Heng thilte hi i kal (kidney) chungchangah eng nge ni tih chiang takin i zawng chhuak ang u.

Vawiin hian kan taksa peng pawimawh tak pakhat chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu kal (kidney) a ni. Kidney chungchang hi i hre tawh mai thei, mahse an hnathawh hi a buaithlak zia leh kan hriselna a nghawng nasat zia chiang takin i hria em? Heng zawng zawng hi awlsam takin, i hriatthiam theih dan tur angin sawi ila.

Kidney hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, kidney hi bean ang chi taksa peng pahnih a ni a, i thisen chu a filter a, a tifai bawk. I urinary system-a thil pawimawh tak an ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, i kal hian ni khatah tui litre 200 vel a filter thin. Chu chu bathtub lian tak luah khat turin a tawk! Hemi kawngah hian kal (kidney) hian bawlhhlawh a paih chhuak a, chu chu taksa atangin zun angin a chhuak thin. Mi tam zawk chuan ni khatah zun litre hnih vel an paih chhuak thin. Tui litre 198 dang chu taksaah a lut leh ta a ni.

Kidney hian i taksaa tui (a tam zawk chu tui) leh electrolyte te inthlauhna vawng reng turin a pui bawk. Heng electrolytes te hi mineral pawimawh tak tak sodium leh potassium te an ni.

Tute nge kal lama harsatna nei tam zawk?

Zunthlum vei emaw, thisen sang nei te hi kal lama harsatna an neih theihna chance sang ber an ni. Chu bâkah, chetsualna, motor accident, leh infiamna lama hliamte pawh hian kal (kidney) a tichhe thei bawk.

Kidney-ah hian eng nge thleng tak tak?

I kal (kidney) hian hna pawimawh tak tak a thawk a. A pawimawh ber chu thisen atanga toxins leh bawlhhlawh paih chhuah te filter hi a ni. Chung zingah chuan nitrogenous waste products (urea), muscle waste products (creatinine), leh acids te pawh a tel. Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh: minute tin thisen cup chanve vel chu kal hmangin a filter thin.

Hetiang hian he kalphung hi a thleng thin:

• Thisen hi thisen kalna kawng lian tak, renal artery an tih hmangin kal (kidney)-ah a luang lut a.
• He thisen hi kal chhunga thisen kalna kawng te tak te hmangin a filter a ni.
• Chutianga thisen filter tawh chu thisen kalna kawng lian dang renal vein an tih hmangin i circulatory system-ah a kir leh thin.
• Zun lo chhuak chu muscular tube ureter an tih hmangin bladder-ah a kal a. Bladder hian i zun thlengin zun a khawlkhawm thin.

Kidney-a thil thleng dangte chu:

• I thisen acid-base balance (pH balance) a control a ni.
• Thisenah sugar a awm tawk lo a nih chuan sugar (glucose) siam a ni.
• Renin an tih protein a siam chhuak a, chu chuan thisen sang a tisang a ni.
• Hormone pahnih calcitriol leh erythropoietin tih a siam chhuak a. Calcitriol hi vitamin D chi khat a ni a, taksain calcium a hip lut thei a ni. Erythropoietin hian taksain thisen sen (red blood cells) a siam theih nan a pui a ni.

Kidney tin chungah hian adrenal gland a awm a. Hei hian cortisol ang chi hormone a siam chhuak thin. Cortisol hi hormone a ni a, i taksain stress a hmachhawn theih nan a pui a ni.

Cortisol hian hetiang hian a inrawlh bawk:

• Metabolism a control thin.
• Inflammation a tihziaawm.
• Thisen sang a tidanglam thin.
• Thisen sugar level a tisang.

Engtin nge ka kal (kidney) hian thisen a filter thin?

Kidney tin hian filtering unit maktaduai khat chuang nephrons an ti a. Nephron chu heng hmun hrang hrang atanga siam a ni:

• Glomeruli : Hengte hi thisen kalna kawng tha tak tak tam tak atanga siam a ni. Thisen filtration stage hmasa ber chu hetah hian a thleng thin. Chumi hnuah chuan filtered material chu renal tubules-ah thawn a ni. Hetiang kalphung hi glomerular filtration an ti a.
• Renal tubules : Heng tube te te hian tui, nutrients leh minerals sodium leh potassium te chu an la lut leh thin. Acid tam lutuk leh bawlhhlawh, tui pawh tel chu diffusion an tih hmangin an paih chhuak thin. Bawlhhlawh la awmte chu kal (kidney) khawlkhawmna kawng (collecting ducts) kaltlangin a kal a, a tawpah chuan taksa atangin zun angin a chhuak ta a ni.

