Tunlai hian i chau reng reng em, engmah ti thei loin i inhria em? Hna tenau i thawh hnuah pawh chak lo takin i inhria em? I blue mai mai a, i taksaah hliam i hmu mai thei em? A nih loh leh, khawsik emaw, khawsik emaw ang chi natna lo thleng leh zel i vei em? Chûngte chu thil pangngaiah kan ngai a, mahse a châng chuan hengte hi kan taksa chhûnga dinhmun khirh tak a awm tih chhinchhiahna a ni thei. Vawiinah hian hetiang natna rapthlak tak tak kan sawi a, mahse kan zavaiin kan fimkhur a ngai a ni.
Aplastic anemia hi eng nge ni tak tak?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, aplastic anemia hi thisen lama natna khirh tak, mahse a tlem berah chuan kan ruhro hian thisen cell thar a siam chhuah tlem chuan a lo awm thin a ni.
Kan ruhro hi thisen siamna hmun angin han ngaihtuah teh. He factory hian kan taksa mamawh thil pathum a siam a:
1. Thisen sen (Red blood cells): Taksa pum puia oxygen phurtu cell.
2. Thisen var (white blood cells): Natna hrik dotu leh natna laka min vengtu cell.
3. Platelets: Hliam a awm chuan thisen chhuah tawp lo cell.
Aplastic anemia veiah chuan he thisen siamna factory, ruhro hian hna a thawk tawh lo thut mai. Production chu a tawp vek tawh mai. Chuvangin taksain a mamawh thisen cell chi thum zawng zawng chu a bo vek a ni. Hei hian harsatna tam tak a thlen theihna a tipung a, chu chu natna khirh tak tak, thisen chhuah harsatna, leh thinlung natna te hi a ni. He natna hi enkawl dan tur awm mah se, he natna hi a dam kim theih dan awmchhun chu stem cell transplant a ni.
Hetiang dinhmun hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?
Hei hi natna tlanglawn tak a ni lo. Ram changkang zawkah phei chuan he natna hian mi maktaduai khatah mi pahnih vel chauh a vei a ni. Chu chu a tlem hle tihna a ni. Hetiang dinhmun hi kum eng pawhah awm thei mah se, thalai kum 15 leh 25 inkar leh kum 60 chunglam zingah a tam ber .
Hetiang natna lan chhuah dan hi engte nge ni?
A tam zawkah chuan heng symptoms te hi a lo lang zauh zauh a, kar emaw thla emaw chhungin a lo lang thin. Chuvângin, danglamna lian tak chu i hmu nghâl lo mai thei. Mahse mi thenkhat tan chuan symptoms chu a pawi takin a lo lang nghal thei a ni. Heng symptoms te hi eng nge an nih leh engvangin nge an lo awm tih hi han thlir ila.
| Symptom a ni | Engvangin nge chutiang chu a lo awm? (A awlsam zawngin) |
|---|---|
| Chauh lutuk, stairs chhoh lai pawhin muhil, thawk harsa (dyspnea). | Taksa mamawh oxygen phurtu thisen sen (red blood cells) a tlem avangin. |
| Viral infection (khawsik, flu) nei fo leh dam leh nan hun rei tak a ngai thin. | He natna hrik dotu thisen var (white blood cells) a tlem vang a ni. |
| Hliam te tak te atanga thisen chhuak awlsam, hmun thenkhatah blue mai mai, hnar emaw, hmui emaw atanga thisen chhuak. | Thisen zam titawp thei platelet a tlem avangin. |
| Vun dum, luak chhuak, lu na fo thin. | Oxygen tling lo chu thluak leh taksaah a thleng lo a, hei hi thisen sen (red blood cells) tlahniam vang a ni . |
| Khawsik. | Infection chhinchhiahna angin, taksaa immunity hniam vang a ni. |
Khawsik i neih vang leh hah deuh i neih vang mai maia he natna hi i nei tih ngaihtuah hlau suh. Mahse kar tam tak chhung natna i neih a, a dam lo hle a, chutih rual chuan i chau hle a nih chuan doctor i pan ngei ngei tur a ni.
Engvangin nge hetiang thil hi a lo thlen?
A chhan dik tak chu hriat chian theih a ni ngai lo. Mahse, a tam zawkah chuan thil mak tak mai a thleng fo thin. A awlsam zawngin kan taksa defense system (immune system) chu a kal a, a ruhro (bone marrow) chu a bei ta a ni. Kan sipaite ngeiin kan taksa peng pawimawh tak takte an beih ang mai a ni. He attack hian bone marrow-a stem cells, thisen cell thar siamtu cell te chu a tichhia a ni.
Hetianga taksa hriselna (immune system) a tihchhiat theih chhan hi chhan hrang hrang a awm a.
