. Buli bumanyirivu bwe tulina, buli nkolagana gye tulina, ereetera omukutu gw’obusimu wakati w’obusimu mu bwongo bwaffe okuddamu okuzimbibwa n’okuddamu okutegekebwa. Mu kusooka, obwongo bwe bumanyiira ekintu ekipya, omulimu gwabwo gwokka gwe gukyuka. Kino tukiyita Functional Plasticity . Naye bw’okola ekintu kye kimu emirundi n’emirundi, ensengekera y’obwongo etandika okukyuka. Kino tukiyita Structural Plasticity . Teebereza ng’ogezaako okulongoosa enkola yo ey’okukuba ng’ozannya cricket. Olina emikono gyombi, naye kati ogikozesa mu ngeri empya, esingako obulungi. Mu kiseera kye kimu, obusimu obuyitibwa neurons mu bwongo bwo obukwatagana n’ekikolwa ekyo butandika okukuba amasasi awamu mu ngeri empya. Bw’ogenda mu maaso n’okwegezangamu, ebiyungo ebipya n’eby’amaanyi (synapses) bitondebwawo wakati w’obusimu obwo. Kino kye kitegeeza okuyiga.

Ezimu ku ngeri enkulu neuroplasticity gy’ekola

Waliwo engeri nnyingi ez’enjawulo obwongo gye bukyuka munda mu ndowooza ya neuroplasticity. Ka tulabe ebitonotono ku byo.

• Okutondebwa kw’obutoffaali bw’obusimu obupya (Neurogenesis):Obwongo bw’omuntu omukulu bukola obusimu obupya butono nnyo okusinga omwana, naye abakugu balowooza nti enkola eno ekyabeerawo mu hippocampus , ekitundu ky’obwongo ekikulu mu bintu ng’okujjukira n’okuyiga.
• Dendritic Branching: Obutoffaali bw’obusimu bwe bwonoonebwa, obutoffaali bw’obusimu obulamu obuli okumpi bukula amatabi amapya (dendrites) okuyamba okuziba ekituli. Kino kiyamba okuzzaawo emirimu mu kifo ekyonoonese.
• Synaptogenesis: Ekikolwa kye kimu bwe kiddibwamu, obutoffaali bw’obusimu obukwatagana bukuba wamu, era oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera, ensengekera empya (synapses) ekolebwa wakati wabwo. Kino kibaawo mangu nnyo mu buto.
• Okunyweza obusimu (Synaptic Strengthening): Bw’ogenda mu maaso n’okwegezangamu ekintu ekipya, enkolagana z’obusimu (synapses) ezikwatagana nakyo zeeyongera amaanyi. Kino kifuula empuliziganya wakati w’obusimu obuyitibwa neurons okukola obulungi.
• Synaptic Pruning: Teebereza nti tokozesezza kintu ky’oyize. Olwo ebiyungo by’obusimu ebyakolebwa ebikwatagana nabyo bisobola okunafuwa ne bibula. Kino mu butuufu si kintu kibi. Kiba ng'obwongo "okwerongoosa" nga buggyawo ebintu ebiteetaagisa. Kino kifuula obwongo okukola obulungi.

Emisingi gy’Obusimu: Otendeka Otya Obwongo?

Singa obwongo bwaffe bukyuka olw’ebyo bye tuyitamu, tusobola okutumbula enkola eno nga tuwa obwongo ebintu ebisingawo eby’omugaso? Tusobola okukozesa okumanya kuno okuyamba obwongo okuddamu okwonooneka? Yee. Okusinziira ku ndowooza zino, abanoonyereza Jeffrey A. Kleim ne Theresa A. Jones baaleeta emisingi 10 egy’obusimu obuyitibwa neuroplasticity. Bannyonnyola engeri okuyiga gye kuyamba obwongo okuwona okuva mu kwonooneka.

Kiki kye tuyinza okukola okutumbula obulamu bw’obwongo n’obusimu obukola obusimu?

Dr. Tansy awa amagezi abo abaagala okukuuma obwongo nga bulamu bulungi n'okukozesa obulungi obusobozi buno obuyitibwa neuroplasticity okugoberera enteekateeka ya "SHIELD".

• S - Okwebaka: Funa otulo otulungi okumala essaawa 7-8 buli kiro. Otulo kyetaagisa nnyo mu kunyweza ebijjukizo n’okuggya obutwa obuteetaagibwa mu bwongo (e.g. ebipande ebiyinza okuleeta obulwadde bw’okusannyalala).
• H - Handle Stress : Funa engeri gy'oyinza okuddukanyaamu situleesi yo. Kiyinza okuba okufumiitiriza, okukola dduyiro, ekintu ky’oyagala ennyo, oba okusoma ekitabo. Situleesi okumala ebbanga eddene esobola okuvaako okuzimba mu bwongo.
• I - Okukolagana n‟abalala: Kuuma enkolagana ey‟amaanyi mu bantu, gamba ng‟okwogera n‟okukolagana n‟emikwano emirungi n‟abooluganda. Kino kikuuma obulamu bw'obwongo .
• E - Dduyiro: Weenyigira mu dduyiro ow’ekigero oba ow’amaanyi waakiri eddakiika 150 buli wiiki (ennaku 5, eddakiika 30 buli lunaku). Dduyiro ayamba okukula kw’obutoffaali obupya obw’obusimu.
• L - Yiga ebintu ebipya: Yiga era weegezeemu ebintu ebipya, obukugu obupya, obukusoomooza. Kino kinyweza obusimu obuyitibwa synapses mu bwongo bwo.
• D - Endya : Endya erimu enva endiirwa, ebibala, ebinyeebwa, emmere ey’empeke , amasavu amalungi , n’ennyama emmyufu entono (e.g., emmere ya Mediterranean) ya mugaso nnyo eri obwongo.

Neuroplasticity yeeyongera oluvannyuma lw’okulumwa obwongo oba okusannyalala okuyamba mu nkola y’okudda engulu. Ng’ekyokulabirako, obusobozi buno buba ku ntikko mu myezi ebiri oba esatu egisooka oluvannyuma lw’okusannyalala. N’olwekyo, kikulu nnyo okufuna obujjanjabi obutuufu obw’okuddaabiriza mu kiseera kino. Yogerako n’omusawo wo ku nsonga eno ofune obulagirizi obutuufu.