Kidney pakhat chauh hmanga nun theih a ni em?

Ni e, kal pakhat chauh hmangin i nung thei . A châng chuan doctor-te chuan cancer ang chi natna hrang hrangte chu ``radical nephrectomy`` surgery-ah kidney pakhat an la chhuak ṭhin.

Heng thilte hian mi pakhat chu kal pakhat chauh nei turin a nghawng thei a ni:

• Cancer emaw hliam emaw avanga kal pakhat lakchhuah tir.
• Mi dang hnenah kidney transplant atan kidney pek.
• Renal agenesis chu pian tirh atanga kal pakhat chauh awm hi a ni.
• Kidney pahnih neia piang chuan pakhat chauh a thawk thei (kidney dysplasia).

I kal (kidney) te hi khawiah nge a awm?

I kal (kidney) chu i rib cage hnuaiah, i pum hnung lamah a awm a ni . I hnungzang sir lehlamah an awm tlangpui. I intestine leh diaphragm inkar ah an awm a. Kidney tin hi i bladder nen ureter hmangin an inzawm a ni.

Kidney-a thil pawimawh ber berte chu engte nge ni?

I kal (kidney) hi organ complex tak a ni a, a peng tam tak a awm bawk. Kidney anatomy-a thil pawimawh thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Kidney capsule : Hei hi connective tissue emaw fatty tissue emaw, kal khuh tu a ni. Kidney te chu hliam laka a venghim a, an stability a tipung a, a chhehvel tissue te nen a thlunzawm bawk.
• Renal artery : Hei hi thisen kalna kawng lian tak, kal (kidney)-a thisen kal dan tur thununtu a ni. Chawlh lai hian mi tam zawk kal (kidney) hian minute khatah thisen cup 5 (1.2 litres) aia tlem a pump thin.
• Renal cortex a ni: Hei hi kal (kidney) pawn lam ber a ni. Hetah hian nephrons (thisen filtering unit) te hi an intan thin. Renal cortex hian hormone erythropoietin (EPO) tih a siam bawk. Hei hian ruhro (bone marrow) chu thisen sen (red blood cells) siam turin a pui a ni.
• Renal medulla : Hei hi kal chhungril lam a ni. Nephrons tam zawk a awm a, chubakah glomeruli leh renal tubules te pawh a awm bawk. Renal tubules hian zun chu renal pelvis an tih hmunah a phur a.
• Renal papilla : Heng pyramid ang chi te hian zun chu ureters ah an thawn lut thin. Dehydration leh damdawi thenkhat, a bik takin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) te hian heng renal papillae te hi a tichhe thei a ni.
• Renal pelvis : He funnel ang chi hian zun a khawlkhawm a, ureters hnuaiah a thawn thla a. Zun hi ureter kaltlangin bladder-ah a kal a, chutah chuan a dah khawm thin.
• Renal vein : He vein hi thisen kalna bulpui ber a ni a, chu chuan kal atanga thisen filtered chu thinlungah a phur kir leh thin. Kidney tin hian renal vein an nei vek a.

Kal rawng, a lian leh a rih dan te tlem han zir ila.

I kal (kidney) chu a rawng sen-brown a ni . Kidney tin hi inches 4 atanga 5 vel a sei a ni a, clenched fist ang vel a ni .

Kidney tin rit zawng hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo. Hei hi i san zawng, i rih zawng, i kum, i body mass index (BMI), leh i awmna hmun ang chi thil a zirin a danglam thei.

• Mipa i nih chuan kal dinglam hi gram 79 (pound 1/5 vel) atanga gram 223 (pound 1/2 aia tlem) thlengin a rit thei a ni. Kal veilam hi gram 74 (pound 1/5 aia tlem lo) atanga gram 235 (pound 1/2 aia tlem) thlengin a rit thei a ni.
• Hmeichhia i nih chuan kal dinglam hi gram 55 (pound 1/10 aia tlem) atanga gram 274 (pound 3/5 vel) thleng a rit thei a ni. Kal veilam hi gram 67 (pound 3/20 vel) atanga gram 261 (pound 3/5 aia tlem lo) thleng a rit thei a ni.