Damdawi lam thil thenkhat avang hian
- Autoimmune natna: 1.1.Lupus ang natnaah hian kan taksa chakna (immune system) hian kan taksa ngei hi a bei thin.
- Viral infection: Virus chi thenkhat, entirnan Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Parvovirus B19, leh HIV virus te hian he natna hi a thlen thei a ni.
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Hei hi thisen sen (red blood cells) a chhe chak lutuk hi a ni.
- Naupai: A tlem hle a, naupai lai pawhin he natna hi a awm thei bawk.
Hereditary avanga lo awm a ni
Hengte hi a tlem hle. Inherited genetic disease thenkhat chuan ruhro (bone marrow) a thawk tha lo thei a ni. Entir nan:
- Fanconi thisen tlakchhamna (anemia) a awm
- Dyskeratosis hi a pianphung atanga lo chhuak a ni
- Shwachman-Diamond natna a ni
Damdawi lam enkawlna leh chemical thenkhat
- Cancer enkawl dan: Radiation leh chemotherapy hmangin ruhro (bone marrow) a tichhe thei a ni.
- Damdawi thenkhat: Autoimmune natna atana damdawi pek thenkhat.
- Chemical nena inzawmna: Hun rei tak chhung carcinogenic chemicals arsenic leh benzene te nena inhmuhna pawh a hlauhawm hle.
Hei hian eng side effect (complication) nge a neih theih?
Thisen cell a bo chuan taksaa thil kalphung tam tak a tibuai a, chu chuan harsatna lian tham a thlen thei a ni.
- Severe Anemia: Chauhna nasa tak, thinlung na chak tak, leh thinlung chak lohna a thlen thei.
- Infection na tak: Thisen var (white blood cells) tel lo chuan natna hrik tlanglawn tak pawh hi nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni thei.
- Thunun theih loh thisen chhuak: Platelet awm loh avangin hliam tenau tak pawhin thisen a chhuah nasa lutuk thei. Thluak chhunga thisen chhuah hi a hlauhawm hle.
- Lung natna: Thisen tlakchhamna hian thinlung hna a thawk nasa zawk a, chu chuan lungphu a tidanglam (arrhythmia) emaw, thinlung a tichhe thei a ni.
- Myelodysplastic syndrome: Hei hi ruhro natna a ni bawk a, thisen cancer, leukemia ang chi a nih theihna a awm bawk.
Engtin nge doctor hian hei hi a hmuh theih?
Doctor i pan hunah i natna lan chhuah dan ngun takin a ngaithla hmasa ang a, a enfiah hmasa ang che. Tichuan, he natna hi a rinhlelh chuan test bik thenkhat a order ang.
| Fiahna | Hemiah hian eng nge i hmuh? |
|---|---|
| Thisen chhiar kim (CBC) 1.1. | A bul berah chuan i thisen sen, thisen var, leh platelet count a hniam zia i enfiah thei a ni. |
| Peripheral thisen hmanga hnawih | I thisen cell awm dan leh a nihna chu microscope hmangin an enfiah thin. |
| Reticulocyte chhiar chhuah a ni | Ruhro atanga thisen sen puitling lo siam chhuah zat hi teh a ni. Hetiang zat hi a tlem chuan ruhro (bone marrow) a thawk tha lo tih a nemnghet a ni. |
| Bone marrow aspiration leh biopsy hmanga tih a ni | Hei hi diagnosis finfiah nan test pawimawh ber a ni. Light anesthetic pek a nih hnuah hip ruh atanga ruhro sample te tak te lak a ni a, test a ni. Bone marrow cells a hniam lutuk chuan diagnosis chu a dik tih finfiah a ni. |
Hei hi eng enkawlna nge ni?
Enkawl dan chu i kum, natna nasat dan leh a chhan ang chi thil hrang hrangah a innghat a ni.
A chang chuan cancer enkawlna avanga natna lo awm a nih chuan a enkawl dan thlak danglam chuan a dinhmun a titha thei a ni. Thisen cell count tlem tlem i neih a, symptom lian tham (moderate aplastic anemia) i neih loh chuan i doctor chuan enkawl lo turin a rel mai thei che a, i dinhmun chu a enfiah mai thei bawk.
Mahse a nasat chuan enkawl a ngai a ni.
- Immunosuppressants: A hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan heng damdawi te hi kan taksa hriselna (immune system) in kan ruhro (bone marrow) a rawn beih loh nan kan pek thin a ni. Antithymocyte globulin (Atgam®) leh Cyclosporine (Sandimmune®) te hi chutiang damdawi chu an ni.
- Thisen pek: Hei hian natna a tidam lova, mahse, thisen sen leh platelet tlakchham vanga hahna leh thisen chhuah ang chi natna lanchhuahna te chu rei lo te chhungin a thunun thei a ni.
- Antibiotics: Thisen var cell count tlem chuan natna hrik kai theihna a tipung. Chuvangin, heng damdawi te hi natna hrik awm tak tak enkawlna atan pek a ni.
