I kal chhunga filter te tak te: Bowman’s Capsule chungchang hi i zir dawn nia.

Kan taksa peng te te engzat nge hna ropui tak thawk tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Vawiin hian kan kal (kidney) hmun pawimawh ve ve, mahse hriat tlem ber pawh ni thei, kan sawi dawn a ni. Bowman’s Capsule tih a ni. He mi pasaltha te tak te hi eng ang nge a nih a, eng nge a tih tih hi han thlir ila.

Bowman-a Capsule hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, Bowman-a capsule hi i kal (kidney)-a nephron pakhata tel a ni. Okay, chuti a nih chuan nephron chu eng nge ni? Nephron hi i kal chhunga filtering unit a ni. In lama kan tui filter chhunga filter te te ang mai a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, kal pakhatah hian nephron maktaduai khat vel a awm! Chu chu kal pahnihah maktaduai hnih a ni! Chu chu thil mak a ni lo maw? Nephron tin hian glomerulus an tih hmun an nei vek a. Hei hi i thisen atanga bawlhhlawh filter hna thawh tanna hmun a ni. Glomerulus hi thisen kalna ball fel tak, te tak te tak a ni. Glomerulus vel, a khuhtu hmun chu Bowman’s capsule an ti a. Glomerulus tana venhimna khuhna ang mai a ni. He capsule bang pahnih inkar hmun ruak hi Bowman’s space an ti a. He Bowman capsule hi an ti bawk. Entirnan, glomerular capsule leh Malpighian capsule tih ang chi hming i hre tawh em? Chu chu an hming pawh a ni. Tin, Bowman-a space hi glomerular capsule space an ti bawk.

Bowman’s Capsule hian eng hna nge a thawh?

Bowman’s capsule leh glomerulus te hian an inzawm khawm chuan renal corpuscle an siam a. Heng zawng zawng hi kal (kidney) peng hrang hrang a ni. Kan taksa tana kal (kidney) hian engzat nge a thawh tih i hria. Kan thisen pH an control a, thisen sang an tidanglam a, taksaa electrolyte balance an vawng reng bawk. Tin, urinary system-a tel ve a nih angin kidney hian taksa atanga bawlhhlawh paih chhuahna kawngah mawhphurtu a ni. Chuvangin, he Bowman-a capsule hian a tih chu glomerulus-in thisen a filter theih nan a pui a ni. Thisen chhunga molecule te te te chu engmah tibuaitu awm lovin Bowman’s space ah hian an lut thin. Amaherawhchu, kal (kidney filter) hian hna a thawk tha chhung chuan cell leh protein lian tak tak ang chi te chu thisenah a awm reng a, a chhuak lo. Chumi hnuah chuan heng thil te te te hi kal (kidney) chhunga tube te te te hmangin an kal a. Chutah chuan kal (kidney) hian eng particle nge thisenah a luh leh tur tih leh engte nge zun atanga chhuah tur tih chu a rel thin. Mechanism mak tak mai a ni lawm ni?

Bowman’s Capsule hi khawiah nge a awm?

Bowman’s capsule hi i kal pawn lam layer renal cortex ah a awm a. Kidney hi i rib cage hnuaiah, i pum hnung lamah a awm a. Kidney pahnih a awm tlangpui a, i ruhro sir lehlamah pakhat a awm. I intestine leh diaphragm inkar ah an awm a. Kidney tin hi ureter an tih tube hmangin bladder nen an inzawm a ni.

Bowman-a Capsule hi eng ang nge a nih?

Bowman-a capsule hi a takah chuan mit hmuh theih loh a ni. A hmuh theih nan microscope i mamawh a ni. Chutiang khawpa te chu a ni. A pianzia i sawi chuan bag emaw, no emaw ang mai a ni. He capsule hi layer hnih atanga siam a ni. 1. Pawn lam layer: Hei hi parietal layer an ti a. Hei hi tissue chi khat simple squamous epithelium an tih atanga siam a ni. 2. Inner layer: Hei hi visceral layer an ti a. Hei hi cell bik podocyte an tih atanga siam a ni. Thil ngaihnawm tak chu heng podocyte te hian finger ang maia extension (pedicles) an nei a ni. Heng extension te hi kut (interdigitation) ang maia inzawmkhawm an ni. Hetianga an inzawm tlat avangin thil thenkhat chu an kal tlang thei a, mahse thil thenkhat erawh chu a kal tlang thei lo. I hrisel chuan protein leh cell te hian hengte hi an paltlang thei lo.

Hetiang hian thisen chu silfai a, taksaah a kir leh a, bawlhhlawh chu taksa atangin zun angin fine tube (tubules) kaltlangin a chhuak chhuak thin. Glomerulus chhunga thisen sang (glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure) hian hei hi a pui a ni. Fluid chu lakchhuah a nih chuan tui leh nutrients te chu taksaah a lut leh ta a ni.

Bowman’s Capsule natna vei tlangpui chu engte nge ni?

I kal (kidney) tichhe thei natna te hian Bowman’s capsule hi a nghawng bawk. A bik takin Bowman’s capsule chhehvela glomeruli tichhe thei natnaah a hlauhawm hle. Glomerular natna chi hrang hrang a awm a. Environment factors atanga genetic factors thlengin eng thil pawh avanga lo awm thei an ni.