Kidney chhiatna thlentu engte nge ni?

I kal (kidney) hian i taksaah hna pawimawh tak a thawk a. Chuvangin, damdawi lam dinhmun hrang hrangin a nghawng thei a ni. Kidney tichhe thei natna tlanglawn thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) : Hetiang dinhmun hian kal hna a thawk tha tawh lo thei a ni. CKD hi zunthlum vang emaw, thisen sang vang emaw a ni tlangpui.
• Kidney cancer : Renal cell carcinoma hi kal cancer chi hrang hrang zingah chuan a tam ber a ni.
• Kidney failure / kal tha lo: Kidney failure hi a lo thleng nghal thei (acute) emaw, hun rei tak chhunga kal hnathawh tlahniam (chronic) a ni thei bawk. End-stage renal disease chu kal (kidney) hnathawh a chawlhsan vek tawh a ni. Hei hi dialysis (kidney ni lovin thisen filter nana enkawlna) a mamawh hun a ni.
• Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) : Kidney infection hi bacteria zun kawng atanga a kal a, kal chhunga a luh hian a awm thei. Heng infection te hian symptoms rang tak a thlen thin. Doctor ten antibiotics hmangin an enkawl thin.
• Kidney stones : Kidney stone hi zun chhunga crystal lo awm, zun kalna tur a tikhawlo thei a ni. A chang chuan heng lungte hi anmahniin an kal tlang thin. Chutiang a nih loh chuan Doctor-te chuan an tikehsawm emaw, an paih chhuak emawin an enkawl thei a ni.
• Kidney cysts : Hei hi fluid-filled sacs a ni a, kidney-ah a lo awm thin. Heng cyst te hian kal (kidney) a tichhe thei a ni. Doctor ten an paih chhuak thei.
• Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) : Hetiang dinhmun hian kal (kidney) ah hian cyst tam tak a siam thin. PKD hi genetic condition a ni. Thisen sang leh kal (kidney failure) a thlen thei a ni. PKD vei te hian damdawi lam enkawlna mumal tak an mamawh a ni.

Hei bakah hian damdawi dang tam takin kal (kidney) a nghawng thei bawk. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Acidosis : Access tam lutuk hi kal (kidney)-ah a pungkhawm a, hei hian hriselna lama harsatna tam tak a thlen thei a, nunna pawh a tichhe thei bawk.
• Acute or interstitial nephritis : Antibiotics thenkhat kan ei hnuah kal a na thei a, a tawpah chuan a chak lo thei bawk.
• Azotemia : Nitrogenous wastes hi kal (kidney) ah a awm khawm thin. Enkawl loh chuan thihna a thlen thei.
• Caliectasis : Tui tam lutuk hian calyces (zun a inkhawm tanna hmun) a ti hring chhuak thin. Enkawl loh chuan kal (kidney failure) a thlen thei a ni.
• Diabetes-related nephropathy or hypertensive nephropathy : Zunthlum thunun theih loh vang emaw, hun rei tak chhunga thisen sang vang emaw hian kal a chhiat thin.
• Glomerular diseases : Heng natnate hian glomeruli a ti na emaw, a tichhia emaw a, chu chuan kal (kidney) a tichhe thei a ni.
• Minimal change disease leh nephrotic syndrome : Heng natna avang hian protein tam lutuk chu zun atanga kal atanga chhuak a ni.
• Papillary necrosis a awm thin: Kidney tissue chi hrang hrang chu medulla leh papilla-ah a thi. He tissue hian a chhe thei a, kal a tikhawlo thei a, chu chuan kal a tichhe thei a ni.
• Proteinuria : Chumi awmzia chu i kal (kidney) ah hian protein a tam hle tihna a ni. Hei hi kal chhiatna chhinchhiahna a ni thei.
• Pyelonephritis : Hei hi kal natna (kidney infection) nghal a ni a, kal (kidney) ah hian a hring (edema) a awm thin. Nunna atana hlauhawm a ni thei.
• Uremia : Zun atanga chhuak pangngai (toxins) te chu thisenah a pung khawm thin. Enkawl loh chuan thihna a thlen thei.

