Lymphocytes kye ki? Ka tuyige ku magye g'omubiri gwaffe!

Wali otunuulidde omusaayi n’olaba omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuzungu (WBCs) obulimu? Ng’oggyeeko obutoffaali obumyufu obuwa omusaayi gwaffe langi emmyufu, tulina n’obutoffaali obweru obukulu ennyo eri omubiri gwaffe. Obutoffaali buno obweru ge ggye lyaffe erikuuma omubiri gwaffe okuva ku ndwadde n’obuwuka. Abaserikale abasinga okuba ab’enjawulo era abakugu mu ggye eryo be lymphocytes ze twogerako leero.

Omulimu gwa lymphocytes gukola gutya?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes gwe mugongo gw’abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe. Zikola ebitundu nga 20% ku 40% ku butoffaali bwaffe obweru bwonna. Okufaananako eggye erikuuma ensi, obutoffaali buno bulwanyisa abalabe abayingira mu mubiri gwaffe. Abalabe bano bayinza okuba:

• Akawuka
• Obuwuuka obuyitibwa bacteria
• Obutoffaali bwa kookolo

Amangu ago lymphocytes zitandika okukola okulwanyisa omulumbaganyi yenna omugwira (tuyita antigens zino). Era lymphocytes zino zirina obusobozi obw’ekyewuunyo ennyo. Ekyo kwe kujjukira . Teebereza, bw’omala okufuna obulwadde bwa ssennyiga ng’okyali mwana muto, toddamu kufuna bulwadde bwa ssennyiga. Ensonga lwaki kino kibaawo eri nti akawuka ka ssennyiga bwe kayingira mu mubiri gwaffe, obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa lymphocytes bubutegeera ne bulwanyisa. Olwo, zitereka ekijjukizo ky'akawuka ako mu ngeri ya "obutoffaali obujjukira". Singa akawuka kaddamu okuyingira mu mubiri gwaffe, obutoffaali buno obw’okujjukira butegeera amangu ddala nga bulaba ne busaanyaawo mangu. Nga tetunnaba na kulwala! Eddagala lye tukozesa okwekuuma endwadde likola ku musingi guno. Lymphocytes zikolebwa mu busimu bwaffe obw’amagumba. Okuva awo, zongerwa ku musaayi ne zisaasaana mu nkola yaffe yonna ey’amazzi. Enkola y’amazzi (lymphatic system) erimu ebitundu nga ennywanto zaffe (lymph nodes) ne thymus gland.

Bika ki ebikulu eby’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes?

Lymphocytes zisobola okwawulwamu ebika bibiri ebikulu: B cells ne T cells. Ebintu bino ebibiri bwe bigatta awamu binyweza abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe.

Engeri Obutoffaali bwa B gye Bukolamu

Obutoffaali bwa B bwe butegeera antigen, buddamu mu ngeri bbiri. 1. Primary Immune Response: Omulundi ogusooka antigen okuyingira mu mubiri, obutoffaali bwa B bugitegeera, era obutoffaali bwa B obumu ne bufuuka obutoffaali obujjukira. Endala zifuuka obutoffaali bwa plasma ne zitandika okukola obuziyiza obuziyiza endwadde obukwata ku antigen eyo. Kino kiyinza okutwala ennaku eziwerako. 2. Secondary Immune Response: Singa antigen y’emu eddamu okusangibwa, obutoffaali obujjukira bugitegeera mangu, ne bukola mangu obutoffaali bwa plasma, era ne bukola mangu obuziyiza obwetaagisa.

Ebika by’obutoffaali bwa T

Obutoffaali bwa T tebusobola kukola bwokka, bwetaaga obuyambi okuva mu butoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde. Oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obuyambi, obutoffaali bwa T bwawukana mu bika ebiwerako ne bukola.

• Cytotoxic/Killer T cells: Buno bugenda butereevu mu butoffaali obulina akawuka oba obutoffaali bwa kookolo ne busaanyawo.
• Obutoffaali bwa T obuyamba: Nga erinnya bwe liraga, buno buyamba obutoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde. Zikola ebintu ng’okuyamba obutoffaali bwa B okukola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde n’okukola obutoffaali bwa T obutta.
• Obutoffaali bwa T obulung’amya : Buno buziyiza abaserikale b’omubiri okukola ekisusse n’okwonoona emibiri gyaffe. Kwe kugamba, be bafuga enkola.

Okebera otya emiwendo gya lymphocyte?

Waliwo okukebera omusaayi okuwerako okuyinza okukolebwa okuzuula obungi bw’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi bwo.

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Eno ye lipoota y’emu eya FBC ( Full Blood Count ) gye tutera okukola. Kipima obungi bwa buli kintu ekiri mu musaayi, omuli obutoffaali obumyufu, obutoffaali obweru, n’obutoffaali obuyitibwa platelets.
• Okupima obutoffaali obukulukuta:Kino kigezo kizibu katono okusinga CBC. Kisobola okubala ebika by’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi eby’enjawulo, gamba ng’obutoffaali bwa B n’obutoffaali bwa T, n’okuzuula emiwendo gyabyo emituufu.
• B ne T cell screen: Okukebera kuno kuyinza okulagira omusawo wo singa oteebereza nti olina obuzibu mu baserikale b’omubiri . Era asobola okuyamba okuzuula kookolo w’omusaayi oba mu busimu bw’amagumba.

Ka tuyige ku kweyongera n’okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes.

Enkula y’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes eya bulijjo esobola okwawukana katono okusinziira ku myaka, ekikula ky’omuntu, obuwanvu, n’engeri y’obulamu. Kale yogerako n’omusawo wo okufuna okusoma okutuufu ku lipoota yo.

• Ekigero ekya bulijjo eri abantu abakulu: Ensigo wakati wa 1,000 ne 4,800 buli microliter y’omusaayi.
• Obunene obwa bulijjo eri abaana: Obusimu obuyitibwa lymphocytes wakati wa 3,000 ne 9,500 buli microliter y’omusaayi.

Okweyongera oba okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obukola omusaayi (lymphocytes) okusinga ku mutindo ogwa bulijjo kiyinza okuba akabonero k’embeera y’obujjanjabi emu.

Bubonero ki obulaga nti obutoffaali obukola omusaayi obutakola bulungi?

Ebiseera ebisinga, wayinza obutabaawo bubonero bwonna, naye abantu abamu bayinza okufuna obubonero nga:

• Okuzimba kw’ennyondo (okuzimba kw’ennyondo) .
• Entuuyo z’ekiro
• Omusujja
• Obulumi mu lubuto
• Endya
• Okukaluubirirwa okussa

Bw’oba ​​olina obubonero nga buno, oba bw’oba ​​olina okubuusabuusa kwonna ku miwendo mu lipoota yo ey’omusaayi, ekisinga obulungi kwe kulaba omusawo amangu ddala n’ofuna amagezi. Lymphocytes, Obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obweru, Abaserikale b’omubiri, obutoffaali bwa B, obutoffaali bwa T, Okukebera omusaayi