• Glomerulonephritis: Hei hi glomeruli inflammation , a nih loh leh swelling, a ni. Autoimmune diseases, genetic diseases , emaw infection avanga lo awm thei a ni.
• Glomerulosclerosis: Hei hi glomeruli a khauh a, a hliam a nih chuan a ni.

Heng natnate hi uluk taka enkawl a nih loh chuan a tawpah chuan kal (kidney failure) a thlen thei a ni.Glomerular natna leh kal chak lohna thlentu ber chu zunthlum avanga kal natna a ni a, chu chu diabetic nephropathy tia hriat a ni.

Bowman’s Capsule natna vei natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu engte nge ni?

Glomerular natna lan chhuah dan chu:

• I zun a protein tam lutuk (proteinuria) . Hei hian i zun chu a ti foam thei a ni.
• Zun chhunga thisen (hematuria) . Hei hian zun chu pink emaw cola rawng emaw angin a lang thei a ni.
• Thisenah protein level hniam (hypoproteinemia) .
• Kut leh ke ang chi taksa peng hrang hrang a hring (edema) emaw, mit vel a hring chhuak emaw.

Bowman’s Capsule hriselna enfiahna atana test tih tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Doctor-te chuan test eng emaw zat hmangin kal hnathawh dan an teh a, kal lama harsatna an neihte an hmuchhuak bawk. I doctor chuan hetiang test hi a rawt thei ang:

• Thisen test : Hengte hian i glomeruli hian thisen a filter tha em tih a enfiah thei a ni.
• Urinalysis: Hei hian zun chhunga protein leh thisen ang chi thil a teh thei.
• Imaging test, ultrasound ang chi: Hengte hian doctor-te chuan i kal (kidney) lian leh te, a pianzia an enfiah thei a ni.
• Kidney function test: Heng test-te hian kal (kidney) hnathawh that dan a tarlang a.
• Kidney biopsy: Hemiah hian doctor chuan kal atanga tissue te tak te a la a, microscope hmangin a enfiah thin.

Bowman’s Capsule tichhe thei dinhmunte enkawl dan tur engte nge ni?

Kidney natna hi "one-size-fits-all" tih enkawlna a awm lo. I enkawlna tur chu i dinhmun leh a nasat danah a innghat ang. Bowman’s capsule nghawng thei natna enkawlnaah chuan:

• Chi tlem eitur ( Sodium tlem eitur ).
• Damdawi antibiotics , thisen sang damdawi, immunosuppressant, leh steroid .
• Dialysis tih a ni .
• Kidney thlak danglam a ni .

Ka Bowman’s Capsule hi a hrisel theih nan eng nge ka tih theih ang?

I kal hrisel taka vawn hi i Bowman’s capsule hrisel taka vawn theihna kawng pawimawh tak a ni. I kal hriselna enfiah a pawimawh a, medical checkup, thisen test, leh zun test neih fo a pawimawh. Hei hi thisen sang, thau lutuk, leh/ emaw zunthlum i neih chuan a pawimawh hle. Kidney lama harsatna i neih theihna tur chu:

• Meizial zuk loh emaw, bânsan emaw.
• Chi i ei zat tihtlem.
• Nitin exercise tihpun hian thisen sang tihziaawmna kawngah a pui thei a ni.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) hman tlem . Hengte hi ei tam lutuk hian kal (kidney) a tichhe thei a ni.
• Rihna hrisel tak vawn reng.
• I thisen sang level hi en reng ang che.
• Zunthlum i vei a nih chuan i thisen sugar level hi fimkhur hle ang che.

Bowman’s Capsule emaw, kal natna emaw chungchangah ngaihtuahna ka neih chuan engtikah nge doctor ka hmuh ang?

I kal (kidney)-ah thil dik lo a awm nia i hriat chuan doctor pan ngei ngei tur a ni. Hetiang symptoms hi i nei thei ang:

• I zun inthlak danglamna: zun thisen chhuak, zun dum, zun chhum emaw foamy emaw.
• Zun chhuah tam dan a inthlak danglam.
• Chauhna/ hahna nasa tak .
• Thisen sang (Hypertension) .
• Muscle a ti na hle.
• Chaw ei duhna hloh emaw, ei tur a metallic taste emaw.
• Nausea leh luak chhuak.
• A bik takin ke ruh emaw kut vel emaw vel a hring.

Heng zinga pakhat tal i neih chuan i doctor chuan kidney function test emaw thisen test emaw neih fo turin a rawt thei ang:

• Chhungkaw history-a kal natna nei tawh.
• Zunthlum .
• Lung natna .
• Thisen sang sang .
• Thau lutuk .
• Damdawi thenkhat hman fo, entirnan, thisen sang damdawi.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

I kal (kidney) hian i taksa tan hna pawimawh tak tak a thawk a. Chuvang chuan thisen sang leh thisen glucose level control-a awm reng a, hrisel taka awm a pawimawh. I zun danah thil dik lo a awm nia i hriat chuan, natna hrik emaw, i zun dan inthlak danglam emaw pawh nise, i doctor nen inbia thuai rawh. I tan solution tha ber an hmu ang. Heng kan taksa peng te te te hi kan hriselna min vawngtu an ni tih hre reng ang che. Chuvang chuan kan enkawl hi kan mawhphurhna a ni.

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Kidney, Bowman’s capsule, nephron, glomerulus, kal natna, zun kawng, hriselna