Kidney lama harsatna nei chhinchhiahna hmasa berte chu engte nge ni?

Kidney lama harsatna tam tak hian a tir lamah chuan symptom lian tham a nei lo. Kidney chhiatna a zual zel chuan hetiang hi i hmu thei ang:

• Cramping muscles : Electrolyte imbalances vangin taksa ruh a nghet lo.
• Zun rawng dum emaw thisen chhuak zun : Kal chhunga filter te a chhiat chuan thisen cell te chu zun chhungah a leak lut thin.
• Foamy urine : Zun chhungah bubble a awm chuan protein tam lutuk chhinchhiahna a ni thei.
• Itchy, dry skin : Thisen a mineral leh nutrients inthlauhna avang hian vun a na thin.
• Zun tam : Bawlhhlawh filtration lama harsatna a awm avangin zun tam a ngai mai thei.
• Mit vel a hring emaw, ke ruh leh ke ruh a hring : Kal hnathawh a tlahniam chuan taksain protein leh sodium a vawng reng thei a, chu chuan a ti na a ni.
• Mut theih lohna, hahna, leh ei duh lohna : Thisenah toxins a lo punkhawm chuan i mut, ei duhna leh chakna level a danglam thei.

Ka kal hriselna enfiahna atana test tih fo thinte chu engte nge ni?

Doctor-te chuan test eng emaw zat hmangin kal hnathawh dan an teh a, kal lama harsatna an neihte an hmuchhuak bawk. I doctor chuan hetiang test hi a rawt thei ang:

• Advanced imaging : X-ray, CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, emaw nuclear medicine image-ah te hian kal (kidney)-ah thil danglam emaw, blockage emaw a awm thei.
• Thisen test : Thisen test hian i glomeruli hian thisen a filter tha em em tih a tarlang.
• Kidney biopsy : Kidney biopsy-ah chuan doctor chuan i kal tissue sample te tak te a la a, microscope hmangin a enfiah thin.
• Ureteroscopy : Doctor chuan i urethra kaltlangin tube (endoscope) chu i bladder leh ureters-ah a pass a, thil dik lo awm leh awm loh a enfiah thin.
• Urinalysis tih a ni: Urinalysis hian i zun a enfiah thin. Thil chi hrang hrang, protein emaw thisen emaw a teh thin.

Engtin nge ka kal (kidney) hi a hrisel theih ang?

I kal hriselna enfiah nan medical checkup neih fo a pawimawh a, thisen leh zun test neih a pawimawh bawk. Kidney lama harsatna i neih theihna tur tihtlem nan a hnuaia mite hi i ti thei ang:

• Meizial zu leh zuk leh hmuam hman kha bansan emaw, pumpelh emaw (i doctor chuan bânsan dan tur a zawng thei che a ni).
• Reduce excessive salt consumption , hei hian thisena mineral balance a nghawng thei a ni.
• Tui tam tak in thin ang che .
• Increase daily exercise , hei hian thisen sang a tihniam thei.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) hman hi tihtlem la , hengte hi ei tam lutuk hian kal a tichhe thei a ni.
• I taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh .
• I thisen sang level enfiah thin ang che .
• Zunthlum i neih chuan i thisen sugar level kha uluk takin enkawl rawh .

Tui in tam hi kal tan a tha em?

Ni e, tui in tam hi i kal tan a tha hle . Tui hian i kal (kidney) te chu zun hmangin toxin leh bawlhhlawh te a paih chhuak thei a ni. Tin, i thisen kalna kawngte a hrisel theih nan a pui bawk a, chu chuan i thisen hian i kal (kidney)-ah ei tur tha (nutrients) chu awlsam zawkin a phur thei a ni.

Tin, kidney stone leh urinary tract infection (UTIs) laka inven nan tui in tam hi a tha hle bawk. I kal (kidney)-in tui a neih tlem chuan kal (kidney)-ah lung (kidney) a nei tlem zawk thin. Tui i in tam chuan i zun tam zawk avangin UTI i vei tam lo bawk. Hei hi a chhan chu i zun hian UTI thlentu bacteria te chu a silfai chhuak thin.