- Allogeneic stem cell thlak danglam dan: 1.1.Hei chauh hi he natna hi a dam kim theihna tur kawng awmchhun a ni. Heta tih tur chu ruhro chhia chu tihchhiat vek a, mi hrisel (a matched donor) atanga lak chhuah stem cells taksaah inject a ni. Heng cell thar te hi kal a, ruhroah an awm a, thisen cell hrisel thar an siam tan thin. He enkawlna hi naupang zawkah a hlawhtling zawk a ni.
Enkawlna hian side effect a nei em?
Ni e, a enkawl dan azirin side effect a inang lo thei.
- Graft-versus-host disease: Stem cell transplant laia harsatna awm thei. Hetiang a nih chuan, cell thar dah tharte hian damlo taksa chu an bei a ni.
- Hri kai theihna a sang: Immune system titawptu damdawi hian natna hrik do theihna a ti tlem lehzual.
- Iron overload: Thisen pek fo hian taksaa iron level chu a tul lovah a tipung thei a ni.
He natna nen hian nunpui theih a ni em?
Damchhuah zat hi thil tam takah a innghat a, i kum leh enkawlna i dawn danah pawh a innghat. Zirna thenkhatah chuan stem cell transplant hmanga enkawl hnuah naupang leh kum 40 hnuai lam zingah kum nga chhunga dam rei zat chu 100% vel a ni tih a tarlang.
Heng statistics te hi mipui tam tak zatve chauh a ni tih hre reng ang che. I dinhmun chu hei aiin a danglam hle mai thei. Chuvangin heng number te hi hlau suh. I doctor chauh hian information tha ber ber a pe thei che a ni.
Hei hi cancer a ni em?
No. Aplastic anemia hi cancer a ni lo. Mahse, he natna vei te hian nakin lawkah thisen cancer, leukemia ang chi an vei theihna chance a sang deuh thei a ni.
Hetiang dinhmun hi i neih chuan engtin nge i in enkawl ang?
A pawimawh ber chu i enkawl dan tur dik taka zawm a, i natna lan chhuah dan ngaihven hi a ni. Chu bâkah, chûng thilte chu ngaihtuah la.
- I tlu nasat theihna tur leh hliam i tuar theihna tur thil tih loh tur. Football, hockey, wrestling ang chi infiamna te hi pumpelh a tha ber a, thisen a chhuah awlsam avangin.
- Hriselna laka inveng rawh. Infection i vei tam zawk. Sahbawn leh tuiin kut sil fo thin ang che. Khawsik emaw, pum na emaw nei te lakah inthiarfihlim rawh. I doctor hnenah eng vaccine nge i tan a tha tih zawt rawh.
- Chawlh hahdam tam rawh. Anemia hian i chau hle thei a ni. Nitin hna thawh a harsat phah thei bawk. Chuvangin mut tawk rawh. I chau tih i hriat veleh chawl la, tikhawtlai suh.
- Ei leh in tha tak ei rawh. Ei leh in inthlau tak hian i chakna a tipung thei a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian nutritionist rawn hmasak a tha ber.
- Exercise light engemaw zat ti rawh. Kea kal ang chi exercise light tak hian stress a tihziaawm thei a ni. Mahse exercise thar i tan hmain i doctor nen inbiakna neih hmasak phawt ang che.
Doctor hmuh hun tha ber berte chu engte nge ni?
Doctor nen inbiak reng a pawimawh. Bik takin,
- 38°C (102°F) aia sang i khawsik chuan.
- I symptoms a na zual zel a nih chuan.
- Thunun theih loha thisen chhuak i neih chuan damdawi in hnai ber Emergency Department (ETU)-ah kal nghal rawh.
Hetiang dinhmun hi a tlem hle nachungin a na hle. Lungngaih leh lungngaih hi hriatthiam theih a ni. Mahse, a chhan hriat theih loh pawh ni se, enkawl theih a ni a, a chang chuan a dam kim vek thei tih hre reng ang che. I doctor chuan i tana enkawlna tha ber leh a side effects te a hrilhfiah ang che.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Aplastic anemia hi thil awm lo mahse na tak a ni a, ruhro hian thisen cell a siam chhuak tawh lo.
- Hun rei tak hah, natna hrik kai fo, leh hliam emaw thisen chhuah awlsam te hi fimkhur tur a ni.
- Hetiang symptoms hi ngaihthah suh. Doctor hmu ngei ang a, thurawn la rawh.
- Natna hi chiang taka hriat theih nan thisen test bik leh bone marrow biopsy neih a pawimawh hle.
- Hei hi enkawl dan tur a awm a, stem cell transplant hian natna hi a tidam vek thei a ni.
- He natna nena kan khawsak hian hri kai leh hliam laka inven nan fimkhur hle a pawimawh.
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