"A tlangpuiin tui i in tam leh tam loh chu i zun rawng atang hian i hre thei. Tui i in tam chuan i zun chu a sen hring emaw, a thianghlim emaw a ni tur a ni. I tui tlakchham chuan i zun chu a dum dum a ni ang.

Ka kal hrisel nan tui engzat nge ka in tur?

A vaiin mipa hian ni khatah tui no 13 (litre 3) vel an in tur a ni. Hmeichhia chuan ni khatah tui cup 9 vel (litre 2 aia tlem) vel in tur a ni.

Tui in tam lutuk hi a theih em? I tih chuan eng nge thleng ang?

Ni e, tui in tam lutuk hi a theih a ni. Chutianga i tih chuan tui ruih emaw, hyponatremia (primary polydipsia) tih ang chi natna i nei thei a ni. Heng natnate hi enkawl loh chuan seizure, coma, rilru dinhmun danglam, leh thihna thlengin a thlen thei a ni.

Hei hi kal natna nge hnungzang natna? Engtin nge i hriat?

Mite chuan kal natna leh hnungzang natna hi an ri inang vek avangin an buai hle. Awle, hei hi engtin nge kan hriatthiam theih ang.

Back pain hi i hnungzang hnuai lam area-ah a awm tlangpui.

Kidney natna hi taksa chhung thuk takah, hnungzang chunglam ah hriat a ni . Natna chu a sir lehlamah, hnungzang lai tak atanga chunglam (a tam zawkah chuan ruh hnuaiah, hnungzang dinglam emaw veilam emaw) ah i hre fo ang. He natna hi hmun dangah pawh a darh thei a, chu chu pum chhungah emaw, kawr chhungah emaw pawh a ni thei.

Kal natna hi kal emaw, zun kawng emaw a hring emaw, a inkhar emaw vang a ni. A lan chhuah dan chu khawsik, luak chhuak, luak chhuak, leh zun laiin natna te a ni.

Engtikah nge doctor hnenah ka kal chungchang hi ka sawipui ang?

Kidney condition hian symptom hrang hrang a thlen thei. I kal (kidney) a thawk tha lo a nih chuan a hnuaia symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i nei thei ang:

• Zun emaw zun chhuah dan (bathroom kal tam zawk ang chi) inthlak danglam.
• Buaina emaw, ngaihtuahna seng harsa emaw.
• Vun vawt emaw, vun hring emaw.
• Chauhna nasa tak a awm.
• Thisen sang (hypertension).
• Muscle a rawn inher chhuak.
• Chaw ei duhna hloh emaw, ei tur a metallic taste emaw.
• Pum natna emaw, luak chhuak emaw.
• A bik takin kut emaw ke ruh vel emaw vel a hring.

Heng zinga pakhat tal i neih chuan i kal hnathawh dan enfiah fo tur a ni:

• Chhungkaw zingah hian kal natna nei tawh an awm chuan.
• Zunthlum.
• Lung natna.
• Thisen sang a sang.
• Thau lutuk emaw, thau lutuk emaw.
• Damdawi thenkhat, thisen sang damdawi ang chi i hman fo chuan.

Chuvangin, take-home message hnuhnung ber chu:

Chuvangin, tunah chuan kan taksaah hian kidney hi taksa peng te tak te mahse pawimawh tak pahnih a ni tih i hre ta. Thisen tihthianghlim atanga taksaa tui awm zat, mineral salt leh hormone siam chhuahna inthlauhna thlengin, heng kal pahnih hian thil pawimawh tak tak tam takah a pui a ni.

Chuvangin, i kal (kidney) hrisel taka vawn reng a pawimawh hle . Tui tam tak in te, chi ei tlem te, exercise lak te, meizuk loh te ang chi thil awlsam tak tak tih hmangin i kal i enkawl thei a ni.

Kidney natna vei theihna i neih chuan, emaw, a chunga kan sawi tawh ang chi i neih chuan, zak leh hlau lovin doctor pan a tha ber Hriat hmasak hian natna tam tak a tidam thei tih hre reng ang che!

"I kal (kidney) hian i dam chhung zawngin a enkawl ang che, nang pawhin hmangaihna nen i enkawl tur a ni!"

` Kal, kal natna, kal hrisel, zun kawng, thisen tihthianghlim, kal hnathawh, kal hriselna